Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 3,464 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different polishing methods on color stability of posterior, universal and nanohybrid composite resin restorative materials upon exposure to a staining agent. Twenty-five specimens were prepared for each of 5 different composite resins (Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, Quadrant LC, Grandio and Filtek Supreme). Specimens were divided into 5 groups and different polishing procedures, including polishing discs (Pd), polishing discs then diamond polishing paste (PdP), polishing discs then a liquid polishing system (Biscover) (PdB), and combinations of these (PdPB) were used. Unpolished specimens served as the control (C). The specimens were stored for 48 h in a coffee solution. The color of all specimens was measured before and after exposure with a colorimeter, and total color change (DeltaE*) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA and the means were compared by Tukey HSD test (alpha=0.05). The lowest color difference was observed in the groups PdP and C, while the highest color difference was observed in PdPB, and PdB. When comparing the five different restorative materials, no significant difference was observed between FiltekP60 and FiltekZ250, and these materials demonstrated significantly less color change than Quadrant LC and the nanohybrid materials (Grandio, Filtek Supreme). The posterior (Filtek P60) and universal (Filtek Z250) composite resin restorative materials, which do not contain tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), were found to be less stainable than the nanohybrid (Grandio, Filtek Supreme) and universal (Quadrant LC) composite resins, which contain TEGDMA. The use of diamond polishing paste after polishing with polishing discs significantly decreased staining when compared to the groups that used polishing discs alone, for all restorative materials tested. The highest color change values were obtained for the specimens that were polished with the Biscover liquid polish system (PdB and PdPB groups).
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PMID:Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins. 1927 95

Metabolism alterations were evaluated in female Wistar rats (dams) during pregnancy. Pregnant and non-pregnant dams submitted to protein restriction, were fed isocaloric (15.74 kJ/g), control or hypoproteic (17% vs. 6%) diets, and distributed in four Groups (n=7) as follows: non-pregnant control (NPC), pregnant control (PC), non-pregnant hypoproteic (NPH), and pregnant hypoproteic (PH); from Day 1 to Day 18 of pregnancy. Biochemical, hormonal and metabolic parameters related to lipid synthesis were assessed. The two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey-HSD and Student-t tests were used, with a significance of p< 0.05. Protein restriction elevated lipid synthesis and malic enzyme (ME) activity in the liver, and reduced mass and the lipid/glycogen ratio in this tissue; it also lowered protein ingestion (total and %), lipid content (%) in the mammary gland (MAG), serum proteins and albumin, with consequent reduction of placenta and fetal masses. Pregnancy reduced serum protein and albumin concentrations, lipid synthesis, ME activity, hepatic lipid and glycogen content. However, it increased final body mass; increased relative masses of gonad (GON), liver and MAG; but reduced lipid synthesis and content of GON, lipid content of MAG and the relative mass of carcass. Pregnancy Insulinemia increased during pregnancy with reduced glycemia, characterizing hormonal resistance. Leptin and prolactin were also increased during pregnancy, being the highest increase in observed in HP rats. Protein restriction in pregnancy modified maternal metabolism, altering lipid synthesis in the liver and hormonal profile and decreasing the placenta and fetus masses.
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PMID:[Protein restriction in pregnancy: effects related to dam metabolism]. 1934 90

This study evaluated the effects of fiber nets and application techniques and flowable composites as a liner on microleakage and the effects of fiber nets on polymerization shrinkage in Class II MOD cavities. Standard MOD cavities were performed in 80 extracted third molars. The teeth were randomly divided into eight groups (n=10). Group 1: Filtek Supreme XT (bulk technique) (FSB); Group 2: Filtek Supreme XT (incremental technique) (FSI); Group 3: Filtek Supreme XT Flow (FS Flow)+FSB; Group 4: FS Flow+FSI; Group 5: FS Flow+Ribbond (R)+FSB; Group 6: FS Flow+R+FSI; Group 7: FS Flow+everStick NET (E)+FSB; Group 8: FS Flow+(E)+FSI. All the teeth were then immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours after thermocycling for 1000 cycles (5 degrees C and 55 degrees C). The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and observed under a stereomicroscope. In order to determine the polymerization shrinkage, another study was designed. In Group A, composite was applied as a bulk. In Group B, the resin composite was divided into two parts and Ribbond fiber was placed in the middle of the mass. In Group C, everStick NET fiber was placed inside the composite, as in Group B. Statistical analysis were performed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests for both microleakage and polymerization shrinkage (p < 0.05). Less microleakage was observed in groups where composites were applied by the incremental technique compared with those where the bulk technique was used (p < 0.05). The groups that used flowable composites showed significantly lower microleakage (p < 0.05). In groups where fiber nets were used, a significant decrease was determined in terms of microleakage (p < 0.05). Groups with fiber nets exhibited lower polymerization shrinkage (p < 0.05). Fiber nets decreased both microleakage and polymerization shrinkage. The incremental technique is an effective method for Class II composite restorations.
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PMID:Effect of fiber nets, application techniques and flowable composites on microleakage and the effect of fiber nets on polymerization shrinkage in class II MOD cavities. 1936 73

This study examined the influence of power density on dentin bond strength and polymerization behavior of dual-cured direct core foundation resin systems. Two commercially available dual-cured direct core foundation resin systems, Clearfil DC Core Automix with Clearfil DC Bond and UniFil Core with Self-Etching Bond, were studied. Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in autopolymerizing resin and the facial dentin surfaces were ground wet on 600-grit SiC paper. Dentin surfaces were treated according to manufacturer's recommendations. The resin pastes were condensed into the mold and cured with the power densities of 0 (no irradiation), 100, 200, 400 and 600 mW/cm2. Ten specimens per group were stored in 37 degrees C water for 24 hours, then shear tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute in a universal testing machine. An ultrasonic measurement device was used to measure the ultrasonic velocities through the core foundation resins. The power densities selected were 0 (no irradiation), 200, and 600 mW/cm2, and ultrasonic velocity was calculated. ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were performed at a level of 0.05. The highest bond strengths were obtained when the resin pastes were cured with the highest power density for both core foundation systems (16.8 +/- 1.9 MPa for Clearfil DC Core Automix, 15.6 +/- 2.9 MPa for UniFil Core). When polymerized with the power densities under 200 mW/cm2, significantly lower bond strengths were observed compared to those obtained with the power density of 600 mW/cm2. As the core foundation resins hardened, the sonic velocities increased and this tendency differed among the power density of the curing unit. When the sonic velocities at three minutes after the start of measurements were compared, there were no significant differences among different irradiation modes for UniFil Core, while a significant decrease in sonic velocity was obtained when the resin paste was chemically polymerized compared with dual-polymerization for Clearfil DC Core Automix. The data suggests that the dentin bond strengths and polymerization behavior of the dual-cured, direct core foundation systems are still affected by the power density of the curing unit. With a careful choice of the core foundation systems and power density of the curing unit, the benefit of using resin composites to endodontically-treated teeth might be acceptable.
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PMID:Influence of power density on polymerization behavior and bond strengths of dual-cured resin direct core foundation systems. 1936 75

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of six different adhesive systems on the shear bond strength of resin composite to feldspathic and low-fusing porcelains. Sixty porcelain blocks were prepared for each low-fusing (Matchmaker) and feldspathic (MVK95) porcelain specimen. After surface preparation, the porcelain specimens were divided into six groups (n = 10) for different adhesive systems (Adper Prompt L-Pop, QuadrantUnil Bond, Te-Econom, PQ1, One-StepPlus and Prime&Bond NT). After adhesive application, a universal resin composite (FiltekZ250) was condensed on the specimens. The prepared specimens were then stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, then all the samples were thermal cycled 1000 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. Shear testing was performed on a universal test machine using a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The statistical analysis of the bond strength data included two-way ANOVA. Then, the means were compared by Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05). The lowest bond strength was observed in Adper Prompt L-Pop. No statistically significant difference was observed between One-Step Plus and Prime&Bond NT. The highest bond strength was observed in PQ1. When low-fusing or feldspathic porcelain restorations are repaired with resin composite, self-etching adhesive systems may not be indicated. If maximum bond strength is the goal in porcelain resin bonding, adhesive systems that have a high filler ratio should be used.
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PMID:Effect of filler ratio in adhesive systems on the shear bond strength of resin composite to porcelains. 1954 19

The purpose of this study was to measure axial loading, generating bending moments on fibre reinforced composite (FRC) implant prostheses using strain-gauged customized abutment in vivo. Bending moments of conventional implant prosthetic material were also measured and the data were compared with those for FRC. Three unit fixed dental prostheses were made for two dental implant fixtures, which had been functioning properly for more than one year using Tescera ATL, porcelain fused to metal and gold as occlusal material. Three patients participated in this study; two patients had two implants on one side of the mandible and one had two implants on both sides of the mandible. Five sets of fixed dental prostheses were fabricated for each material and these were cemented with Temp-bond on strain-gauged customized abutments, which were screwed into the underlying implant fixtures. Axial loadings and bending moments were measured when a patient bit the experimental fixed dental prosthesis. ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. There were no significant differences in normalized bending moments among the three different implant prosthetic materials. Within the limitations of this study, Tescera ATL generated bending moments similar to conventional implant prosthetic materials such as gold and porcelain.
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PMID:In vivo comparison of force development with various materials of implant-supported prostheses. 1954 56

In the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the choice of fluid and osmotherapy is important. There are practical and theoretical advantages to the use of hypertonic saline. S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and myelin-basic protein (MBP) are commonly assessed biomarkers of brain injury with potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of outcome after TBI, but they have not previously been studied in the context of fluid resuscitation. This randomized controlled trial compared serum concentrations of S100B, NSE, and MBP in adult severe TBI patients resuscitated with 250 mL of 7.5% hypertonic saline plus 6% dextran70 (HSD; n = 31) versus 0.9% normal saline (NS; n = 33), and examined their relationship with neurological outcome at discharge. Blood samples drawn on admission (<or=3 h post-injury), and at 12, 24, and 48 h post-resuscitation were assayed by ELISA for the selected biomarkers. Serial comparisons of biomarker concentrations were made by ANOVA, and relationships between biomarkers and outcome were assessed by multiple regression. On admission, mean (+/-SEM) S100B and NSE concentrations were increased 60-fold (0.73 +/- 0.08 microg/L) and sevenfold (37.0 +/- 4.8 microg/L), respectively, in patients resuscitated with NS, compared to controls (0.01 +/- 0.01 and 6.2 +/- 0.6, respectively). Compared with NS resuscitation, S100B and NSE were twofold and threefold lower in HSD-treated patients and normalized within 12 h. MBP levels were not significantly different from controls in either treatment arm until 48 h post-resuscitation, when a delayed increase (0.58 +/- 0.29 microg/L) was observed in NS-treated patients. Biomarkers were elevated in the patient group showing an unfavorable outcome. HSD-resuscitated patients with favorable outcomes exhibited the lowest serum S100B and NSE concentrations, while maximal levels were found in NS-treated patients with unfavorable outcomes. The lowest biomarker levels were seen in survivors resuscitated with HSD, while maximal levels were in NS-resuscitated patients with fatal outcome. Pre-hospital resuscitation with HSD is associated with a reduction in serum S100B, NSE, and MBP concentrations, which are correlated with better outcome after severe TBI.
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PMID:Resuscitation with hypertonic saline-dextran reduces serum biomarker levels and correlates with outcome in severe traumatic brain injury patients. 1963 68

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths (SBS) of two resin cements to intaglio surfaces of zirconia from two manufacturers after three surface treatment methods. Forty zirconia specimens from one manufacturer (Lava, 3M ESPE) and 40 zirconia specimens from another manufacturer (Cercon, Dentsply), each with system-specific intaglio surfaces, were randomly divided into four treatment groups (20 samples per group, 10 for each manufacturer): no treatment (No_T), sandblasting with 50microm Al2O3 (S_50), sandblasting with 110 microm al2O3 (S_110), and Rocatec silica coating and silanization (ESPE-Sil, 3M ESPE) (Roc). A 5-mm metal ring was fixed upon the zirconia and was filled with one of two different resin composite cements (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE and Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray). Samples were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days; SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Values were calculated in MPa and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (P < .05). In the Lava specimens, the three surface treatment methods tested did not increase the bond strength of Panavia compared to the control group (P = .195); using RelyX Unicem, S_50 and Roc, mean SBS values were significantly higher than values for No_T (S50 P = .0048; Roc P < .001). For Lava surfaces treated with Rocatec, there was a statistically significant difference between the two luting cements used (Unicem 11.39 +/- 2.19; Panavia 8.56 +/- 1.17; P = .002). Regarding the Cercon specimens, there was a significant difference between the Unicem and the Panavia control groups (No_T Unicem 1.48 +/- 1.19, No_T Panavia 4.60 +/- 2.75, P = .004). In conclusion, all surface treatments increased the bond strength of RelyX Unicem resin cement to both zirconia substrates. No statistically significant changes were found using Panavia on Lava. Sandblasting with 110 microm Al2O3 provided the highest bond strength for Panavia on Cercon.
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PMID:The effect of surface treatment on the adhesion of resin cements to Y-TZP. 1965 31

This study examined the effect of different light activation modes for light-cured resin-based composites on the shear bond strength to dentin of two one-bottle adhesives with differing acidity. In this experimental study, a flat middle dentin surface was prepared on 110 extracted sound molars using a 600-grit polish paper. The teeth were then randomly divided into 10 equal groups (n = 11). One-Step Plus (OS) and Prime & Bond NT (P&B NT) were used according to the manufacturer's instruction with their respective composite (Aelite, Spectrum TPH) applied and cured using five different light-activation modes: 1. Conventional (CO): 600 mW/cm2 (40 seconds) 2. Soft-Start I (SSI): 100 mW/cm2 (10 seconds) 600 mW/cm2 (30 seconds) 3. Soft-Start II (SSII): 200 mW/cm2 (10 seconds), 600 mW/cm2 (30 seconds) 4. Pulse-Delay I (PDI): 100 mW/cm2 (3 seconds), 3-minute delay, 600 mW/cm2 (37 seconds) 5. Pulse-Delay II (PDII): 200 mW/cm2 (3 seconds), 3-minute delay, 600 mW/cm2 (37 seconds) After 24 hours storage in distilled water at room temperature, a shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using an Instron machine at 1 mm/minute and the results were recorded in MPa. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (p < 0.05). The highest SBS (MPa) was shown in the OS conventional group (19.62 +/- 2.21) and the lowest SBS was shown in P&B NT, PDII (5.93 +/- 1.79). In each group of five curing modes, the mean SBS for P&B NT was significantly lower than OS: conventional mode--P&B NT (17.27 +/- 1.98) vs OS (19.62 +/- 2.21); SSI-P&B NT (10.84 +/- 2.82) vs OS (13.09 +/- 1.24); SSII - P&B NT (14.78 +/- 1.63) vs OS (18.79 +/- 1.57); PDI-P&B NT (5.93 +/- 1.79) vs OS (11.97 +/- 2.59) and PDII-P&B NT (11.82 +/- 1.24) vs OS (16.00 +/- 1.62) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). For each of the adhesives, the ranking of SBS was as follows: CO > SSII > PDII > SSI > PDI, with the two-paired comparisons of curing modes being significantly different (p < 0.05). The results of the current study indicated that the bond strength of P&B NT might be compromised by the higher acidity of this adhesive compared to OS during each curing mode, especially PDI. The conventional mode was least affected by the acidity of the adhesive.
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PMID:Effect of light activation mode on the incompatibility between one-bottle adhesives and light-cured composites: an in vitro shear bond strength study. 1983 Sep 70

Hamstring muscle group dysfunction following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) using a semitendinosus-gracilis autograft is a growing concern. This study compared the mean peak isometric knee flexor torque of the following three groups: subjects 2 years following ACL reconstruction using semitendinosus-gracilis autografts (Group 1), subjects 2 years following ACL reconstruction using tibialis anterior allografts (Group 2), and a non-injured, activity-level-matched control group (Group 3). We hypothesized that Group 1 would have greater mean involved lower extremity peak isometric knee flexor torque deficits than the other groups. Handheld dynamometry with subjects in prone and the test knee at 90 degrees flexion was used to determine bilateral peak isometric knee flexor torque. Group 1 (86.4 +/- 11) and Group 2 (80.5 +/- 13) had similar 2000 IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation Form scores (P = NS). Group 1 had a mean involved lower extremity peak isometric knee flexor torque deficit of -17.0 +/- 14 Nm. Group 2 had a mean involved lower extremity peak isometric knee flexor torque deficit of -0.8 +/- 9 Nm. Group 3 (control) had a mean left and right lower extremity peak isometric knee flexor torque difference of -0.7 +/- 14 Nm. Group 1 had decreased involved lower extremity peak isometric knee flexor torque compared to Groups 2 and 3 (two-way ANOVA; group x side interaction P < 0.05, Tukey HSD = 0.008). Long-term knee flexor strength deficits exist following hamstring autograft use for ACL reconstruction that does not occur when a tibialis anterior allograft is used. Early identification of impaired knee flexor strength among this group and modified rehabilitation may reduce these deficits. Adding quantitative biomechanical testing of sprinting and sudden directional change movements to the standard physical therapy evaluation will better elucidate the clinical and functional significance of the observed knee flexor strength impairments and aid in determining sport specific activity training readiness.
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PMID:Knee flexor strength after ACL reconstruction: comparison between hamstring autograft, tibialis anterior allograft, and non-injured controls. 1989 36


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