Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase)
 4,591 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method is described for the preparation of outer and cytoplasmic membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the outer membrane proteins characterized. Isolated outer and cytoplasmic membranes differed markedly in the content of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (lipopolysaccharide) and phospholipid as well as in the localization of certain enzymes (NADH oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, D-lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and phospholipase), and also in the microscopic morphology. The outer membrane preparation showed activity neutralizing a certain bacteriocin or bacteriophages, whereas the cytoplasmic membrane preparation showed no neutralizing activity. The protein composition of membrane preparations from five different strains of P. aeruginosa [P14, M92 (PAO1), PAC1, P15, and M2008 (PAT)] were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. More than 50 protein bands were detected in the cytoplasmic membrane preparation. The protein compositions of outer membranes from the five different strains were very similar: at least 6 major bands were found (apparent molecular weights: Band D, 50,000; band E, 45,000; band F, 33,000; bands G and H, 21,000; and band I, 8,000). The protein composition of outer membranes was affected by some physiological growth conditions. Some features of major outer membrane proteins were also studied. Band F showed anomalous migration on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis depending on the solubilizing conditions or pretreatment with TCA. Band I seemed to be a protein analogous to the lipoprotein which had been found in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.
 ...
PMID:Separation and characterization of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 9 43

Yeast mutants deficient in the constitutive ADHI (adc 1) were used for the isolation of mutants with deficiencies of the intermediary carbon metabolism, and of mutants defective in carbon catabolite derepression. Mutants were recognized by their inability to grow on YEP-glycerol and/or on ethanol synthetic complete medium. They were either defective in isocitrate lyase (ic11), succinate dehydrogenase (sdh1), or malate dehydrogenase (mdh1, mdh2), mdh-mutants could not uniformely be appointed to one of the known MDH isozymes. Homozygous mdh and sdh1 diploids are unable to sporulate. Three gene loci could be identified by mutants pleiotropically defective in many or all of the enzymes tested In ccr 1 mutants, derepression of isocitrate lyase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, ADHII and possibly of the cytoplasmic MDH is prevented, whereas the mitochondrial TCA-cycle enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, are not significantly affected. CCR2 and CCR3 have quite similar action spectra. Both genes are obviously necessary for derepression of all enzymes tested. It could be shown that ccr1, ccr2 and ccr3 mutants are not respiratory deficient.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of yeast mutants defective in intermediary carbon metabolism and in carbon catabolite derepression. 19 91

Histochemical studies on the activities of alpha-GPDH, LDH, SDH and MDH in liver have been carried out during the different phases of tail regeneration in the lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Changes in the metabolic activities of the liver during regeneration indicate that during the initial phases of regeneration (namely, wound healing and blastema formation) the energetics of the hepatic tissue are anaerobically oriented, but later (i.e. during the growth phase) the TCA cycle appears to be predominant.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in liver dehydrogenases during tail regeneration in the gekkonid lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis. 50 Apr 87

Metabolism of glucose and L-amino acids in an obligately aerobic marine bacterium isolated from Pacific mackerel intestines was investigated for the mechanism and pathway of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) biosynthesis. This bacterium could not uptake glucose but the cell-free extract of this bacterium had the enzymatic activities of L-alanine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.2), L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1). L-serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.13), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40), and of seven enzymes involved in the TCA cycle of the usual aerobes. On the other hand, the carbon-13 concentration in cellular fatty acids of the bacterium, especially that in their methyl carbon atoms in contrast to their carbonyl carbons, increased drastically when the bacterium was grown in the presence of 13CH3COONa. These results indicate that: (i) the TCA cycle works in this bacterium, (ii) glucose is not utilized and pyruvic acid is in vivo synthesized from L-alanine, L-serine, and malic acid, and (iii) EPA and other cellular fatty acids are in vivo synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A by the usual de novo synthesis route.
 ...
PMID:Metabolism of L-amino acids in a marine bacterium isolated from mackerel intestines in relation to eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis. 136 63

Adult mice, Mus booduga were fed orally with bennzenehexachloride (BHC) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight every day for 1, 5 and 15 days. Significant decrease in the pyruvate content was observed at all periods of treatment. In support of this increase in lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was noticed in all the three tissues. Enzymes of TCA cycle namely isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were inhibited suggesting abnormality in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as a consequence of BHC toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Changes in the carbohydrate metabolism in the selected tissues of Mus booduga gray after BHC treatment. 172 96

Several key enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were assayed in Setaria digitata. In the cytosolic fraction pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were found. Among the TCA cycle enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, fumarase (malate dehydration), malate dehydrogenase (malate oxidation and oxaloacetate reduction) and malic enzyme (malate decarboxylation) were detected in the mitochondrial fraction. Only reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase were found in the mitochondrial fraction. The significance of these results with respect to the metabolic capabilities of the worm are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in the adult filarial worm Setaria digitata. 177 15

The possible physiological role of estrogen in the regulation of energy metabolism of epididymis and vas deferens of rhesus monkey was investigated. A few selected key enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase) and TCA cycle (succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase) were measured in these two organs of (a) castrated estrogen treated, (b) castrated estrogen + dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treated animals and compared with those in castrated and castrated + DHT treated animals. Results reveal that DHT stimulated the activities of all these enzymes whereas estrogen failed to stimulate any of the enzymes in castrated animals. However, estrogen in combination with DHT caused a marked stimulation of the enzymes and the response of the epididymis and vas deferens to combination treatment was significantly more than that caused by DHT alone. The results suggest that circulating estrogen in male has a physiological role and acts synergistically with androgen in regulating accessory sex organ function.
 ...
PMID:Androgen-estrogen synergy in the regulation of energy metabolism in epididymis and vas deferens of rhesus monkey. 181 87

Alterations in the rat brain carbohydrate and related metabolisms were studied during acute and chronic acephate toxicity. The rats were divided into three batches of eight in each batch. The first batch was treated with chronic (50 mg.Kg-1.day-1 for 7 weeks) and second batch was treated with acute (600 mg.Kg-1.day-1 for one day) doses of acephate, third group was served as control which received vehicle only. The representative enzymes like SDH, MDH, LDH, GDH, AAT and AlAT activities were decreased significantly during chronic treatment. Whereas MDH, LDH, AAT and AlAT activities showed significant increase during acute treatment. The glycogen and pyruvate levels showed nonsignificant elevation and lactate and total carbohydrate levels were depleted in the brains of chronic acephate treated rats. Reverse trend was observed with regard to lactate and pyruvate during acute toxicity whereas the total carbohydrates and glycogen levels were significantly elevated. The decreased oxidative potential and reduced flux of ketoacids into TCA cycle through transamination reactions indicate that acephate caused energy crisis in the brain during chronic treatment. During acute treatment the inhibited succinate oxidation was compensated by the ketoacid contributions through transamination reactions. The neuro transmitter balance with particular reference to glutamate during toxic stress was reflected through the GDH levels in both the treatments.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in glycolytic and oxidative potentials of rat brain during acute and chronic acephate treatments. 195 6

Studies on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) enzymes of Penetrocephalus ganapatii reveal that the TCA cycle is only partially operative, as some of the enzymes at the start of the cycle viz. citrate synthase, aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are found to be low in their activities. The high activities of malate dehydrogenase and fumarase, showing affinity towards a reverse direction, indicate that the TCA cycle operates in the reverse direction resulting in the formation of fumarate. The low succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase ratio suggests that ATP generation may occur at site I of the respiratory chain during the reduction of fumarate into succinate.
 ...
PMID:Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes of a pseudophyllid cestode Penetrocephalus ganapatii. 233 84

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) (PEP-C) was purified approximately 770-fold from the mollicute Acholeplasma laidlawii B-PG9. The partially purified PEP-C required phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and MnCl2 at pH 7.4 or MgCl2 at pH 8.6 for optimal activity. The product is oxaloacetate as detected by a malate dehydrogenase indicator system. The KmA (PEP variable) was 0.66 mM and the KmB (bicarbonate variable) was 1.02 mM. At low bicarbonate concentrations (0.5 mM), PEP-C activity was stimulated approximately 240% by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Aspartate was a non-competitive inhibitor of PEP-C activity. The KiA (PEP variable) for aspartate was 0.69 mM and the KiB (bicarbonate variable) was 0.99 mM. Malate, citrate, isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, acetyl-CoA, CMP, CDP, GDP, GTP, ADP and ATP had no effect on the PEP-C reaction. The Hill interaction coefficient was 0.98-1.11. The molecular mass by sucrose density gradient analysis was 353 kDa; by gel filtration chromatography it was 384 kDa. The Stokes radius was about 7.4 nm. PEP-C activity and its inhibition by aspartate in Acholeplasma laidlawii B-PG-9 extracts may reflect an involvement of this enzyme in the interdependent regulation of protein, lipid and nucleic acid precursor metabolism of this TCA-cycle-deficient and cytochrome-less mollicute.
 ...
PMID:The anaplerotic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of the tricarboxylic acid cycle deficient Acholeplasma laidlawii B-PG9. 261 82


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>