Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.3 (HSD)
 3,464 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to compare, by shear testing, the bond strengths after 1 and 24 hours of a light-cured resin (Enlight) and a light-cured glass ionomer cement GIC (Fuji Ortho LC) using various polymerization lamps (halogen, high performance halogen, xenon, and diode) for the direct bonding of brackets. The self-curing resin (Concise) was used as the control. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS program. For group comparison purposes, the single factor variance analysis (ANOVA) and the post-hoc test (Tukey's HSD) were used. The level of significance was established at P < 0.05. When comparing two mean values the t-test for independent random samples was employed. All polymerization lamps achieved the minimum bond strength of 5-8 MPa. With Enlight LV, bond strength was dependent on curing time (the halogen lamp achieved the highest bond strength of 10.0 MPa, P < 0.001, with a curing time of 40 seconds. The other lamps showed similar results) and on the mode of cure (the highest bond strength values were achieved by four-sided curing, P= 0.04). Fuji Ortho LC, on the other hand, was independent of the duration of light curing and the type of lamp used. The bond strengths of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) were similar to or somewhat higher than those achieved with light-cured composite resin (P = 0.039) when lamps with short polymerization times were used, but were significantly lower (P< 0.001) when compared with the self-curing composite adhesive. After 24 hours, the bond strengths of all adhesives showed a significant increase: Enlight 19 per cent, Fuji Ortho LC 6.6 per cent, Concise 16 per cent. Bond failure occurred for Enlight at the bracket-composite resin adhesive interface in 90 per cent and with Concise in 57 per cent. However, Fuji Ortho LC showed far more cohesive and mixed failures, indicating an improved bond between bracket and cement.
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PMID:A comparative in vitro study of the strength of directly bonded brackets using different curing techniques. 1553 43

The serotonergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders as well as in suicidal behavior. It is unknown, however, whether raphe neurons, which are mostly serotonergic, show altered activity in patients with mood disorders who complete suicide as compared to those without suicidal behavior. In order to measure cellular markers of serotonergic activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus in brains of 12 people with mood disorders and of 12 controls (C), stereological measurements were carried out of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) and of serotonergic neuron numbers. Six patients died from suicide (S) and the other six patients died from natural causes (NS). Results were assessed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey-HSD tests looking for effects of diagnostic group (S, NS, C). Results show that in the rostral subnuclei of the dorsal raphe there was a significant effect of diagnostic group on the ratios of the nucleolar organizer regions to nuclear area (NOR ratio) and a nearly significant effect on numbers of serotonergic neurons. Post hoc tests revealed larger values for those dependent variables in S compared to NS. Dose equivalents of antidepressants correlated positively with NOR ratios and numbers of serotonergic neurons in the rostral part of the dorsal raphe. In conclusion, the present data suggest that there are functional differences in the dorsal raphe of patients with mood disorders depending on suicidal behavior. Antidepressants appear to contribute to cellular activation in the rostral part of the dorsal raphe.
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PMID:Differences in activation of the dorsal raphe nucleus depending on performance of suicide. 1578 Oct 45

This study evaluated the influence of curing method and storage condition on the microhardness of dual-cure resin cements: Panavia F 2.0 (PF) and Nexus 2 (NX). The specimens were either light-cured (LC) or chemically cured in darkness (CC). After 24 hours of storage in dry chamber (Dry) or distilled water (DW), the specimens were sectioned and polished. The microhardness of resin cement matrix was measured using a nanoindentation tester (ENT-1100). The data (n = 6) were statistically analyzed with t-test, two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05), and Tukey HSD test (alpha = .05). It was found that the factors of curing method and storage condition had significant effect on microhardness. For both PF and NX, LC presented higher microhardness than CC, while DW showed higher microhardness than Dry. In conclusion, dual-cure resin cements could achieve high degree of cure when light-cured. In addition, the microhardness of the resin cements evaluated did not decrease when kept in water.
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PMID:Influence of curing method and storage condition on microhardness of dual-cure resin cements. 1588 Dec 11

To evaluate efficacy of a problem-based learning (PBL) pedagogy in preclinical and clinical teaching, test scores of 234 undergraduate dental students from the conventionally taught classes of 2003 and 2004 were compared with scores of 274 dental students from the PBL classes of 2005 and 2006. Although the groups' means were close together, t-test analysis of scores revealed that PBL students performed significantly better than traditional (TRAD) students on midterm (p=.0001) and final (p=.015) examinations taken on student partner/mock patients. ANOVA comparing the classes with each other showed significant differences for the midterm and final, but not for the clinical examination. Further multiple comparison tests (Tukey HSD) for the midterm and final revealed that differences specifically reflected superior performance of PBL classes against one of the TRAD classes (2004). There was no difference in performance between PBL (n=134) and TRAD (n=233) students on examinations taken with actual clinical patients who were undergoing nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Over a two-year period, PBL students rated their program instructors at a mean of 4.41 on a Likert-type scale of 1 (not helpful) to 5 (outstanding). The program provides a PBL model for teaching preclinical and clinical skills supported by a four-year evaluation of manual skills outcomes.
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PMID:Problem-based learning versus a traditional educational methodology: a comparison of preclinical and clinical periodontics performance. 1594 11

Carious lesions around crown margins sometimes lead to failure of fixed prosthodontics. This study examined the influence of metal conditioner application on a dentin surface prior to bonding procedures, using two-step self-etching primer systems. Commercially available metal conditioners and self-etching primer dentin bonding systems were used. Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in self-curing resin, and the facial dentin surfaces were ground wet on 600-grit SiC paper. The metal primers were applied on the dentin surface followed by bonding procedures with four different types of self-etching primer systems. The resin composites were condensed into a mold on the dentin surface and light activated. Ten specimens per test group were stored in 37 degrees C water for 24 hours; they were then shear tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were done. When the metal conditioners were applied on dentin surfaces before bonding procedures, there was a tendency for decreased dentin bond strengths compared to those obtained with the controls. This tendency differed among the combinations of metal conditioners and self-etching primer systems used. Appropriate surface treatments are required to get optimum bond strengths with the use of technique sensitive bonding systems combined with metal conditioners.
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PMID:Influence of metal conditioner contamination of the dentin surface on bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems using self-etching primers. 1598 57

This in vivo study evaluated, through the physicochemical assay method for quantification of enhanced vascular permeability, the irritating potential of EDTA, EGTA, citric acid and saline. Thirty-two male Wister rats were anesthetized and four experimental sites were demarcated on their backs. Injections of 2% Evans blue (20 mg/kg) were administered intravenously into the lateral caudal vein. The test solutions were immediately injected intradermally (0.01 mL) into the experimental sites. The animals were killed 30 min, 1, 3 and 6 h after injection of the solutions and each piece of skin was submerged in formamide and incubated at 45 masculineC for 72 h. After filtration, the optical density was measured in a spectrophotometer and the total amount of dye extracted from the samples was calculated by means of a standard calibration curve. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Compared to control, EDTA had the greatest volume of dye followed by EGTA and citric acid, for all time periods. There were statistically significant differences between all solutions (p<0.01). Considering the periods assessed, a significant difference was observed between the 3- and 6-h groups (p<0.05), but not between the 30-min and 1-h groups. Among the organic acids evaluated in this study, citric acid yielded the lowest amount of extracted dye. This indicates that the citric acid was the least irritating solution.
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PMID:Biocompatibility of EDTA, EGTA and citric acid. 1611 26

This study examined the average surface roughness (Ra, microm) of 2 microfilled (Durafill and Perfection), 1 hybrid (Filtek Z250) and 2 packable composite resins (Surefil and Fill Magic), before (baseline) and after eight different finishing and polishing treatments. The surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer. Ten specimens of each composite resin were randomly subjected to one of the following finishing/polishing techniques: A -- carbide burs; B -- fine/extrafine diamond burs; C -- Sof-Lex aluminum oxide discs; D -- Super-Snap aluminum oxide discs; E -- rubber polishing points + fine/extrafine polishing pastes; F -- diamond burs + rubber polishing points + fine/extrafine polishing pastes; G -- diamond burs + Sof-Lex system; H -- diamond burs + Super-Snap system. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected among both the resins and the finishing/polishing techniques. For all resins, the use of diamond burs resulted in the greatest surface roughness (Ra: 0.69 to 1.44 microm). The lowest Ra means were obtained for the specimens treated with Sof-Lex discs (Ra: 0.11 to 0.25 microm). The Ra values of Durafill were lower than those of Perfection and Filtek Z250, and these in turn had lower Ra than the packable composite resins. Overall, the smoothest surfaces were obtained with the use the complete sequence of Sof-Lex discs. In areas that could not be reached by the aluminum oxide discs, the carbide burs and the association between rubber points and polishing pastes produced satisfactory surface smoothness for the packable and hybrid composite resins, respectively.
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PMID:Effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of microfilled, hybrid and packable composite resins. 1611 32

In June 2000 and July 2002, two mucous aggregation events of large proportion occurred in the Adriatic Sea. In order to assess the possible effects that the events had on the macrofauna, we studied macro-zoobenthic assemblages and mussel culture (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Structural parameters of macro-zoobenthos and growth parameters of mussels were recorded. The study area was a mussel farm located 5 nautical miles off Porto Caleri (Rovigo, Italy) in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Between May 2000 and August 2002, two sites were sampled in this area and univariate and multivariate techniques were used to describe the macrobenthic community. Two-way ANOVA showed that mean values of species number, density (individuals m(-2)) and Shannon-Wiener's diversity were significantly influenced (p<0.01) by site and period of sampling and by the interactions of these factors. The Pielou's J averages were significantly influenced only by period (p<0.01). Application of Tuckey's HSD test (p<0.05) to factors detected to be significant by ANOVA did not show significant differences between samples collected after the mucous aggregation events and the other periods. Cluster analysis and MDS ordination did not allow a clear distinction between the samples. Concerning mussels, one-way ANOVA showed that mean values of the shell length and the condition index (dry weight/shell weight) were significantly influenced (p<0.001) by the months. The mean values both for shell length and condition index were higher in 2001. The shell length trend revealed a slowing down of growth in June-July 2000 and July-August 2002, and the condition index trend showed a significant fall in samples of June 2000 and July 2002. The growth of M. galloprovincialis might be influenced negatively by mucous aggregates, whereas the soft-bottom macro-zoobenthos seems not to be directly affected by the event.
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PMID:Do mucous aggregates affect macro-zoobenthic community and mussel culture? A study in a coastal area of the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. 1621 13

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase locus and adipose tissue distribution phenotypes. A total of 132 unrelated individuals from the Quebec Family Study were followed prospectively for an average period of 11.3 years. The BglII polymorphism in exon 4 of the 3beta-HSD gene was detected by PCR. Body mass, body fat, and regional fat distribution indicators were adjusted for age and age2 within each gender. Associations were assessed in unrelated adults with ANOVA across three genotypes. No association was found for the indicators of body mass, body fat, and regional distribution of adipose tissue measured in 1992. In women, the changes (difference between data collected in 1992 and at entry) in the sum of six skinfolds (p=0.04), abdominal skinfold (p=0.01), and abdominal skinfold adjusted (p=0.03) for the sum of six skinfolds at entry were related to the BglII polymorphism at the 3beta-HSD locus. These relations were not found in men, but they gained less body mass and body fat over the 11.3-year period. This suggests that sequence variation at the 3beta-HSD locus or in neighboring genes on chromosome 1 may contribute to individual differences in body fat content and adipose tissue distribution in adult women, particularly in abdominal adipose tissue deposition as they grow older and gain body fat.
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PMID:Relation between BglII polymorphism in 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene and adipose tissue distribution in humans. 1635 95

We have shown previously that mRNA for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed in granulosa cells and downregulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The current studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that LH stimulates a decrease in the expression of PPARgamma, as well as its activity, in granulosa cells. Ovaries were collected from immature rats 0 and 48 h after they received pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG), and 4 and 24 h after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and used for protein isolation or processed for immunolocalization of PPARgamma. The amount of phosphorylated PPARgamma was measured by immunoblot analysis to determine how LH affects the phosphorylation status, and therefore the activity, of PPARgamma. Granulosa cells were also collected from immature rats 48 h after PMSG. Cells were cultured with LH in the absence and presence of H89 and cycloheximide to investigate the role of PKA and protein synthesis in the LH-mediated decline in mRNA for PPARgamma respectively. Protein corresponding to PPARgamma was localized to nuclei of granulosa cells 0 and 48 h after PMSG. Expression was greatly reduced by 4 h after hCG, with expression in mural granulosa cells lost before that in cumulus cells. The amount of phosphorylated PPARgamma did not change during the periovulatory period. Blocking PKA activity had no effect on levels of mRNA for PPARgamma. However, levels of mRNA for PPARgamma were significantly increased in cells treated with cycloheximide (P < 0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD). These data suggest that PPARgamma is tightly regulated in the ovary and that its expression is the primary mechanism by which LH influences the activity of PPARgamma. In addition, protein synthesis may be involved in modulating levels of PPARgamma in granulosa cells.
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PMID:Effects of luteinizing hormone on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the rat ovary before and after the gonadotropin surge. 1638 13


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