Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.3 (HSD)
 3,464 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma, erythrocyte and leukocyte lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were investigated in 36 healthy non-drinkers aged between 18-55 years (mean 38.7) and 72 alcohol drinkers aged between 20-48 years (mean 35.3) in order to determine the oxidative effect of alcohol. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation of the drinkers (measured in terms of MDA) was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to that of controls. However, when Tukey-HSD and F test with ANOVA were performed, that significance disappears in those who consume less than 140 g of alcohol per day and persists in those who consume more than 140 g of alcohol per day (P < 0.05). Plasma GGT level was significantly increased compared to that of controls (P < 0.001). Also, there was a significant (P = 0.01) correlation between serum GGT level and the amount of alcohol. There were no significant differences between all the other parameters of both groups. Reduced lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes without any accompanying increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes shows that another mechanism might be responsible for this finding. This mechanism was thought to be an alteration in lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes.
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PMID:Effect of moderate alcohol intake on lipid peroxidation in plasma, erythrocyte and leukocyte and on some antioxidant enzymes. 943 42

In the present study, 30 male rats (age 3 mos, Wt 128.6 +/- 3.7 g) were randomly divided into Control group (CG), Experimental group (EG), and Supplemented group (SG), 10 per group. An exercise protocol (3 hrs swimming per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks) was followed in EG and SG, with no exercise in CG. In SG, alpha-tocopherol succinate was injected sub-cutaneously at a dose of 50 mg x kg(- 1) per body weight per day. After 4 weeks of exercise, significant diminutions (p < 0.05) were noted in somatic indices of testes and accessory sex organs; seminiferous tubuler diameter (STD); testicular (delta (5), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta(5), 3 beta-HSD), 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) activities; plasma levels of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH); preleptotine spermatocytes (pLSc), mid-pachytene spermatocytes (mPSc), and Stage 7 spermatids (7 Sd); testicular alpha-tocopherol and glutathione (GSH) content; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities in EG when compared to CG. Moreover, a significant elevation (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) was found in testes of EG compared to CG. No significant alteration was noted in body weight among the groups. Co-administration of alpha-tocopherol succinate restored the above parameters. Intensive swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress causes dysfunction in the male reproductive system, which can be protected by alpha-tocopherol succinate.
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PMID:Intensive swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress and reproductive dysfunction in male wistar rats: protective role of alpha-tocopherol succinate. 1506 26

The study tested the effects of phenolics-rich extracts from the plants Silybum marianum (silymarin) and Prunella vulgaris (PVE) on blood and liver antioxidant status and lipoprotein metabolism. Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats fed on standard diet (STD) or high-sucrose diet (HSD, 70cal% of sucrose) for two weeks were used. HSD doubled plasma and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) and increased plasma VLDL-TAG and VLDL-cholesterol compared to STD. Administration of silymarin or PVE as 1% dietary supplements in HSD did not influence lipid levels in plasma or liver, but both extracts caused decrease in plasma VLDL-cholesterol levels. HSD-induced oxidative stress was manifested in increased TBARS and conjugated dienes (CD) content, decreased GSH levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in blood and liver. In blood the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased, whereas in liver the activity of catalase increased after HSD. Feeding on HSD containing phenolics-rich extracts resulted in reduction of TBARS and CD content and in increase of blood GPX activity and elevated GSH content in liver. Besides, silymarin increased the activity of SOD and level of GSH in blood. Catalase activity in blood or liver was not influenced by the presence of plant extracts in the diet. These results indicate that silymarin and PVE improve antioxidant status in blood and liver and positively affect plasma lipoprotein profile in an experimental model of dietary induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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PMID:Phenolics-rich extracts from Silybum marianum and Prunella vulgaris reduce a high-sucrose diet induced oxidative stress in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. 1517 99

This study describes the induction of chemosterilization in three groups each of six adult male Black Bengal goats at 30 days after a single bilateral intratesticular injection of a calcium chloride (CaCl(2), 2H(2)O) solution at the doses of 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight/testis, always in a 2 ml volume of normal saline. Another one group of animals received only 2 ml of normal saline per testis as a control. The induction of chemosterilization was measured using relative testicular weight as well as histomorphological parameters including seminiferous tubular architecture and germ cell association in seminiferous tubules along with morphology of the interstitial space. Biochemical markers included activities of testicular Delta(5), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Delta(5), 3beta-HSD), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as monitoring the level of testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes and reduced glutathione (GSH) content along with plasma concentrations of testosterone, LH and FSH. Histomorphological measures of testes showed total necrosis of testicular tissue at 30 days after an injection of either 20 or 40 mg CaCl(2) along with fibrosis in seminiferous tubules and interstitial spaces. Infiltration of leucocytes was observed with the 40 mg dose. Disintegration of germ cell arrangement in seminiferous tubules and washing out of germ cells from the tubules were noted with the 10mg dose. Relative organ weights, plasma concentrations of testosterone, testicular activities of Delta(5), 3beta-HSD, 17beta-HSD, catalase, GPx, GST, and SOD and testicular contents of GSH all were declined. Increases occurred in testicular TBARS, conjugated dienes and plasma concentrations of LH and FSH with each of the treatments by comparison with the control group. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and fasting blood sugar level as well as packed cell volume (PCV) and total plasma protein were recorded to monitor the changes of chronic stress in the experimental animals. Changes in these parameters were not significant. An intratesticular injection of calcium chloride at specified doses could be a suitable method of sterilization in preference to surgical castration of goats.
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PMID:Evaluation of single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization of male Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus): a dose-dependent study. 1572 61

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are global pollutants of major concern to human and animal reproductive health. The present study has examined the impact of Aroclor 1254 exposure on oxidative stress and testicular Leydig cell function. Adult albino male rats of the Wistar strain were dosed for 30 days with daily intraperitoneal injections of 2 mg/kg Aroclor 1254 or vehicle (corn oil). One day after the last treatment, animals were euthanized and blood collected for the assay of serum testosterone and estradiol. Testes were removed and Leydig cells were isolated for the assay of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors, steroidogenic enzymes cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450 scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD). Cellular antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also assayed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified. Results showed that Aroclor 1254 exposure lowered serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Leydig cell LH receptor density, activities of the steroidogenic enzymes P450 scc, 3beta-HSD, 17beta-HSD, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, and GST were significantly diminished whereas, LPO and ROS significantly elevated. Taken together, these results suggest that inefficient LH receptors, steroidogenic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes are possible mechanisms by which Aroclor 1254 treatment disrupts Leydig cell steroidogenesis.
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PMID:The inhibitory effects of polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 on Leydig cell LH receptors, steroidogenic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in adult rats. 1580 95

Free radical production and lipid peroxidation are potentially important mediators in testicular physiology and toxicology. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are global environmental contaminants that cause disruption of the endocrine system in human and animals. The present study was conducted to elucidate the protective role of vitamin C and E against Aroclor 1254-induced changes in Leydig cell steroidogenesis and antioxidant system. Adult male rats were dosed for 30 days with daily intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 2 mg/kg Aroclor or vehicle (corn oil). One group of rats was treated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg bw/day) while the other group was treated with vitamin E (50 mg/kg bw/day) orally, simultaneously with Aroclor 1254 for 30 days. One day after the last treatment, animals were euthanized and blood was collected for the assay of serum hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), testosterone and estradiol. Testes were quickly removed and Leydig cells were isolated in aseptic condition. Purity of Leydig cells was determined by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) staining method. Purified Leydig cells were used for quantification of cell surface LH receptors and steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome P(450) side chain cleavage enzyme (P(450)scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta- HSD). Leydig cellular enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and E were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also estimated in Leydig cells. Aroclor 1254 treatment significantly reduced the serum LH, TSH, PRL, T(3), T(4), testosterone and estradiol. In addition to this, Leydig cell surface LH receptors, activities of the steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome P(450)scc, 3beta-HSD, 17beta-HSD, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, gamma-GT, GST and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and E were significantly diminished whereas, LPO and ROS were markedly elevated. However, the simultaneous administration of vitamin C and E in Aroclor 1254 exposed rats resulted a significant restoration of all the above-mentioned parameters to the control level. These observations suggest that vitamin C and E have ameliorative role against adverse effects of PCB on Leydig cell steroidogenesis.
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PMID:Studies on the protective role of vitamin C and E against polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254)--induced oxidative damage in Leydig cells. 1629 53

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that disturb normal endocrine functions, including gonadal functions in humans and mammals. In the present study, we examined the direct effects of PCB on rat Leydig cells in vitro. Adult Leydig cells were purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation method and the purity of Leydig cells was also determined by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) staining method. Purified Leydig cells were exposed to different concentrations (10(- 10)-10(- 7) M) of PCB (Aroclor 1254) for 24 h under basal and LH-stimulated conditions. After the experimental period, cultured media were collected and used for the assay of testosterone and estradiol. The treated cells were used for the quantification of cell-surface LH receptors and activities of steroidogenic enzymes, such as cytochrome P(450) side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3beta-HSD, and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD). Leydig cellular enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also estimated in Leydig cells. In addition, total RNA was isolated from control and Aroclor 1254-exposed Leydig cells to monitor the steady-state mRNA levels by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR for steroidogenic acute-regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450scc, 3beta-HSD, and 17beta-HSD. Our results indicated that Aroclor 1254 (10(- 9), 10(- 8), and 10(- 7) M) treatments significantly inhibit basal and LH-stimulated testosterone and estradiol production. In addition, the activities of steroidogenic enzymes, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were significantly diminished in a dose-dependent manner. However, LPO and ROS were elevated in a dose-dependent manner under basal and LH-stimulated conditions. RT-PCR analysis of StAR mRNA level showed a decrease only in 10(- 7) M dose of Aroclor 1254 treatment, while cytochrome P(450)scc, 3beta-HSD, and 17beta-HSD mRNAs were drastically decreased in both 10(- 8) and 10(- 7) M Aroclor 1254 treatment. These findings suggest that PCBs can act directly on Leydig cells to diminish testosterone production by inhibiting gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and antioxidant system.
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PMID:Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on steroidogenesis and antioxidant system in cultured adult rat Leydig cells. 1728 32

Carbendazim (methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate, MBC) a metabolite of benomyl is one of the most widespread environmental contaminant of major concern to human and animal reproductive health. The present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of carbendazim exposure on Leydig cell functions. Adult albino male rats of the Wistar strain were administered with carbendazim (25 mg/(kg (body weight)/day)) orally for 48 days. The control animals received vehicle (corn oil) alone. Another group of rats were treated with carbendazim and the same was withdrawn for a further period of 48 days. After the treatment period, rats were euthanized and blood was collected for the assay of serum hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone and estradiol. Testes were immediately removed and Leydig cells were isolated in aseptic condition. Purified Leydig cells were used for quantification of steroidogenic enzymes such as 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD). Leydig cellular enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and beta-carotene (vitamin A) were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also quantified. Carbendazim exposure had no effect on body weight, serum LH and prolactin. However, testis weight, serum testosterone and estradiol were significantly decreased. In addition to this, Leydig cellular activities of steroidogenic enzymes such as 3beta-HSD, 17beta-HSD, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST, gamma-GT, G-6-PDH and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH, vitamins E, C and A were significantly diminished, whereas LPO and ROS were markedly elevated. All these above-mentioned parameters from the animals after withdrawal of MBC treatment were similar to those of the control group. Thus, the present study suggests that chronic low dose treatment of MBC is capable of inducing reproductive toxicity through increased oxidative stress, but is transient and reversible upon withdrawal of treatment.
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PMID:Modulation of antioxidant defense system by the environmental fungicide carbendazim in Leydig cells of rats. 1748 93

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that in humans and animals disturb normal endocrine functions including gonadal functions. The present studies were aimed at determining the direct effects of PCB on Leydig cell testosterone production and antioxidant system in vitro. Adult Leydig cells were purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation method and the purity of Leydig cells was also determined by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) staining method. Purified Leydig cells were exposed to different concentrations (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) of PCB (Aroclor 1254) for 6 and 12 h under basal and LH-stimulated conditions. After incubation, the cultured media were collected and used for the assay of testosterone. The treated cells were used for quantification of cell surface LH receptors and activity of steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3beta-HSD and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD). In addition, Leydig cellular enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and E were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also estimated in Leydig cells. The results indicated that Aroclor 1254 (10(-8) and 10(-7) M) treatments significantly inhibit basal and LH-stimulated testosterone production. In addition to this, the activity of steroidogenic enzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were significantly diminished in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the LPO and ROS were elevated in a dose- and time-dependent manner under basal and LH-stimulated conditions. These findings suggest that PCBs can act directly on Leydig cells to inhibit testosterone biosynthesis by reducing steroidogenic enzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
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PMID:Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) inhibits testosterone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cultured rat Leydig cells. 1850 95

Mentha spicata Labiatae, commonly known as spearmint, can be used for various kinds of illnesses in herbal medicines and food industries. One of the prominent functions of this plant extract is its anti-androgenic activity. The present study investigated the probable correlation between oxidative stress in hypothalamic region and anti-androgenic action of this plant's aqueous extract on rats. Decreased activities of enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in hypothalamus of treated rats indicated spearmint induced oxidative stress. Further RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis demonstrated the decreased expression of some of the steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450scc, cytochrome P450C17, 3beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) and other related proteins like, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, androgen receptor and scavenger receptor class B-1. Further, in vitro enzyme assays demonstrated depressed activities of testicular 3beta-HSD and 17beta-HSD enzymes. Histopathology indicated a decreased sperm density in cauda epididymis and degeneration of ductus deference. Our study suggested that spearmint probably induced oxidative stress in hypothalamus resulting in decreased synthesis of LH and FSH which in turn down-regulated the production of testicular testosterone through the disruption of a number of intermediate cascades.
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PMID:Spearmint induced hypothalamic oxidative stress and testicular anti-androgenicity in male rats - altered levels of gene expression, enzymes and hormones. 1880 13


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