Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.1.1.41 (isocitrate dehydrogenase)
 3,101 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effects of daily administration of 1 mg/kg thyroxine (T4) starting 10-15 days before mating, on parturition, maternal behavior and lactation in rats. Treated rats had elevated serum titers of T3 and T4, a greater number of fetuses and parturition was advanced approximately 12 h and lasted longer than in controls. None of the treated rats were able to lactate because of defects in maternal behavior and milk ejection; the litters died usually within 48 h postpartum. In rats sacrificed at 10.00 on day 21 of pregnancy, mammary gland content of total protein, phospholipids, casein and lactose were significantly increased, but total lipid was markedly reduced. Lipogenesis was also significantly increased, as well as the activity of the lipogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthetase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. These results are indicative of normal albeit premature lactogenesis. The T4-treated rats also had advances in the prepartum fall in serum progesterone and the increase in prolactin as well as in the increase in mammary casein and lactose concentrations of approximately 12 h with respect to control pregnant rats. These results show that chronic T4 treatment induces an advance of approximately 12 h in luteolysis, which in turn advances lactogenesis and parturition in rats. Although the mammary gland was able to produce milk, lactation failed due to abnormal maternal behavior and milk ejection, the causes of which are still unknown. Other effects of hyperthyroidism were also present, such as a severe reduction in lipid content of the gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of chronic thyroid hormone administration on pregnancy, lactogenesis and lactation in the rat. 149 39

Effects of androgens, prolactin (Prl) and bromocriptine (Br) on the specific activities of prostatic (caudal and cranial) enzymes of the pyruvate-malate cycle were studied in castrated mature bonnet monkeys. Castration decreased the activity of NADP+ isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), ATP citrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Administration of testosterone propionate (TP)/dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased the activities of all these enzymes in both lobes. Malate dehydrogenase maintained normal activity. Prl also had a stimulatory effect on the enzymes and was further enhanced when Prl was given in combination with TP/DHT. Unlike Prl, bromocriptine treatment inhibited all the enzymes in both lobes. Thus, prolactin was found to have a direct as well as a synergistic effect with androgens on enzymes of the pyruvate-malate cycle in the prostate of castrated mature monkeys.
 ...
PMID:Interaction of androgens and prolactin on prostatic enzymes of the pyruvate-malate cycle involved in lipogenesis in castrated mature monkey, Macaca radiata. 151 27

Acclimation of carp both to the temperature fall (from 20 to 5 degrees C) and rise (from 20 to 30 degrees C) induces an increase in activity of cytoplasmic liver NADPH-generating enzymes--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDG) and malic-enzyme (ME) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDG) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDG) activities are unchanged. Actinomycin D does not prevent cold activation of G6PDG but blocks activation of ME. "Warm" G6PDG has minimal Km value for glucose-6-phosphate and "warm" ME has minimal Km value for glucose-6-phosphate and "warm" ME has minimal Km value for malate at 25 degrees C "Cold" G6PDG and ME have the warmest Km values at 5 degrees C. Isozyme composition of cytoplasmic G6PDG (2 bands with Rf 0.16 and 0.20) does not change within the limits of 5-30 degrees C. The prolactin action on G6PDG and ME is similar to the effect of cold acclimation (activity increases Km value decreases, isozyme pattern (for G6PDG) remains unchanged). It is supposed that activation of G6PDG and ME during cold adaptation may be a result of the prolactin action on substrate-binding ability without changes in the enzyme biosynthesis and isozyme pattern.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of temperature acclimation on NADP-dependent dehydrogenase activity in the carp liver and various mechanisms of its regulation]. 323 95

The interaction of androgens and prolactin, the major factors regulating the male accessory sex organs, on the specific activity of seminal vesicular enzymes of the pyruvate/malate cycle were studied in castrated mature monkeys. Castration decreased the activity of these enzymes, including NADP+ isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP citrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase. Testosterone propionate (TP)/dihydrotestosterone given as replacement to castrates increased the activity of all these enzymes, except for malate dehydrogenase. Prolactin restored normal activity of ATP citrate lyase, malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase but not of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Prolactin had a specific control over MDH. Moreover, when prolactin was combined with androgens a further stimulatory influence was observed on fatty acid synthase activity. In order to prove the direct influence of prolactin on enzymes of the pyruvate/malate cycle, bromocriptine was administered and this inhibited all of the enzymes. Thus prolactin was found to have a direct, as well as a synergistic, action with androgens on enzymes of the pyruvate/malate cycle in the seminal vesicles of monkeys.
 ...
PMID:Effects of androgens, prolactin and bromocriptine on seminal vesicular enzymes of the pyruvate malate cycle involved in lipogenesis in castrated mature monkeys, Macaca radiata. 337 45

Prolactin (PRL) has an important role in the regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis in teleosts. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of PRL and GH on malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in Anabas testudineus. Ovine prolactin significantly inhibited ME, G6PDH and ICDH activities when administered in vivo compared to vehicle treated controls. In vivo administration of PRL reversed the action of bromocryptine on enzyme activities. Ovine growth hormone in vivo also modified the effect of bromocryptine but not to the level of prolactin. Combined action of PRL+GH in vivo was most effective in keeping the enzyme activities at normal level after bromocryptine treatment. Prolactin in vitro also reversed the action of bromocryptine on enzyme activities, while GH in vitro failed to do so. Hence, prolactin seems to have an inhibitory effect on lipid metabolism in this teleost. Combined action of PRL+GH is more prominent in in vivo conditions at low PRL levels. Dopaminergic pathways may be involved in the control of prolactin and to some extent on growth hormone secretion.
 ...
PMID:In vivo and in vitro effects of prolactin and growth hormone on lipid metabolism in a teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). 1129 Apr 58

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been found to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile and repress de novo fatty acid synthesis in mammary gland during lactation. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the antilipogenic effects of CLA have not been established. The cytosolic NADP+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) plays a critical role in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis by providing reducing equivalents as NADPH. In previous studies, we documented that the expression of IDH1 in bovine mammary epithelium was modulated by regulators of mammary differentiation and metabolic effectors. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of prolactin (PRL) and CLA on IDH1 expression in BME-UV bovine mammary epithelial cells. In time-course experiments, we found that the treatment with PRL for 60 and 90 min elicited a significant increase in IDH1 transcript levels. Conversely, the cotreatment of BME-UV cells with PRL plus a CLA mixture for 90 min prevented the accumulation of IDH1 mRNA induced by PRL. In addition, we found that the trans-10, cis-12 CLA, but not the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer, inhibited basal- and PRL-induced IDH1 mRNA expression. The inhibitory effects of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer on PRL-induced IDH1 expression accumulation were confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and western-blotting analysis. We propose that the inhibitory effects of CLA on milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells may derive, at least in part, from repression of IDH1 expression.
 ...
PMID:Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits prolactin-induced cytosolic NADP+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. 1705 94