Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.1.1.27 (lactate dehydrogenase)
29,211 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood serum of pygmy goats (both sexes, and castrated males) was analyzed to establish biochemical reference values. Influence of age on reference values was also studied. Serum biochemical analyses were made for urea nitrogen, creatinin, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, and total lipids. These serum values for pygmy goats were similar to those reported for man, except as follows: Aspartate aminotransferase activities were slightly higher than those reported for man. Glucose concentrations in pygmy goats were slightly lower than in human beings, and uric acid levels were significantly lower than the values for man. Female and castrated male goats had lower total lipid concentrations than did human beings, whereas intact males had higher concentrations. Thus, of the 9 measured variables for pygmy goats, 5 were comparable to human values. This, together with other attributes, including the small size which conduces to economics of maintenance and enhances the desirability of using pygmy goats in research.
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PMID:Serum biochemistry values in normal pygmy goats. 59 8

Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
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PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

I evaluated the diagnostic value of routinely ordered liver-function tests in 175 biopsy-proven cases of hepatic disease by use of stepwise discriminant analysis. The tests studied-total and "direct" bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase-correctly classified 45-73% of cases, depending on the homogeneity of the diagnostic groups. Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were the best discriminators. When all tests were used in the most homogeneous groups (tumors, cirrhosis, and hepatitis), there was a stepwise improvement in diagnostic accuracy from 51 to 73%.
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PMID:Diagnostic effectiveness of biochemical liver-function tests, as evaluated by discriminant function analysis. 84 56

The effects of methylmercury chloride (MMC) on creatine kinase (CK) activity in the rat brain were studied. Male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 10 mg MMC/kg body weight/day for 7 consecutive days, and sacrificed on the 15th day when all rats showed a crossing phenomenon of the hind limbs. CK activity was mildly inhibited in the anterior, mid and posterior cerebral cortex. Aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were also inhibited in some parts of the cerebral cortex, almost to the same extent as the CK activity. No definite inhibition of the enzyme activity was found in the striatum and the cerebellum. From this study we concluded that the mild inhibition of CK activity does not seem to play an important role in the genesis of neurotoxicity of MMC.
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PMID:[Effects of methylmercury chloride on creatine kinase activity in the rat brain]. 150 15

Eighty fetuses referred because of maternal alloimmunization or maternal infection underwent umbilical venipuncture and were found to be unaffected. Norms for hematologic, biochemical, and pressure measurements were constructed from 18 weeks until term. Total red blood cell (RBC) count (p less than .0001), hemoglobin (p less than .0001), white blood cell count (p less than .0001), and platelet count (p = .04) and volume (p less than .03) each rose with advancing gestation. The number of nucleated RBCs declined significantly (p less than .0001). Umbilical vein carbon dioxide pressure rose (p less than .009) and oxygen pressure declined (p = .005) with advancing gestation. Total protein and albumen rose (each p less than .0001). Aspartate aminotransferase (p less than .02), alanine transferase (p less than .0001), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (p less than .0001) each rose with gestation, independent of any other measured value. The rise in lactic dehydrogenase with gestation was found to depend on pH (p = .0002) rather than gestational length. Paired maternal-fetal serum samples were obtained from an additional 50 abnormal fetuses; there was no significant relationship between mother and fetus for the concentrations of any of the studied enzymes. Umbilical vein pressure rose progressively with gestational age (p less than .004). These studies reveal new information on fetal development and provide a baseline from which to evaluate either fetal disease or the response to therapy.
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PMID:The effect of fetal age upon normal fetal laboratory values and venous pressure. 156 54

An acute or fulminant adenovirus hepatitis developed in 5 of 224 pediatric patients who were recipients of orthotopic liver transplants. All had received prednisolone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine as basal immunosuppression, and four received monoclonal (OKT3) or polyclonal (antithymocyte globulin) antibodies for steroid-resistant rejection episodes. These patients initially had high fever and a worsening condition for a mean of 73 days after transplantation (range 44 to 140 days). Results of biochemical tests showed very high serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase. Aspartate aminotransferase values were always markedly more elevated than those of alanine aminotransferase. Two patients had severe leukopenia. Results of histologic studies of the liver showed extensive areas of confluent necrosis and targetlike hepatocyte nuclei. Typical intranuclear viral inclusions were observed on electron microscopy. Adenovirus was cultured in all patients and in two relatives. Two patients died of liver failure; others recovered after cessation of immunosuppression. We conclude that adenovirus hepatitis can be fatal in liver transplant recipients. There is no specific treatment, and immunosuppression must be discontinued.
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PMID:Acute adenovirus hepatitis in liver transplant recipients. 173 Oct 21

Rats were pretreated with a single iv dose of chlorpromazine (CPZ) 3 mg/kg, verapamil 1 mg/kg, or quinacrine 2 mg/kg. Livers were taken out and perfused with University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation solution and stored on ice for 48 h in the UW solution before reperfusion with erythrocyte-free and colloid-free Krebs-Hanseleit buffer at 38 degrees C in a nonrecirculating perfusion system for 2 h. CPZ- and quinacrine-pretreated livers produced significantly more bile than control livers and also released significantly less alanine aminotransferase into the perfusate at 30, 60, and 120 min of reperfusion. Aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower at 30 and 60 min of reperfusion for CPZ-pretreated livers but not at 120 min. The only difference between groups concerning lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the perfusate was that CPZ decreased the amount of LDH released at 60 min. Total tissue water or tissue electrolyte content of the liver tissue at the end of the reperfusion did not differ between groups. In conclusion, verapamil was ineffective when given as single dose iv pretreatment to the liver donor but pretreatment with CPZ or quinacrine appeared to improve the function of the preserved liver.
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PMID:Chlorpromazine, quinacrine, and verapamil as donor pretreatment in liver preservation, tested in the isolated perfused rat liver. 175 29

This study explored myocardial protective effects of allopurinol at various doses. Ninety patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or repair or replacement of cardiac valves were divided into three groups of 30 patients each in accordance with the amount of allopurinol administered to patients in each group. Patients in group I received no allopurinol, those in group II received low-dose allopurinol (total dose 1200 mg), and those in group III received high-dose allopurinol (total dose 2400 mg). Aspartate aminotransferase, cardiac isoenzyme of creatine kinase, and lactic dehydrogenase levels were measured up to 5 days after operation. Concentrations of allopurinol and oxypurinol were also measured before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and at the start and at the end of aortic crossclamping. Postoperative aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase 1 plus lactate dehydrogenase 2 levels in group III were significantly lower than those in groups I and II. Aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase 1 plus lactate dehydrogenase 2 levels in group II were lower than those in group I, without statistically significant differences. Plasma oxypurinol concentrations were significantly higher in group III than in group II. It was concluded that allopurinol had resultant high myocardial protective effects in dose-related fashion, but its effect might be attributed to oxypurinol levels formed by its degradation.
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PMID:A clinical trial of allopurinol (Zyloric) for myocardial protection. 200 10

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) exists in human tissues as two distinct isoenzymes, one located in the cytoplasm (c-AST), and the other in mitochondria (m-AST). Striated muscle, myocardium, and liver tissues are the main sources of AST. A growing body of information suggests that determination of AST isoenzymes in human serum is useful in evaluating damage to some of these organs. In hepatic disease, the test is used to assess liver necrosis and for determining prognosis. It may also assist in identifying patients with active alcoholic liver disease. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, measurement of AST isoenzymes provides diagnostic information that differs from that obtained by determination of total creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes, and their isoenzymes.
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PMID:Aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes. 222 56

Twenty horses of various ages had inadvertently ingested alfalfa hay contaminated with Senecio vulgaris. Among them, 4 died of liver disease. Blood was collected from affected horses at monthly intervals for 7 months and at the 9th and 14th months. The following serum enzymes and chemical items were assayed: aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, BUN, glucose, cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, calcium, total protein, and albumin. Amino acid profiles, conjugated bile acids, sulfobromophthalein clearance times, and liver histopathologic changes via serial biopsies were also monitored. Liver histopathologic changes revealed lesions progressively increasing in severity. Aspartate aminotransferase and plasma amino acid ratios indicated chronic liver degeneration (0.05 level of significance). gamma-Glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase as well as BUN values fluctuated, but returned to within reference values. Horses appeared clinically normal 14 months after intoxication, but were unable to tolerate stress of exercise.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic study of horses surviving pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Senecio vulgaris) toxicosis. 287 83


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