Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:1.1.1.27 (lactate dehydrogenase)
29,211 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the wide variations in the clinical presentation of celiac disease and because treatment exists that is effective in most cases, screening of the general population for celiac disease has been considered. There is still no evidence that patients who have symptom-free celiac disease are at increased risk of small intestinal lymphoma or other complications. Prevention of osteoporosis seems to be the strongest indicator for widespread screening today [22]. The major cause of failure to respond to a gluten-free diet is continuing ingestion of gluten, but other underlying diseases must be considered. Many different drugs (eg, anti-tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) have been used in patients who have RCD [23]. Steroid treatment has been reported to be effective even in patients who have underlying early EATL. Histologic recovery in patients who have celiac disease usually takes several months but can take up to 1 year, even if the patient remains on a strict gluten-free diet. Some patients report celiac-related symptoms for months after a single gluten intake. The definitions for RCD in literature vary. The authors consider the definition give by Daum and colleagues [24] suitable. They defined true RCD as villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased IELs persisting for more than 12 months in spite of a strict gluten-free diet. If a patient is not responding well to a gluten-free diet, three considerations are necessary: (1) the initial diagnosis of celiac disease must be reassessed;(2) the patient should be sent to a dietician to check for errors in diet or compliance problems, because problems with the gluten-free diet are the most important cause for persisting symptoms; (3) other reasons for persisting symptoms (eg, pancreatic insufficiency, irritable bowel syndrome, bacterial overgrowth, lymphocytic colitis, collagenous colitis, ulcerative jejunitis, protein-losing enteropathy,T-cell lymphoma, fructose intolerance, cavitating lymphadenopathy, and tropical sprue) should be considered. Other causes for villous atrophy are Crohn's disease, collagenous sprue, and autoimmune enteropathy. Abdulkarim and colleagues [25] examined 55 patients who had a diagnosis of nonresponsive celiac disease. He found that 6 did not have celiac disease, and25 still had some gluten ingestion.Tursi and colleagues [26] reported 15 patients who had celiac disease with persisting symptoms. Because histology improved in all patients after several months, RCD was excluded. Of the 15 patients, 10 had small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, 2 showed lactose malabsorption causing the described symptoms, 1 had mistakenly taken an antibiotic containing gluten, and 1 patient each had Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides. Thus, other entities must be considered in patients who have celiac disease and ongoing symptoms. In a follow-up clinical trial, 158 patients who had celiac disease underwent follow-up small intestine biopsies within 2 years after starting a gluten-free diet. Eleven patients (7.0%) with persisting (partial) villous atrophy were considered to have RCD; 5 of them developed EATL [27].RCD type I is characterized by normal expression of T-cell antigens and polyclonal TCR gene rearrangement.RCD type II is characterized by an abnormal IEL phenotype with the expression of intracytoplasmic CD3e, surface CD103, and the lack of classic surface T-cell markers such as CD8, CD4, and TCR-alpha/beta. This clonal IEL population can be considered crypt IEL [24]. RCD II has a poor prognosis, which is a problem for therapy. Clonal TCR gene rearrangements and loss of T-cell antigens such as CD8 and TCR-beta in IELs may indicate the development of an EATL in patients who have RCD. The markers for an overt EATL are a positive stool blood test, increased lactate dehydrogenase, or beta2-microglobulin [24]. If an overt lymphoma is suspected, upper and lower endoscopy, an ear, nose, and throat work-up, CT scan, capsule endoscopy, and possibly double-balloon enteroscopy should be performed. Most reports of the difficulties in treating patients who have true RCE are casereports. Turner and colleagues [28] reported on an induction of remission by useof the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab and maintenance with prednisoloneand azathioprine. Olaussen and colleagues [29] and Mandal and colleagues [30]tried a nonimmunogenic elemental diet. Gillet and colleagues [31] reported successful treatment of a patient who hadRCD using anti-TNF-alpha antibodies (infliximab) for induction and azathioprinefor maintenance. Maurino and colleagues [32] studied seven consecutive patients diagnosed ashaving refractory sprue and no response to oral or parenteral steroids. Aftertreatment with azathioprine (2 mg/kg/d) and oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/d), fivepatients had a complete clinical remission. Two patients who did not respond totreatment at any time died. Goerres and colleagues [33] described 18 patients who had RCD, 10 of whomhad type I RCD, and 8 of whom had type II RCD. Treatment consisted ofazathioprine combined with prednisone for 1 year. Consistent with reports byother investigators, the response rates in the two groups differed. Eight of the10 patients who had type I RCD had a histologic response. Seven of the eightpatients who had type II RCD died, and six of the eight developed a lymphoma. At present there is no effective treatment for type II RCD.Fig. 3 presents a proposed algorithm for monitoring patients who have ce-liac disease.
...
PMID:Monitoring nonresponsive patients who have celiac disease. 1687 29

To investigate clinicopathological features of pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL), we examined medical records of 98 patients (88 males and 10 females) with PAL at a median age of 70 years (range 51-86). Seventy-nine patients had a history of artificial pneumothorax. Median interval between diagnosis and artificial pneumothorax was 43 years (range 19-64). At diagnosis, performance status (PS) was 0-1 (n=56) and 2-4 (n=42). Clinical stages were I (n=42), II (n=26), III (n=8) and IV (n=22). Pathological diagnosis comprised diffuse large-B-cell (n=78) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n=1). Seventeen were treated supportively. The other 81 received aggressive treatments; chemotherapy (n=52), radiotherapy (n=7), surgery (n=4) and combination (n=18). Five-year overall survival (OS) was 0.35 (95% confidence interval, 24% to 45%). Causes of deaths were PAL (n=39), respiratory failure (n=13) and others (n=12). Multivariate analysis identified prognostic factors for OS; lactate dehydrogenase levels [hazard ratio (HR)=2.36; P=0.013], sex (female versus male) (HR=0.15; P=0.01), PS (2-4 versus 0-1) (HR=2.20; P=0.02), clinical stages (III/IV versus I/II) (HR=1.95; P=0.037) and chemotherapy (HR=0.31; P=0.01). Most patients with PAL are elderly and have comorbidities, while some of them achieve durable remission with appropriate treatments. These findings prompt us to establish an optimal treatment strategy on the basis of risk stratification of individual patients.
...
PMID:Clinicopathological features of pyothorax-associated lymphoma; a retrospective survey involving 98 patients. 1704 91

The study was aimed to investigate the BCL-XL expression and mutation, and its clinical significance in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lymphoma cells were selectively isolated by laser microdissection. BCL-XL expression from lymphoma tissue and microdissected lymphoma cells was measured by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. BCL-XL mutation was analyzed by using direct sequencing of PCR products. The results showed that compared to 15 patients with reactive hyperplasia, BCL-XL was overexpressed in follicular lymphoma (n = 30), both in lymphoma tissue (P = 0.0064) and in microdissected lymphoma cells (P < 0.0001). No significant rise of BCL-XL expression was observed in patients with T-cell lymphoma (n = 24) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n = 24). In follicular lymphoma, high BCL-XL level was associated with multiple extranodal involvement (P = 0.0004), elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (P = 0.0019), high-risk international prognostic index (P = 0.0013) and a short overall survival time (P = 0.0451). Mutation analysis revealed one synonymous mutation (Codon 109 ACA-->ACC) in one case of follicular lymphoma patient. It is concluded that BCL-XL expression is closely correlated with progress of follicular lymphoma and prognosis of patients with follicular lymphoma. The value of BCL-XL expression as a prognostic marker in follicular lymphoma should be considered.
...
PMID:[BCL-XL expression and mutation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 1709 86

To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma and its relationship with Epstein-Barr virus infection, the clinical features of a 9-year-old girl with hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma were investigated, the smears of bone marrow was stained with Wright' s stain, biopsies of bone marrow and liver specimen were embedded in plastic and sliced about 4 microm in thickness and routinely stained with HE staining, the immunohistochemical staining was used to mark the tumor cells, and EBER probes were used to detect Epstein-Barr virus RNA. The results showed that the girl presented with prolonged fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection, and elevated levels of serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase. Bone marrow aspirate revealed the infiltration of atypical lymphocytes in the bone marrow stroma. The liver biopsy specimen revealed the infiltration of lymphocytes in the sinusoids, which was positive for the T-cell associated marker CD3 and activated cytotoxicity-associated marker granzyme B. In-situ hybridization analysis with EBER probes revealed that the above-mentioned characteristics were negative in neoplastic cells. It is concluded that hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma is a disease with distinctive clinical, histopathologic, and phenotypic characteristics. Hepatic and/or splenic and/or bone marrow biopsy with combined phenotype is beneficial to diagnosis. Epstein-Barr virus infection is late event involving an already transformed gammadelta T-cell clone.
...
PMID:[Hepatosplenic gammadelta T cell lymphoma and its relationship with Epstein-Barr virus infection]. 1720 79

To evaluate the outcome of CHOP chemotherapy and radiotherapy in Stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, 53 patients with stage IE and IIE nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were studied. By the Ann Arbor Lymphoma Staging Classification, 41 patients (77%) had Stage IE disease and 12 patients (23%) had Stage IIE disease. All patients were treated curatively using chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of up to six cycles of the standard CHOP based regimen. The median radiation dose to the tumor bed was 45 Gy for all patients. The median follow-up for all 39 surviving patients was 30.2 months (range, 6 - 104 months). Twenty-six patients had complete response after chemotherapy, and all patients who completed first line chemotherapy achieved complete response after radiotherapy. The 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 75.6% and 61.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that perforation as a presenting symptom, elevated pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and ECOG performance status >or=2 were significant independent prognostic factors for this group of patients. Combined chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation produced suboptimal outcome for patients with early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Further investigations, preferably prospective clinical trials, for more efficacious treatment strategies are needed to improve the treatment outcome of this malignancy.
...
PMID:Combined chemotherapy and external beam radiation for stage IE and IIE natural killer T-cell lymphoma of nasal cavity. 1732 2

The records of 34 patients diagnosed with primary small bowel non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during a 10-year period between January 1996 and December 2005, including 27 cases for which complete follow-up records were available, were studied. Abdominal pain (70.6% of patients) was the main presenting symptom, followed by intestinal obstruction (38.2%). The most common primary site was the ileum (58.8%), followed by the jejunum (26.5%) and duodenum (17.6%); one case had tumours at two sites in the small bowel. Twenty-seven patients had small bowel B-cell lymphoma (24 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; three mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma) and seven patients had small bowel T-cell lymphoma. Cumulative survival in patients with small bowel B-cell lymphoma was higher than that in patients with small bowel T-cell lymphoma. Data on 16 male and eight female patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma showed that 62.5% of these patients presented with disease stages I or II and 37.5% with stages III or IV. Cumulative survival in patients at stages IE or IIE was significantly higher than that of patients at stages IIIE or IVE. Four of five patients who died from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma had abnormal levels of lactate dehydrogenase and serum albumin.
...
PMID:Primary small-bowel non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study of clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis. 1759 70

T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (T-LAHS) has been frequently reported in Asian countries and is considered with extremely poor prognosis. To summarize its clinical characteristics and explore its early diagnosis and treatment, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 113 patients with aggressive T cell lymphoma, of which 28 were associated with LAHS. According to WHO classification (2001), 22 cases were classified into peripheral T-cell lymphoma (unspecified), 2 into extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, and 4 into systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The median survivals of the LAHS and no-LAHS groups were 40 days and 8 months, respectively. The elevating rates of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (100% vs. 55%), ferritin (100% vs. 64%), fasting triglycerides (79% vs. 43%), and hypofibrinogen (43% vs. 14%) levels were higher in the LAHS group than in the no-LAHS group (P < 0.05), so were bone marrow involvement (57% vs. 32%, P < 0.05) and liver dysfunction (40% vs. 13%, P < 0.05). Eleven of the 28 LAHS patients did not receive any chemotherapy, and 14 received CHOP regimen as initial chemotherapy. Three patients in critical conditions were given plasma exchange and gained the chance of initial chemotherapy. We suggest that in patients presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and constantly increasing levels of serum LDH, CA125, ferritin, transglutaminase, and beta2-microglobulin, T-LAHS should be taken into account. Repeating biopsies of multiple parts of bone marrow may help diagnosis. The therapeutic result of chemotherapy alone or combined for T-LAHS was discouraging and the survival time of most cases was no more than 1 year. Plasmapheresis as initial therapy is worth considering in critical cases.
...
PMID:Clinical characteristics of T-cell lymphoma associated with hemophagocytic syndrome: comparison of T-cell lymphoma with and without hemophagocytic syndrome. 1820 16

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, which results from unlimited proliferation and disturbs various cellular activities. Queuine is a highly modified base analogue of guanine found at first anti-codon position of specific tRNAs i.e. tRNA(Tyr), tRNA(His), tRNA(Asp) and tRNA(Asn). These tRNAs are known as Q-family of tRNA. The tRNAs of Q-family are completely modified to Q-tRNAs in terminally differentiated somatic cells, however hypomodification of Q-tRNA is closely associated with cell proliferation and malignancy. Queuosine modification of tRNAs may be essential for normal development, differentiation and cellular functions. Physiological role of queuine remains ill defined but direct or indirect evidences suggest that queuine or Q-tRNA participates in many cellular functions such as regulation of cell proliferation, control of glycolytic metabolism, alteration in expression of proto-oncogenes, modulation of signal transduction pathways but the mechanism is not well known. Increase in LDH-A expression regulated by c-myc is well documented in a variety of tumor cells. Overexpression of proto-oncogenes cause deregulated cellular responses which may lead to development of cancer. The cellular proto-oncogenes like c-myc and c-fos have important role in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. The present study is aimed to investigate queuine mediated modulation in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and expression of proto-oncogenes like c-myc and c-fos in T-cell lymphoma (DLAT) induced cancerous mouse. The results indicate that elevated lactate dehydrogenase activity is brought down by queuine treatments and the elevated levels of c-Myc and c-Fos in DLAT cancerous mouse are down-regulated, suggesting that queuine inhibits anaerobic metabolism and cell proliferation.
...
PMID:Modulation in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and level of c-Myc and c-Fos by modified base queuine in cancer. 1834 22

A novel ruthenium(II)-complex containing 4-carboxy N-ethylbenzamide (Ru(II)-CNEB) was found to interact with and inhibit M4-lactate dehydrogenase (M4-LDH), a tumor growth supportive enzyme, at the tissue level. The present article describes modulation of M4-LDH by this compound in a T-cell lymphoma (Dalton's Lymphoma: DL) vis a vis regression of the tumor in vivo. The compound showed a dose dependent cytotoxicity to DL cells in vitro. When a non toxic dose (10 mg/kg bw i.p.) of Ru(II)-CNEB was administered to DL bearing mice, it also produced a significant decline in DL cell viability in vivo. The DL cells from Ru(II)-CNEB treated DL mice showed a significant decline in the level of M4-LDH with a concomitant release of this protein in the cell free ascitic fluid. A significant increase of nuclear DNA fragmentation in DL cells from Ru(II)-CNEB treated DL mice also coincided with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in those DL cells. Importantly, neither blood based biochemical markers of liver damage nor the normal patterns of LDH isozymes in other tissues were affected due to the treatment of DL mice with the compound. These results were also comparable with the effects of cisplatin (an anticancer drug) observed simultaneously on DL mice. The findings suggest that Ru(II)-CNEB is able to regress Dalton's lymphoma in vivo via declining M4-LDH and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction-apoptosis pathway without producing any toxicity to the normal tissues.
...
PMID:Regression of Dalton's lymphoma in vivo via decline in lactate dehydrogenase and induction of apoptosis by a ruthenium(II)-complex containing 4-carboxy N-ethylbenzamide as ligand. 1904 64

We reviewed 173 patients with an initial diagnosis of peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PTCL) and compared the patients with bone marrow involvement (BMI) to those without to have a better understanding of the clinical characteristics, treatments, survival and prognosis of PTCLs with BMI. We found that 40% (70/173) of the patients had BMI, and its frequency was 64% in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (TCL), 46% in PTCL unspecified, 29% in anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, 23% in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and 13% in enteropathy-type TCL. In the BMI group, 36% of patients had lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS), compared with 8% of the patients without BMI (8/103, P < 0.001). The estimated 1-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with LAHS in the BMI and non-BMI groups were 5 and 49%, respectively. The increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, fasting triglycerides and beta(2)-microglobulin between the BMI and non-BMI groups were not significantly different, but ferritin increased significantly and liver dysfunction-related diseases were seen more in the BMI group. As much as 51% of patients of the BMI group had anemia, compared with 27% of the patients without BMI (P = 0.001). The estimated 2-year OS rates in the two groups were 10 and 34%. The estimated 2-year OS rate of the 67 patients with BMI, who did not lose to follow-up, was 22%, compared with 38% in the non-BMI group. The median survival times of the 2 groups were 120 and 356 days. The estimated 2-year OS rate of patients treated by CHOP regimen was 9%, compared with 51% of those with intensive chemotherapy, with a significant difference (log rank P = 0.0008). The median survival time of the 14 patients subjected to chemotherapy combined with L: -asparaginase was 365 days and that of the 7 patients undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was 575 days. A total of 3 patients in a critical condition underwent plasmapheresis as initial therapy and achieved stable condition. We conclude that patients with PTCLs with BMI on initial diagnosis usually have hemaphagocytic syndrome and poor prognosis. BMI without lymphadenopathy is a patent clinical feature in most PTCLs. Patients with anemia on initial diagnosis in the BMI group usually have poor prognosis than those without. Intense chemotherapy, addition of L: -asparaginase in chemotherapy and HSCT are comparatively efficient treatments of PTCLs. For patients in critical conditions, plasmapheresis before chemotherapy would lower the risk and improve the tolerance to chemotherapy.
...
PMID:Clinicopathological study on peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bone marrow involvement: a retrospective analysis from China. 1972 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>

---