Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.1.1.3 (HSD)
 3,464 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The male reproductive cycle of Channa gachua from fresh water tanks around Dharwad (North 15 degrees 27' latitude, East 75 degrees 01' longitude) is investigated by a) recording the gonosomatic index, every month, over a period 2 consecutive years and b) studying the histological structure of the testis during this period. Based on this study, the fish is suggested to breed twice in a year. The 1st breeding phase coincides with the South-West monsoons and the 2nd with the convectional rains in the month of March. Though C. gachua shows 2 breeding periods, the spermatogenic activity is a continuous process in this fish. The presence of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSDH) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) is demonstrated in the interstitial tissue which indicates its steroidogenic potential.
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PMID:Histological and histochemical studies on the testicular cycle of a fresh water teleost Channa gachua (Hamilton). 29 70

The hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: beta-HSDH, 20 beta-HSDH, and 3 alpha-HSDH, were immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose. The effect of various immobilization conditions on the activity recovery and stability were examined. The presence of cofactor during the immobilization reaction increased the activity recovery (40--60% of the total) and also led to materials highly stable in the presence of organic solvents. For example, beta-HSDH maintained 60% of its original activity two months after continuous use in the water--ethyl-acetate system. Kinetic experiments showed that the increase of the apparent Km values is poor and demonstrated that the organic solvent behaves as a weak inhibitor (ki greater than 0.2M) for the substrate. The immobilized enzymes lyophilized in the presence of sucrose had full activity restored even after several months storage at room temperature. Immobilized hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were shown to be suitable for preparative transformation of steroids in water--organic solvent systems.
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PMID:Immobilized hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases for the transformation of steroids in water--organic solvent systems. 42 61

In an attempt to study the renal effects of Calcitonin (porcine CT) in the rabbit, the excreted fractions of filtered water, osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride, and the calcium and phosphorus urinary excretions were studied during isotonic (ISD) and hypertonic (HSD) saline diuresis. Four doses (0.1, 0.8, 4 and 20 IU MRC/kg were perfused during one hour in I.S.D.; 4 and 20 IU MRC/kg in HSD. During ISD, Calcitonin at doses of 4 and 20 IU MRC/kg/hr significantly increased the diuresis and the Na+, Cl-, K+, PO4 3-, Ca2+ excreted fractions. This effect was also observed, to a lesser extent, at a dose of 0.8 IU MRC/kg/hr, whereas 0.1 IU MRC/kg/hr produced no significant effect. During ISD, a log dose related effect of CT appeared to exist with all studied parameters. Moreover, a biphasic pattern of free-water clearance was observed during ISD: this parameter increased during the first half hour of CT perfusion, and then decreased dramatically. During HSD, CT perfusion induced a decrease of free-water reabsorption and urinary osmolality/plasma osmolality ratio. These results suggest that the diuretic effect and saliuretic effect of CT (in the rabbit) are mainly the consequence of the decrease of the proximal reabsorption of sodium. The possibility of a second site of action is discussed. The diuretic effects of CT are compared to data observed with the well-known diuretic drugs.
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PMID:Calcitonin diuretic effect in the rabbit. 68 Jun 32

The effects of the selective delta peptide, DPDPE ([2-D-penicillamine,5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin), on morphine-induced EEG and EEG power spectra were assessed. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with cortical EEG electrodes and permanent indwelling ICV and IV cannulae. Rats were pretreated with ICV sterile water or ICV DPDPE at 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 nmol, 10 min before receiving IV morphine at 3 mg/kg. The treatments produced high voltage EEG bursts and associated behavioral stupor. The EEG data were further analyzed on a Pathfinder II computer and statistical analysis of EEG spectral parameters was performed by using a one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey's HSD. ICV DPDPE at 2.5 nmol and 5.0 nmol significantly increased EEG absolute global spectral power. Furthermore, ICV DPDPE at 2.5 and 5.0 nmol significantly increased the duration of morphine-induced high voltage EEG bursts. These data further indicate an in vivo interaction between mu and delta opioid receptors.
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PMID:Mu-delta opioid interactions. I: The delta peptide, DPDPE, increases morphine-induced EEG and EEG spectral power. 133 98

This study was performed to determine whether resuscitation with a single bolus of 7.5% NaCl/6% Dextran 70 (hypertonic saline/Dextran, HSD) could restore renal function following hemorrhage. Chronically instrumented, conscious pigs were hemorrhaged 28 ml/kg. This level of hemorrhage reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) to nearly half, renal blood flow (RBF) to approximately 25%, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine flow (V) to less than 10% of their initial values. A single, 4 ml/kg bolus injection of HSD increased MAP and RBF to approximately 80% of baseline values and restored CO and GFR to levels which were significantly different from control values. These improvements were sustained for 2 h with no further treatment. Urine flow transiently increased although not to pre-hemorrhage values, and then subsided. Plasma osmolality increased from 275 to 282 mOsm/kg H2O, and plasma sodium increased from 141 to 149 mEq/l. Recovery following administration of an equal volume of normal saline was significantly less for all variables. Euvolemic animals showed no response in MAP, CO, RBF, or GFR when treated with HSD although V, osmotic and sodium excretion increased. These results demonstrate that resuscitation with HSD following hemorrhage not only restores MAP and CO, but maintains renal function as well.
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PMID:Hypertonic saline/dextran improves renal function after hemorrhage in conscious swine. 170 8

This study evaluated resuscitation of endotoxin shock with 7.5% hypertonic saline dextran (HSD 2400 mOsm) by measuring hemodynamic and regional blood flow responses. Endotoxin challenge (1 mg/kg) in adult dogs caused a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular +/- dP/dt max, and regional blood flow (radioactive microspheres). Cardiocirculatory dysfunction and acid-base derangements persisted throughout the experimental period in untreated endotoxin shock (group 1, n = 10). In contrast both regimens of fluid resuscitation (group 2, n = 11: bolus of 4 mL/kg HSD followed by a constant infusion of lactated Ringer's [LR] to maintain MABP and CO at baseline values; group 3, n = 10; LR alone given as described for group 2) improved regional perfusion and corrected acid-base disturbances similarly in all dogs. Hypertonic saline dextran enhanced all indices of cardiac contraction and relaxation more than LR alone. The total volume of LR required to maintain MABP and CO at baseline values was less in the HSD group (59.2 +/- 6.8 mL/kg) than in the LR alone group (158 +/- 16 mL/kg, p = 0.01). The net fluid gain (infused volume minus urine output and normalized for kilogram body weight) was five times greater in the LR (24.8 +/- 6.2 mL/kg) than in the HSD group (4.6 +/- 1.2 mL/kg, p = 0.01). Lung water was similar in all dogs, regardless of the regimen of fluid resuscitation. Hypertonic saline dextran effectively resuscitates endotoxin shock in this canine model.
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PMID:Small-volume hypertonic saline dextran resuscitation from canine endotoxin shock. 171 91

The effects of administration of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate between the 2nd and 5th day of life on body weight, ovarian weight, food and water consumption, and the histochemical activity of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) were studied in female Wistar rats during the evolution of experimental micropolycystic ovaries. Biometric studies showed a 9.9 day delay of vaginal opening for the treated animals and that the increased body weight of the animals during the disease was not related to food intake and thus presumably due to the induced metabolic disorder. Reduced histochemical activity of the 17 beta-HSD of testosterone-treated rats was detected at ages 30, 60 and 90 days before the onset of morphological alterations of the ovaries. The possible participation of 17 beta-HSD in the disequilibrium between androstenedione and testosterone and in the genesis of the disease is discussed.
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PMID:Experimental micropolycystic ovarian disease. I. Measurement of body weight, ovarian weight and histochemical activity of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. 303 Apr 83

Experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism by which dietary alfalfa can protect against zearalenone toxicosis. Female weanling rats were fed semipurified diets containing whole alfalfa meal, fractionated alfalfa meal (fiber, solvent extract, and water extract), and purified components of alfalfa (coumestrol, saponin, lignin, coumestrol + lignin, and saponin + lignin) with and without 250 mg zearalenone/kg of diet. All ingredients were provided for 2 weeks at levels corresponding to those found in diets containing 15 and 25% alfalfa. Yorkshire gilts were fed 15 and 25% alfalfa meal with and without 10 mg zearalenone/kg of diet for 4 weeks. The feeding of zearalenone to rats reduced growth and food consumption but this was overcome by 25% alfalfa. Zearalenone also increased the activity of hepatic 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD), the enzyme believed to metabolize zearalenone to alpha- and beta-zearalenols. Dietary alfalfa did not overcome this effect. Alfalfa fiber was the only fraction to partially overcome the growth-depressing effects of zearalenone while the other fractions had no beneficial effects and 3 alpha-HSD was not affected by diet. None of the purified components affected growth parameters or 3 alpha-HSD. The enzyme was also not affected by zearalenone or alfalfa in swine diets. Coumestrol, alpha-zearalenone, and beta-zearalenone were shown to be competitive inhibitors of 3 alpha-HSD in rat liver. It was concluded that the fiber fraction of alfalfa protects against zearalenone toxicity, and that this effect is not dependent on coumestrol or saponin and is not likely mediated through 3 alpha-HSD.
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PMID:Effect of whole and fractionated dietary alfalfa meal on zearalenone toxicosis and metabolism in rats and swine. 609 71

This study presents the first evidence that the non-hormonal, biological substance, 1,2,3- trihydroxypropane (THP) acts as a selective and potent antispermatogenic agent without any apparent toxic or endocrine side effects. The studies were done on 119 rats which were injected intratesticularly (50-200 microliter) with either sterile filtered distilled water (Control) or water/THP (3:7; Treated) and histological, biochemical and fertility determinations were made up to 11 weeks after the injections. The results show that within one week of a single injection with THP, the weights of testes and epididymides are significantly less than those of the Controls and the reduced weights persist for at least 11 weeks. The seminiferous tubules are largely depleted of spermatogenetic cells by 2 weeks and they remain devoid of dividing germ cells for the 11 week period. The Leydig cells have a normal appearance and histochemically show the same 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) and 3 beta-HSD activities as Controls. In vitro studies of the testes showed that the activities of the steroid enzymes 20 alpha-HSD, 17 beta-HSD, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17-20-lyase and the production of testosterone and androstenedione were not altered by the THP treatment. Similarly, serum levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH, measured by RIA, and weights of the prostate and seminal vesicles were the same as in Controls. Treated males showed the same degree of sexual behaviour and mating frequency as the Controls, but after the 3rd mating were 100% infertile for the duration of the experiments. The total number of sperm in epididymides of Treated rats was reduced by 99.99% after the 3rd mating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Suppression of spermatogenesis without inhibition of steroidogenesis by a 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane solution. 642 45

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.3.4.) activity and cell membrane fluidity measured by fluorescence polarization using 1,6 diphenyl, 1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescent probe have been concomitantly examined in HTC hepatoma cells, both in relation to growth rate and in response to treatment with hydroxylated sterols. A high level of HMG-CoA reductase activity was observed in cells at log phase of growth which progressively decreased to reach a sustained low level at stationary phase. Similarly, membrane fluidity markedly decreased in relation to growth rate. Hydroxylated sterols such as 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol strongly inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity whereas a water-soluble derivative of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol sodium 3,7-bishemisuccinate had no effect. Within the same range of concentrations 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol strongly decreased membrane fluidity when the water-soluble derivative was ineffective. Thus, the present results provide evidence for a correlation between the two tested parameters and suggest a dependency of HMG-CoA reductase activity on cell membrane fluidity.
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PMID:Growth-rate-related and hydroxysterol-induced changes in membrane fluidity of cultured hepatoma cells: correlation with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase activity. 653 90


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