Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.1.1.3 (
HSD
)
3,464
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
An extensive study of the optical absorption spectra of the blue fluorescent protein (BFP) is presented. We investigate different protonation states of the chromophore (neutral, anionic, and cationic) and analyze the role of the protein environment and of thermal fluctuations. The role of the environment is 2-fold: (i) it induces structural modifications of the gas-phase chromophore, the most important being the torsion of the imida rings; and (ii) it makes a local-field modification of the external electromagnetic field. It turns out that the torsion of the imida rings shifts significantly the gas-phase spectra to lower energies, whereas the consistent inclusion of the closest residues field produces only minor modifications on the spectra. From all of the configurations studied, the neutral cis-
HSD
and the anionic HSA seem to be the most likely candidates to explain the experimental spectrum. Furthermore, the present results clearly rule out the presence of the cationic protonation state (
HSP
) of the chromophore. However, a better description of the measured experimental absorption data may be obtained when the temperature fluctuations of the floppy torsional motion of the two imida rings are included. Our results, together with previous work on the green fluorescent protein, demonstrate the power of combining time-dependent density functional calculations and optical absorption measurements to discern the relevant chemical information on the nature and state of chromopeptides.
...
PMID:Optical absorption of the blue fluorescent protein: a first-principles study. 1613 Dec 11
This is a case report of a gentleman with an intellectual impairment who presented with both hereditary spastic paraplegia (
HSD
) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), a combination that has not yet been described in the professional literature. A limited number of articles have suggested an association between
HSP
and an organic personality disorder. We describe the case of a gentleman who was diagnosed with BPAD in his early adult life and displayed neurological symptoms of
HSP
at around the same time. Diagnosis of both
HSP
and BPAD can be difficult and is further compounded by an intellectual impairment. Treatment options may be limited by the propensity of many psychotropic medications to cause movement disorders and thus worsening neurological symptoms.
...
PMID:Hereditary spastic paraplegia, bipolar affective disorder and intellectual disability: a case report. 1833
The tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were fixed at the stretched or shortened positions to examine the influence of muscle length on muscle atrophy. Mice were divided into control (C), hindlimb suspension (HS), hindlimb suspension with ankle joint fixation at the maximum dorsiflexion (
HSD
), and hindlimb suspension with ankle joint fixation at the maximum plantarflexion (
HSP
). During the hindlimb suspension, the length of these muscles in the HS and
HSP
groups was very similar. Fourteen days after the hindlimb suspension, the atrophy of the tibialis anterior muscle in the HS and
HSP
groups was evidently milder than that in the
HSD
group, and that in the HS and
HSP
groups was very similar, suggesting that atrophy of the tibialis anterior muscle might largely depend on muscle length. Atrophy of the soleus muscle in the
HSD
group was milder than that in the HS and
HSP
groups, indicating that atrophy of the soleus muscle might also depend on muscle length. But atrophy of this muscle in the
HSP
group was milder than that in the HS group. These results demonstrate that some factors induced by the joint immobilization might be effective in preventing atrophy of the soleus muscle.
...
PMID:Influence of muscle length on muscle atrophy in the mouse tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. 1926 62
Aim:
Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has the potential to reveal intra-tumor structural heterogeneity consisting of stroma through an evaluation of uniformity on DWI. In present study, we examined the diagnostic value of intra-tumor heterogeneity evaluated by DWI in lower rectal cancer (LRC).
Patients and Methods:
A total of 172 LRC patients underwent radical surgery between 2009 and 2017. T1 tumors and cases without pre-operative MRI were excluded. Twenty-nine primary resection cases (PR) and 37 pre-operative chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery cases (pCRT) were targeted. Intra-tumor heterogeneity on DWI was quantified using a specific formula (
HSD
). Structural heterogeneity was objectively quantified by an image analysis of resected specimens using a digital microscope (
HSP
). The relationships between
HSD
and
HSP
, pathological factors, and tumor regression grades (TRG) of pCRT were evaluated.
Results:
The relationship between
HSD
and
HSP
was analyzed by a linear regression model in PR cases, revealing a positive correlation (R
2
=0.43). PR cases were divided into
HSD
-high and
HSD
-low according to the median. There were more pT3 or N(+) cases in
HSD
-high (
p
=0.038, 0.095).
HSD
before pCRT correlated with TRG (grade 1 versus 2/3) in pCRT cases (
p
=0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of
HSD
for predicting T and N stages and therapeutic grades was evaluated by cut-off values calculated using a ROC curve and revealed that each factor may be accurately diagnosed.
Conclusion:
Intra-tumor heterogeneity on DWI corresponded with stromal pathological heterogeneity. It is useful for predicting T3 or deeper tumor invasion, pathological N(+), and the therapeutic effects of pCRT.
...
PMID:Value of intra-tumor heterogeneity evaluated by diffusion-weighted MRI for predicting pathological stages and therapeutic responses to chemoradiotherapy in lower rectal cancer. 3189 83
