Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.3 (HSD)
 3,464 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) obtained during incremental exercise (INC) as indicators of intensity during constant load exercise (CL). Nine cyclists (VO2max = 53.3 +/- 8.9 ml.kg-1.min-1) performed INC to determine intensity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Three CL work bouts at OBLA were performed in an environmental chamber with temperatures (30 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 14 degrees C) randomly assigned. RPE and HR were determined every 5 min. Data during CL from initial 5 min (5 MIN), second 5 min (10 MIN), midpoint (MID), and exhaustion (END) were used in treatment by time ANOVA to examine differences between temperature conditions, with repeated measures ANOVA testing for differences between INC and CL. Tukey HSD post-hoc tests identified mean differences, with significance set at P < or = 0.01. No significant differences across temperature conditions for RPE or HR were found. RPE obtained at OBLA during INC (13.7 +/- 0.9) was significantly different from 5 MIN, 10 MIN, MID, and END during CL in all temperatures. HR obtained at OBLA during INC (165.4 +/- 12.3 bpm) was significantly higher than 5 MIN for all temperatures (30 degrees C = 153.0 +/- 9.9; 22 degrees C = 151.0 +/- 11.8; 14 degrees C = 150.2 +/- 13.8), but was not significantly different from INC for 10 MIN, MID, or END measures. The data indicate HR is a more valid marker of exercise intensity than RPE.
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PMID:Rating of perceived exertion and heart rate as indicators of exercise intensity in different environmental temperatures. 805 19

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of nasal splinting during different modes of breathing on breathing patterns and cardiorespiratory responses. Ten healthy subjects (4 males, 6 females) performed five maximal treadmill tests while breathing through the nose, nose + dilator, mouth, nose + mouth, and nose + mouth + dilator. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey HSD revealed no significant differences between trials for maximal oxygen consumption, minute ventilation at an oxygen consumption of 30 ml.kg-1.min-1, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, tidal volume, dead space to tidal volume ratio, or completed treadmill stages to exhaustion. No significant difference was found in subjective dyspnoea ratings between stages of nose versus nose + dilator breathing. Minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, and breath frequency for nose and nose + dilator versus mouth, nose + mouth, and nose + mouth + dilator were significantly lower. Ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide was significantly lower for nose versus mouth, and nose + dilator versus nose + mouth + dilator breathing. End-tidal carbon dioxide was significantly higher in nose versus mouth, nose + mouth, and nose + mouth + dilator breathing, and in nose + dilator versus mouth breathing. Nose breathing revealed a significantly lower heart rate versus nose + dilator, mouth, nose + mouth, and nose + mouth + dilator breathing. These results suggest that nasal splinting during exercise has minimal effects when nasal breathing and no effects when oronasal breathing.
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PMID:Nasal splinting effects on breathing patterns and cardiorespiratory responses. 1040 93