Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase)
 9,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have identified an alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Pseudomonas putida strains carrying the CAM-OCT degradative plasmid that were grown on octane. The activity is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide independent, sediments at 48,000 x g, and shows 20-fold greater activity with octanol rather than butanol as substrate. The enzyme is inducible by unoxidized alkane and is present only in strains that have the OCT plasmid genes for alkane degradation with a wild-type alcO locus. No analogous chromosomal dehydrogenase could be detected. Wild-type and actanol-negative mutants (alcA-) without plasmids both contain a constitutive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked soluble alcohol dehydrogenase activity. This means that alcA- mutants are cryptic for octanol oxidation and suggests that the particulate plasmid-coded alcohol dehydrogenase activity is active on surface- or membrane-bound substrate.
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PMID:Plasmid-determined alcohol dehydrogenase activity in alkane-utilizing strains of Pseudomonas putida. 17 5

We characterized and mapped new mutations of the alk (alkane utilization) genes found on Pseudomonas plasmids of the Inc P-2 group. These mutations were isolated after (i) nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, (ii) transposition of the Tn7 trimethoprim and streptomycin resistance determinant, and (iii) reversion of polarity effects of alk::Tn7 insertion mutations. Our results indicate the existence of two alk loci not previously described--alkD, whose product is required for synthesis of membrane alkane-oxidizing activities, and alkE, whose product is required for synthesis of inducible membrane alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Polarity of alk::Tn7 insertion mutations indicates the existence of an alkBAE operon. Mapping of alk loci by transduction in P. aeruginosa shows that there are at least three alk clusters in the CAM-OCT plasmid--alkRD, containing regulatory genes; alkBAE, containing genes for specific biochemical activities; and alkC, containing one or more genes needed for normal synthesis of membrane alcohol dehydrogenase. The alkRD and alkBAE clusters are linked but separated by about 42 kilobases. The alkC cluster is not linked to either of the other two alk regions. Altogether, these results indicate a complex genetic control of the alkane utilization phenotype in P. putida and P. aeruginosa involving at least six separate genes.
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PMID:Insertion element analysis and mapping of the Pseudomonas plasmid alk regulon. 47 11

We have studied the appearance of whole-cell oxidizing activity for n-alkanes and their oxidation products in strains of Pseudomonas putida carrying the OCT plasmid. Our results indicate that the OCT plasmid codes for inducible alkane-hydroxylating and primary alcohol-dehydrogenating activities and that the chromosome codes for constitutive oxidizing activities for primary alcohols, aliphatic aldehydes, and fatty acids. Mutant isolation confirms the presence of an alcohol dehydrogenase locus on the OCT plasmid and indicated the presence of multiple alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase loci on the P. putida chromosome. Induction tests with various compounds indicate that inducer recognition has specificity for chain length and can be affected by the degree of oxidation of the carbon chain. Some inducers are neither growth nor respiration substrates. Growth tests with and without a gratuitous inducer indicate that undecane is not a growth substrate because it does not induce alkane hydroxylase activity. Using a growth test for determining induction of the plasmid alcohol dehydrogenase it is possible to show that heptane induces this activity in hydroxylase-negative mutants. This suggests that unoxidized alkane molecules are the physiological inducers of both plasmid activities.
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PMID:Regulation of alkane oxidation in Pseudomonas putida. 115 Jun 26

The alkBFGHJKL and alkST operons encode enzymes that allow Pseudomonas putida (oleovorans) to metabolize alkanes. In this paper we report the nucleotide sequence of a 4592 bp region of the alkBFGHJKL operon encoding the AlkJ, AlkK and AlkL polypeptides. The alkJ gene encodes a protein of 59 kilodaltons. The predicted amino acid sequence shows significant homology with four flavin proteins: choline dehydrogenase, a glucose dehydrogenase and two oxidases. AlkJ is membrane-bound and converts aliphatic medium-chain-length alcohols into aldehydes. The properties of AlkJ suggest that it is linked to the electron transfer chain. AlkJ is necessary for growth on alkanes only in P. putida alcohol dehydrogenase (AlcA) mutants. AlkK is homologous to a range of proteins which act by an ATP-dependent covalent binding of AMP to their substrate. This list includes the acetate, coumarate and long-chain fatty acid CoA ligases. The alkK gene complements a fadD mutation in Escherichia coli, which shows that it indeed encodes an acyl-CoA synthetase. AlkK is a 60 kilodalton protein located in the cytoplasm. AlkL is homologous to OmpW, a Vibrio cholerae outer membrane protein of unknown function, and a hypothetical polypeptide encoded by ytt4 in E. coli. AlkL, OmpW and Ytt4 all have a signal peptide and end with a sequence characteristic of outer membrane proteins. The alkL gene product was found in the outer membrane of E. coli W3110 containing the alk-genes. The alkL gene can be deleted without a clear effect on growth rate. Its function remains unknown. The G+C content of the alkJKL genes is 45%, identical to that of the alkBFGH genes, and significantly lower than the G+C content of the OCT-plasmid and the P. putida chromosome.
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PMID:DNA sequence determination and functional characterization of the OCT-plasmid-encoded alkJKL genes of Pseudomonas oleovorans. 145 53

We analyzed the reversion of strains carrying alk208, a mutation in the alkBAC (alkane utilization) region of the Pseudomonas CAM-OCT plasmid. Reversion of alk208 was stimulated 25 to 75-fold by small doses of UV-irradiation. All alkane hydroxylase-positive (AlkB+) revertants proved to be aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase-positive (AlkC+) as well, whereas AlkC+ revertants could be either AlkB+ or AlkB-. Most of the AlkB- AlkC+ partial revertants produced AlkC- segregants at measurable frequencies. UV-irradiation substantially increased the rate of AlkC- segregation. Most segregants reverted to AlkB+ or AlkC+ at frequencies similar to the original alk208 strain. Dot blot hybridization analyses using cloned probes from various regions of CAM-OCT revealed that the partial revertants contained specific amplications of alk DNA. The endpoints of these amplifications mapped in at least two regions. AlkC- segregants had lost the DNA amplifications.
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PMID:Reversal by DNA amplifications of an unusual mutation blocking alkane and alcohol utilization in Pseudomonas putida. 659 34