Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.1.1.41 (isocitrate dehydrogenase)
 3,101 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pretreatment of male rats with Aroclor 1254 at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.p. for 6 days resulted in potentiation of the hepatotoxicity of inhaled carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as evidenced by a decrease in liver glucose-6-phosphatase and elevations of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Aroclor 1254 alone did not demonstrate hepatotoxicity. Aroclor 1254 administration resulted in large increases in cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450 (448) AND P-Nitroanisole demethylation. Subsequent exposure to CCl4 vapor resulted in over 70% decreases in the latter two parameters. The potentiation was dose-dependent with a dose of 5 mg/kg or higher being effective. Aroclor 1260 administration gave results similar to those of Aroclor 1254, but Aroclor 1221 enhanced CCl4 toxicity to a lesser extent.
 ...
PMID:Potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats by pretreatment with polychlorinated biphenyls. 17 1

Pretreatment of rats with methylmercury hydroxide (MMH) (15 mg/kg s.c. for 2 days) protected against hepatotoxicity due to the inhalation of CCl4 vapor (4800-6100 ppm for 2 h). This was evidenced by lessening of the changes due to CCl4 in liver glucose-6-phosphatase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum isocitrate dehydrogenase and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase. Decreases in p-nitroanisole demethylation and cytochrome P-450 were also altered. Lipid peroxidation due to CCl4 was decreased by MMH. These biochemical indices of protection were supported by histopathological observations. These results lend further support to the concept that metabolism of CCl4 is necessary for its hepatoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity by pretreatment with methylmercury hydroxide. 112 9

Piperine, a major pungent constituent of black and red peppers, was administered to rats intragastrically and intraperitoneally to study whether it alters the activities of hepatic mixed-function oxidases (MFO) and serum enzymes as specific markers of hepatotoxicity. An intragastric dose of 100 mg/kg of piperine to adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats caused an increase in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase 24 h following treatment. On the other hand, a 10 mg/kg dose given i.p. exhibited no effect on the activities of the aforementioned parameters of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system. However, when the intragastric and intraperitoneal doses were increased to 800 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, the black pepper alkaloid produced a significant decrease in the levels of cytochrome P-450, benzphetamine N-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase 24 h after treatment. None of the treatments significantly elevated the activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), suggesting that piperine is not a hepatotoxic agent.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the effects of piperine administered intragastrically and intraperitoneally on the liver and liver mixed-function oxidases in rats. 189 51

Elevated levels of serum enzymes are frequently associated not only with alcohol-related organ damage but also with excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholism without significant tissue injury. However, both in the early detection of alcoholism as well as also in the diagnosis of alcohol-related diseases the sensitivities and specificities of these enzyme markers vary considerably. They may be influenced by nonalcohol-related diseases, enzyme-inducing drugs, nutritional factors, metabolic disorders, age, smoking, etc. Consequently, we have neither a single laboratory test--enzyme marker--nor a test combination that is reliable enough for the exact diagnosis between alcohol- and nonalcohol-related organ damage. In most cases it is possible to determine the tissue from which the elevated enzyme is derived, but only occasionally enzyme changes reflect the quantity of the tissue injury. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is the most widely used laboratory marker of alcoholism and heavy drinking, detecting 34-85% of problem drinkers and alcoholics. However, the unspecificity of increased serum GGT limits its use for general screening purposes. Its value in the follow-up of various treatment programs, however, is well established. An elevated level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in an alcoholic or a heavy consumer indicates alcohol-induced organ damage. The use of test combinations significantly improves the information received with single serum enzyme determinations. An ASAT/ALAT ratio greater than 1.5 can be considered as highly suggestive for the alcoholic etiology of the liver injury. Still better discrimination between alcoholic and nonalcoholic origin of the liver disease may be achieved by the determination of the ratio of GGT to alkaline phosphatase. If this ratio exceeds 1.4 the specificity of the finding in favor for alcoholic liver injury is 78%. The determination of the mitochondrial isoenzyme of ASAT also improves the diagnostic value of ASAT determination. The ratio of mitochondrial isoenzyme to total over 4 is highly suggestive for alcohol-related liver injury. In general, however, the determination of serum activities of other enzymes such as ornithine carbamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, guanase, aldolase, alkaline phosphatase or glutathione S-transferase do not significantly improve the diagnostic information obtained with more conventional laboratory markers of liver injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Use of enzymes for the diagnosis of alcohol-related organ damage. 243 6

Inheritance of alleles at 29 electrophoretically detected protein loci and one pigment locus (albinism) was analyzed in Xenopus laevis by backcrossing multiply heterozygous individuals generated by intersubspecies hybridization. Pairwise linkage tests revealed eight classical linkage groups. These groups have been provisionally numbered from 1 to 8 in an arbitrarily chosen order. Linkage group 1 includes ALB-2 (albumin), ADH-1 (alcohol dehydrogenase), NP (nucleoside phosphorylase), and ap (periodic albinism). Linkage group 2 contains ALB-1 and ADH-2, and probably is homeologous to group 1. Linkage group 3 comprises PEP-B (peptidase B), MPI-1 (mannosephosphate isomerase), SORD (sorbitol dehydrogenase), and mIDH-2 (mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase). Linkage group 4 contains GPI-1 (glucosephosphate isomerase) and EST-4 (esterase 4). Linkage group 5 contains GPI-2 and PEP-D (peptidase D). Linkage group 6 comprises ACP-3 (acid phosphatase), sME (cytosolic malic enzyme), and GLO-2 (glyoxalase). Linkage group 7 consists of sSOD-1 (cytosolic superoxide dismutase), GPD-2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), mME (mitochondrial malic enzyme), and the sex determining locus. Linkage group 8 includes FH (fumarate hydratase) and TRF (transferrin). Recombination frequencies between linked loci showed differences related to the genomic constitution (parental subspecies) and to the sex of the heterozygous parent. Independent assortment was observed between the duplicate ALB loci. This is true for the duplicate ADH, GLO, and MPI loci as well, supporting the view that these genes have been duplicated as part of a genome duplication that occurred in the evolutionary history of X. laevis. Comparative analysis of genetic maps reveals a possible conservation of several linkages from the Xenopus genome to the human genome.
 ...
PMID:Genetic mapping in Xenopus laevis: eight linkage groups established. 258 81

The ability of 14 serum biochemical assays to predict the presence of hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (centrilobular necrosis), allyl alcohol (periportal necrosis), and 1-napththylisothiocyanate (ANIT) (biliary duct necrosis) was evaluated in rats. Results of these assays were analyzed using multivariate discriminant analysis to determine: which assays have the highest predictive value for discriminating between control and treated rats, and which assays would discriminate between rats in the three treatment groups. Individual assays with the highest predictive value for CCl4-induced lesions versus controls were glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Assays with the highest predictive value for ANIT-induced lesions were GDH, 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT), and ALT. Assays the highest predictive value for ANIT-induced lesions were GDH, 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT), and ALT. Assays with the highest predictive value for allyl alcohol-induced lesions were an ALT/isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) ratio, GDH, and ALT. Canonical correlation coefficients for each assay ranged from 0.98 to 0.91 with 95-100% correct group membership predictions (treated versus control) provided by each assay. Individual assays were not highly predictive for determining group membership among all three treatment groups. A two assay combination of 5'NT and an ALT/ICD ratio provided 100% correct group membership predictions and had high canonical correlations (f1 = 0.95, f2 = 0.83).
 ...
PMID:Evaluating toxin-induced hepatic injury in rats by laboratory results and discriminant analysis. 301 5

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows. 339 48

Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in rats was used to induce liver disease and secondary kidney damage. The biochemical changes in the liver, kidney and plasma were studied at 3, 6, 10 and 21 days post CBDL. The observed alterations climaxed at the 6th day following ligation. Renal, activities of aldolase (ALD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were lowered in CBDL rats. Further, microsomal Na,K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase and mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation were inhibited. In the liver from CBDL rats the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Mg-ATPase and ALP were elevated, while SDH, ALD, malic dehydrogenase (MDH), LDH, malic enzyme (ME) and Na,K-ATPase were lowered. Plasma enzymes, AST, ALP, MDH, LDH, ALD, acid phosphatase (ACP) and ICDH and the metabolites bile acids, bilirubin, creatinine and urea were elevated. Addition of bile acids or bilirubin at concentrations comparable to those found in the plasma of CBDL rats, to the reaction mixture of the various enzymes strongly inhibited most, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. High concentrations of these substances in the blood may explain the development of renal failure during liver disease and its reversibility when liver function returns to normal.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical changes in liver, kidney and blood associated with common bile duct ligation. 378 11

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increased in the serum of the infected pigs.
 ...
PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium. 400 13

The tissue specific patterns and ontogeny of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14). lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.42) are reported for Barbus tetrazona (tiger barb), B. conchonius (rosy barb), B. nigrofasciatus (black ruby barb), B. titteya (cherry barb), B. sachsi (gold barb), and in interspecific hybrids where B. tetrazona is the maternal parent. The spatial and temporal expression of SDH, LDH and IDH isozymes in Barbus is consistent with those reported for other teleosts. As the genetic distance between the parentals used in forming the hybrid increases, allelic expression proceeds from synchronous to asynchronous, with an increasing delay in embryonic gene expression. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that parental sensor genes differ in their response to maternally controlled regulatory signals; indicative of species specific effector/activator RNA molecule concentrations and sensor/receptor gene induction thresholds.
 ...
PMID:Ontogenetic patterns of enzyme locus expression in Barbus hybrids (Cypriniformes, Teleostei). 408 6


1 2 Next >>