Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.27 (lactate dehydrogenase)
 29,211 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histochemical studies were carried out on some of the glycolytic enzymes viz. phosphorylase, aldose, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and a key enzyme of the pentose phosphatase cycle, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), in the hepatopancreas of Scylla serrata (Forskal). 1. Weak activities of phosphorylase and aldolase and strong-activities of alpha-GPDH and LDH were noticed mainly in the brush border of the tubules and R-cell cytoplasm. A trace activity of G-6-PDH was noticed in the brush border. 2. Bilateral eyestalk removal results in inhibition of both phosphorylase and aldolase. However, enhanced activities of alpha-GPDH and LDH were noticeable 4 h after the operation. The G-6-PDH activity remained unaltered till 24 h. 3. Injection of eyestalk extract into both intact and destalked crabs activated all the enzymes.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the occurrence of glycolytic and pentose phosphate cycle enzymes in the hepatopancreas and their possible relation to eyestalk factor(s) in the crab Scylla serrata (Forskal). 0 Aug 64

It is shown that in the presence of NADP in the myocardium extracts glucose-6-phosphate is transformed into fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate and lactate. The intensity of this transformation is close to that when NAD is introduced. The addition of crystalline glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to the extracts is not accompanied by formation of lactate, but reduced NADP accumulates which oxidizes due to introduction of pyruvate or oxalacetate into the medium. This process is reconstructed in the system with pure enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase), that evidences for hydrogen transfer from reduced NADP to pyruvate, or to the oxalacetate without participation of transhydrogenase. The oxidation rate of the reduced coenzymes in the myocardium extracts depends on the medium pH: when pH increases, it lowers for NAD-H and rises for NAD-H. The NAD-H divided by NADP-H rate ratio at pH 7.0 for pyruvate is 11.5 and for oxalacetate is 6.5.
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PMID:[Some mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism regulation with NADP participation]. 1 29

1) A lysosomal protease, a new cathepsin that inactivates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49] and some other enzymes and differs from cathepsin B [EC 3.4.22.1] was purified about 2,200-fold from crude extracts of rat liver by cell-fractionation, freezing and thawing, acetone treatment, gel filtration, and DEAE Sephadex and CM-Sephadex column chromatographies. 2) The new cathepsin was markedly activated by the thiol-reagent, 2-mercaptoethanol and inhibited by monoiodoacetate. 3) The molecular weight of the new cathepsin was found by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography to be 22,000, which is smaller than that of cathepsin B. 4) The optimum pH of the enzyme for inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was pH 5.0--5.5. The enzyme was unstable in alkali and on heat treatment. 5) The rates of inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, apo-ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13], apo-tyrosine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.5], apo-cystathionase [EC 4.4.1.1], glucokinase [EC 2.7.1.2], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.12], and malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37] by the new cathepsin were higher than those by cathepsin B. However aldolase [EC 4.1.2.13] was inactivated more rapidly by cathepsin B than by the new cathepsin. Lactate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.27], glutamate dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.2] and alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1] were not inactivated by either cathepsin. Unlike cathepsin B, the new cathepsin scarcely hydrolyzes N-substituted derivatives of arginine.
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PMID:Purification and properties of a new cathepsin from rat liver. 3 59

Selected biochemical properties, based on hepatocellular function, were assessed in the mouse hepatoma BW7756 and host and/or normal mouse liver. These biochemical properties included (a) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) production, (b) lipid composition, (c) isozyme patterns and enzyme activities, and (d) cyclic AMP levels. The tumor evidenced an exponential growth phase and vigorous production of AFP in the first 3 weeks following transplant. The concentration of AFP in the sera of tumor-bearing mice increases roughly with the growth of the hepatoma. The percentage of total lipid in the hepatoma was greater than in either normal or host liver; however, the liver displayed more phospholipid than the tumor, while more triglyceride was demonstrable in the hepatoma. Of the 17 isozyme patterns analyzed, seven--acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, and xanthine dehydrogenase--were different in the liver and the tumor. The cyclic AMP levels decreased in the tumor and the host spleen from day 10 to day 21; however, slight increases were noted in the tumor and host spleen and liver at day 28. These studies suggested 2--3 weeks posttransplantation as the optimal time for investigational use of this hepatoma.
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PMID:Characterization of murine hepatoma BW7756. I. Selected biochemical properties of liver and hepatoma. 8 49

The mitochondrias of the hyalocytes contain lactic dehydrogenase but no glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, so that only aerobic respiration is possible. Among the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatases and beta-glucuronidase are found, the latter facilitating the turnover of the hyaluronic acid. There is no galactosidase, as the hyaluronic acid of the vitreous does not contain galactose.
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PMID:Histoenzymologic study of hyalocytes in tissue culture. 9 Apr 62

The author reports a modification of the UV method UltraZyme Plus alpha-Amyl Harleco and the adaptation to the Eppendorf Enzymautomat 5010. alpha-amylase acts on an oligosaccharide mixture yielding maltose, which is hydrolysed by alpha-glucosidase. The liberated glucose is determined specifically by the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent) method+ by addition of pyruvate, lactate dehydrogenase and ATP. Thereafter the lactate dehydrogenase reaction is stopped by addition of oxamate and the alpha-amylase activity is measured.
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PMID:[Kinetic determination of alpha-amylase in serum and urine with an oligosaccharide as substrate--modification for a fully mechanized enzyme measuring device (author's transl)]. 9 28

Biochemical studies were performed on blood and lung tissue of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) following acute exposure to 0.75 ppm ozone (O3) for 4 h/d for 4 consecutive days. One group of animals was sacrificed at the end of the last exposure day and another group was sacrificed 4 d later after the last exposure. Evidence was sought for oxidation-induced changes known to occur in rodents when high levels of O3 are inhaled. A significant increase in red blood cell membrane fragility was observed, as well as significant decreases in red blood cell glutathione and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase; however, the red blood cell enzymes, lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were not changed significantly. Lung tissue analysis showed that lipid peroxidation was markedly increased and tissue vitamin E levels were significantly decreased. The tissue enzymes G6PDH, glutathione reductase, and LDH significantly increased in activity. No significant changes were seen in either superoxide dismutase or malic acid dehydrogenase. The results of this experiment indicate that O3, or reaction products resulting from O3-tissue interaction in the lung, pass the air-blood barrier and are capable of producing biochemical changes in blood as well as in lung tissue.
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PMID:Biochemical response of squirrel monkeys to ozone. 10 43

The biochemical effects of the nonsteroidal compound Centchroman were observed in healthy, adult, female rhesus monkeys. The compound was administered at the antifertility dose (.625 mg/kg) for 22 days in a cycle. No marked weight changes were seen in the Fallopian tube, ovary, adrenal or pituitary as a result of treatment. Uterine weight increased significantly, however (p less than .01). In the Fallopian tube, levels of glycogen and protein increased significantly (p less than .01), lactic acid decreased significantly (p less than .01), and nonprotein nitrogen was unchanged as a result of treatment. Similar changes were observed in the uterus, and in addition, total total phospholipid concentration rose significantly (p less than .01) in the uterus. The activities of beta-glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the Fallopian tube were unchanged due to treatment. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and malic dehydrogenase activities were significantly stimulated (p less than .01) and lactic dehydrogenase activity was significantly depressed (p less than .01). In the uterus, beta-glucuronidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were unaltered, however, the activities of ATPase and the dehydrogenases of glucose-6-phosphate, lactate and malate were markedly increased (p less than .01). It is suggested that the antifertility effect of Centchroman may be due principally to the ability of the compound to elicit estrogen-like responses in the Fallopian tube and uterus.
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PMID:Effect of 3,4-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-4-P-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy) phenyl -7-methoxy chroman (centchroman) on the biochemistry of the fallopian tube and uterus of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). 12 88

The effects of the nonsteroidal title compound (DBF) on the biochemical composition of the Fallopian tube and uterus were studied in the rhesus monkey. Monkeys received 2 mg/kg daily by mouth, which is the antifertility dose. The weight of the pituitary was significantly decreased (p less than .05) due to treatment, but the weights of the Fallopian tube, uterus, ovary and adrenal were unaltered. In both the Fallopian tube and uterus, DBF induced a significant increase (p less than .01) in the concentration of glycogen, protein and nonprotein nitrogen, and a significant decrease (p less than .01) in the concentration of lactic acid. The total phospholipid level in the uterus showed an increase (p less than .01) in the activities of adenasine triphosphatase (ATPase), malic dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) was seen. Lactic dehydrogenase activity fell (p less than .01) and the activity of beta-glucuronidase was unchanged. In the uterus, ATPase, malic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase activities increased significantly (p less than .01), beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities fell (p less than .01) and G-6-PD activity was unaltered. The antifertility effect of DBF may be due to its ability to elicit many biochemical effects similar to those induced by a typical estrogen.
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PMID:Effect of 2-phenyl-3-p-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy) phenyl-beta-methoxy benzofuran hydrochloride (DBF) on the biochemistry of the fallopian tube and uterus of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). 12 89

The energy metabolism of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied chronologically by histochemical and in part chemical methods. The activities of various enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutylate dehydrogenase (beta-HBDH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the cardiac muscle were determined histochemically. beta-HBDH activity was greatly increased in the stage of developing hypertension in SHR. LDH activity increased simultaneously with the rise of beta-HBDH activity. Moreover, MAO activity increased markedly in later stages when the blood pressure was already elevated in SHR. To confirm the histochemical findings of beta-HBDH activity, the mitochondrial fraction of cardiac muscle was subjected to chemical assay. The chemical findings of myocardial beta-HBDH in SHR corresponded well with the histochemical findings. The myocardial beta-HBDH activity in SHR increased markedly at the age of 5 to 9 weeks, while no or minimal activity was found in controls of the same age. No significant difference of beta-HBDH activity was observed between SHR and controls in the mitochondrial fraction from the diaphragm and liver. The increase of beta-HBDH activity in the cardiac muscle of SHR prior to the development of cardiac hypertrophy suggests that the metabolism of ketone bodies may play an important role in providing the energy necessary for the development of cardiac hypertrophy in SHR.
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PMID:Cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 12 86


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