Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase)
 4,591 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Natural populations of Daphnia magna have been found which are polymorphic for electrophoretic variants of supernatant malic dehydrogenase, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase. Using these enzyme variants as genetic markers it has been possible to demonstrate the absence of recombination during parthenogenetic reproduction. Genetic uniformity is expected within parthenogenetic clones derived from a single female.
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PMID:Inheritance during parthenogenesis in Daphnia magna. 505 30

Changes in the maximal rate of some enzymatic activities related to energy transduction (lactate dehydrogenase; citrate synthetase and malate dehydrogenase; total NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase) and others such as glutamate dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase were assayed both in the purified mitochondrial fraction and in the crude synaptosomal fraction from the cerebral cortex of rats. The evaluations were performed before and after a postdecapitative normothermic ischaemia of 5, 10, 20 and 40 min duration. The ischaemic damage resulted in a decrease in the activity of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and total NADH-cytochrome c reductase, and of synaptosomal acetylcholine esterase. The biochemical evaluations were performed also after an intraperitoneal pretreatment with vincamine TPS, trimetazidine DC and suloctidil (50 mg/kg). These drugs induced different changes in enzyme activities as a function of the duration of ischaemia. These various interferences are discussed with regard to the possible mode of action of the drugs.
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PMID:Effect of ischaemia and pharmacological treatment on enzyme activities of cortical mitochondria and synaptosomes. 609 68

Activities of 12 enzymes (amylase, lipase, cholinesterase, nonspecific carboxyl esterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase) were determined in the perienteric fluid and homogenate of Ascaris suum. With the exception of amylase, all activities were higher in the homogenate than in the perienteric fluid. The enzyme activities in the perienteric fluid were then compared with those in the human serum. Comparable activities were demonstrated for LDH, LAP, lipase and alkaline phosphatase, markedly higher activities in perienteric fluid were demonstrated for MDH, GOT, GPT and amylase, and much lower for cholinesterase. No gamma-GT activity was detected in the perienteric fluid.
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PMID:Activities of some enzymes in the perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum. 619 63

The technique of isoelectrofocusing has been used to compare culture forms of 12 stocks of T. cruzi isolated in different regions of Venezuela. The following seven enzymes have been used for the characterization: unspecific esterase (E.C.3.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.37), "malic enzyme" (E.C.1.1.1.40), hexokinase (E.C.2.7.1.1), phosphoglucomutase (E.C.2.7.5.1), glucosephosphate isomerase (E.C.5.3.1.9) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.49). The isoelectrofocusing method allows to determine reproducible enzyme patterns of high selectivity and with a number of bands. This permits to recognize possible differences within the T. cruzi-complex much easier than previous methods. The Venezuelan T. cruzi stocks showed a remarkable homogenous behaviour concerning the enzyme profiles. Most of them were identical. Different types seen for "malic enzyme", phosphoglucomutase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were observed in only three stocks, It was not possible to find a clear relationship between the types and the histories of stocks.
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PMID:The use of isoelectrofocusing in thin layer polyacrylamide and agarose gels as a method for the characterization of Venezuelan Trypanosoma cruzi stocks. 621 77

Culture forms of bat-trypanosomes of the species T. dionisii, T. vespertilionis and T.c. marinkellei were compared isoenzymatically by isoelectrofocusing. The enzymes tested were: nonspecific esterase (NSE, E.C.3.1.1.), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, E.C. 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD, E.C. 1.1.1.49), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI, E.C. 5.3.1.9), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, E.C. 1.1.1.37), alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (ADH, E.C. 1.1.1.2). Their enzyme types were related to those of T. cruzi. The comparison of enzyme patterns of the six enzymes has shown that each species was characterized by species-specific enzyme profiles. Among the stocks of the European species, T. dionisii, and T. vespertilionis, variations of the enzyme patterns of PGM, G-6-PD and GPI suggesting that the final status of this subspecies is probably not yet established. In relation to T. cruzi it has been found that T. dionisii showed identical enzyme profiles with group II of T. cruzi. For T. vespertilionis no enzyme types identical with T. cruzi were detectable. T.c. marinkellei showed only identical enzyme patterns to T. cruzi-group I by the enzymes NSE and GPI.
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PMID:Comparison of isoenzymes of some species of the subgenus schizotrypanum from bats by isoelectrofocusing. 622 26

The effect of chronic treatment (8 months) with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on rat brain was studied. The activity of some enzymes related to energy transduction (lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase; NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase) and neurotransmission (acetylcholine esterase) was evaluated both in the whole brain homogenate and/or in the crude mitochondrial fraction. A clear-cut decrease of acetylcholine esterase activity was observed, the decrease continuing even after treatment was discontinued. Effects on energy metabolism and on lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase are discussed.
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PMID:Acetylcholine esterase sensitivity to chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin and effects on cerebral enzymatic activities related to energy metabolism. 625 94

Changes in the maximal rate of some cerebral enzymatic activities related to 400ene transduction and neurotransmission (lactate dehydrogenase; citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase; total NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase; glutamate dehydrogenase; acetylcholine esterase) were assayed both in the crude or purified mitochondrial fraction and in the crude synaptosomal fraction from rat whole brain or cerebral cortex. The evaluations were performed in rats before and after a postdecapitative normothermic ischemia of 5, 10, 20 and 40 min duration. Modification observed in some of these activities wer discussed for comparison with other experimental results from different researchers. At present no definite conclusions can be drawn, but certainly the observed modifications in activity of enzymes are not passive but expression of deranged metabolism of ischemic neurons.
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PMID:Brain enzymes and ischemia. 626 30

The effects of complete ischemia and of in vivo pharmacological treatment with trimetazidine were studied on some enzymatic activities related to energy transduction: lactate dehydrogenase for anaerobic glycolysis; citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase for the Krebs' cycle; total NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase for the electron transport chain; glutamate dehydrogenase for amino acid metabolism and acetylcholine esterase for acetylcholine metabolism. These enzymatic activities were evaluated in brains of 10-day-old rats, at three different subcellular levels: homogenate in toto, purified mitochondrial fraction, crude, synaptosomal fraction. Complete normothermic post-decapitative ischemia of 30 min duration increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase in the homogenate in toto and increased the activities of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase in the purified mitochondrial fraction, the activities of the enzymes evaluated in the crude synaptosomal fraction being unaffected. The i.p. treatment with trimetazidine (at the dose level of 50 mg . kg-1) was without any significant effect on the tested enzymatic activities.
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PMID:Effects of ischemia and pharmacological treatment on subcellular fractions from neonatal rat brain. 628 22

Histochemical analysis for NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH and NADPH- tetrazoleum reductases and esterase was conducted on primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells. Enzyme activities were restricted to clusters of lipid laden cells (adipocytes). The number of enzyme reactive adipocytes increased with length of culture. Coverslips were partially coated with collagen to allow comparisons of cell differentiation on coated (C-glass) and uncoated glass (U-glass) surface. There were no reactions for NADH- and NADPH- tetrazoleum reductases (TR) in cells on C-glass whereas adipocytes and stromal cells on U-glass were reactive. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate (6PGDH) dehydrogenase activities were markedly demonstrated in both stromal cells and adipocytes on U-glass. Malate (MDH) and isocitrate (ICDH) dehydrogenase activities were higher in adipocytes than in stromal cells on the U-glass. Stromal cells on C-glass were either devoid of these enzymes (G6PDH, MDH, 6PGDH, ICDH) or activity was restricted to a small area of the cytoplasm. There were two levels of staining intensity in (MDH, ICDH, G6PDH, 6PGDH) adipocyte clusters on C-glass. Elimination of phenazine methosulphate from the NADP-dependent dehydrogenase medias and SDH media, caused a reduction in enzyme reactive adipocytes on the C-glass. This manipulation did not reduce the number of enzyme reactive cells on U-glass. Cells on C-glass and U-glass were distinctly different in esterase stained coverslips. These studies demonstrated enzyme histochemical reactions of adipocytes and stromal cells in primary culture that were dependent on the type of extracellular matrix. Furthermore, enzyme histochemistry was shown to be useful for delineating adipocytes from stromal cells in primary cultures.
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PMID:The histochemistry of developing adipocytes in primary stromal-vascular cultures of rat adipose tissue. 642 89

Until recently, no data on genetic polymorphisms in the populations living on the northern side of the Pyrenees have been available, except for the Basques. Several investigations were done lately on rural communities in various geographic zones in the Pyrenees from the eastern to the western part. In this paper, the results for the following enzyme polymorphisms are reported: acid phosphatases, AK, ADA, PGM1 and PGM2, 6PGD, NADH diaphorase, SOD, MDH, TGP, G6PD, C5 esterase (E2 locus), serum cholinesterase (E1 locus). Significant variation in gene frequencies was observed over the distinct geographic zones for the main polymorphic system. Furthermore, some rare alleles were found: a new G6PD variant (Luz-Saint-Sauveur), the presence of ADA3 and ADA5 alleles in two groups of the Central Pyrenees, a Dia2 gene among Basques and in the Pays de Sault, a high rate of Ea1 allele in the Basque group. The values obtained for the degree of heterozygosity are in agreement with the relative isolation of the different groups studied and confirm the importance of sociocultural factors in the evolution of the genetic background of rural communities in Europe.
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PMID:Study of red blood cell and serum enzymes in five Pyrenean communities and in a Basque population sample. 644 18


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