Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase)
 9,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared plasma ANP concentration and atrial content of ANP as well as plasma concentrations of other fluid regulating hormones and renal function between the MVR group (n = 12) and the non MVR group (n = 14) during open heart surgery. Preoperatively there was no significant difference in plasma ADH and ACTH between two groups, however plasma ANP was significantly higher in the MVR group (96.9 +/- 16.2 pg/ml) than in the non MVR group (22.8 +/- 8.6 pg/ml) (p less than 0.01). During extracorporeal circulation ANP was at a low level because of aortic clamping. Tissue concentration of ANP in right appendages was higher (p less than 0.02) in the MVR group (61.8 +/- 11.8 nmol/g wet weight) (n = 6) than that in the non MVR group (14.9 +/- 3.1 nmol/g wel weight) (n = 15). Also, concentration in left appendages of the MVR group (50.0 +/- 10.4 nmol/g wet weight) (n = 4) was higher than that in right appendages of the non MVR group (p less than 0.05). From these results it may be concluded that increased secretion of ANP is elicited by left atrial load and probably playing an important role on circulating blood volume regulation.
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PMID:[Mitral valve disease and atrial natriuretic polypeptide]. 295 50

Thirty two male patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were given low (group A, 0.01 mg/kg bw) and high dose (group B, 0.035 mg/kg bw) fentanyl anaesthesia. Haemodynamic and hormone responses were investigated from the beginning of anaesthesia until extracorporeal circulation (ECC) (group A: n = 16; group B: n = 16). Significant changes in haemodynamics occurred only in group A including an increase in heart rate (36%) and systolic arterial pressure (21%). Plasma vasopressin (ADH) levels rose significantly in both groups after the beginning or surgical procedure which was markedly less pronounced in patients with high fentanyl (group B). In group A (low dose) a second dose of fentanyl was given after sternotomy, which was followed by a significant decrease in ADH (80% from previous value). No significant variations could be demonstrated in plasma levels of cortisol, ACTH, and human growth hormone (HGH). The data stress the importance of plasma-vasopressin-levels in determining the endocrine stress response following trauma and operation. On the other hand there was a lack of correlation between trauma and pain and frequently reported patterns of the endocrine-metabolic stress response.
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PMID:[Significance of endocrine parameters of stress]. 299 19

The most examined tumor markers in lung cancer patients are CEA, hormonal peptides, and some neurogenic enzymes in small cell carcinoma. Calcitonin, ACTH, ADH, CEA, neurophysin, oxytocin, beta-endorphin, neuron-specific enolase, and CK BB are elevated in serum specimens in 25-75% of cases of small cell carcinoma. The level of these markers is related to the stage of the disease in groups of patients; elevated pretreatment levels decrease with tumor regression. Marker levels are not valid in defining the tumor load and the presence of disease in the individual patient. It has not yet been documented that the markers can be used for clinical decisions on antineoplastic therapy. A recent development is the finding that measurement of CSF and plasma concentrations of ADH, calcitonin, CK BB, bombesin, and neuron-specific enolase may contribute in the diagnosis of CNS metastases including meningeal carcinomatosis.
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PMID:Tumor markers in patients with lung cancer. 300 40

In order to demonstrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between fentanyl and buprenorphine, 3 groups of patients (n = 30) were compared, receiving either fentanyl (0.005 mg/kg b.w.) or buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg b.w.) or both opioids as analgesic during surgery for disc protrusion. For a period of 4 h haemodynamic parameters were monitored and blood samples were taken for determination of the following concentrations: ADH, ACTH, cortisol, glucose, unbound glycerol, fentanyl and buprenorphine. Blood gas analyses were performed up to 2 h postoperatively. Although in all groups haemodynamic parameters were constant, there was an increase in factors related to operative stress (cortisol, glucose, unbound glycerol, postoperative acidosis) after the combination of both opioids, while postoperative ventilatory parameters in this group were not improved by the partial agonist buprenorphine. Plasma levels were not affected by combined application, except for a slight elevation of buprenorphine concentrations during additional use of fentanyl. Buprenorphine, at least in higher dosages, seems to antagonize analgesia induced by fentanyl, although respiratory depression is even more pronounced. It may be assumed, that with partial agonists the relation of agonistic and antagonistic activity may be different, depending on the dosage used and on the respective pharmacologic effect observed during investigation.
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PMID:[Intra- and postoperative interactions between the 2 opioids fentanyl and buprenorphine]. 301 44

In some instances, tumors can produce signs and symptoms at a distance from the tumor or its metastases. These are defined as paraneoplastic syndrome or humoral syndrome associated with neoplasms. Paraneoplastic syndromes can arise from circulating substances secreted by tumors. The most well-recognized and frequent concomitant of neoplasms is the production of hormones by nonendocrine tumors. These are usually called ectopic hormone-producing tumors and bring about clinically endocrinologic manifestations secondary to hormone excess in patients with nonendocrine tumors. Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes frequently observed are Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic production of ACTH, SIADH due to ectopic production of ADH, hyper-calcemia, hypoglycemia and so on. In order to establish a paraneoplastic etiology for alteration in hormone production, evidence that the hormone is produced by the tumor must be proved. Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes should be distinguished from hormone production by benign cells, hormone production by a malignancy of an endocrine organ or alterations in hormone production being due to infiltration into the endocrine organ by a primary tumor. The treatment of ectopic endocrine syndromes should be directed primarily at the tumor. Because the course of this type of syndrome usually runs parallel to the course of the underlying tumor, the ectopically produced hormone can be a useful monitoring marker of the disease.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes]. 301 95

Furosemide has been reported to have a suppressive effect on ADH-, PTH- and adrenaline-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production, but the effect on adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) action has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, therefore, the effects of furosemide on cAMP and also on guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and corticosterone, stimulated by ACTH in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells, were investigated. The intra- and extracellular cAMP stimulated by ACTH was dose-dependently suppressed by furosemide within the concentration range of 10(-3) M to 3 X 10(-3) M, and the suppressive effect of the drug was accompanied with decreased corticosterone production. However, non-stimulated basal corticosterone production was not influenced by the drug even at 3 X 10(-3) M. A similar suppressive effect of dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated corticosterone production by 3 X 10(-3) M furosemide was observed. The intracellular cAMP bound to its binding protein in sonicated adrenal cell extract was also suppressed in a very similar dose-dependent manner to total cAMP. However, though the effect on corticosterone production was also observed when the calcium concentration in the loading medium was changed, the magnitude of the effectiveness (percent of control) was relatively constant at each calcium concentration, suggesting that furosemide may not affect the site(s) at which calcium acts. Intracellular cGMP, on the other hand, was increased by 10(-3) M to 3 X 10(-3) M of furosemide, suggesting an intensifying effect of furosemide on guanylate cyclase activity. Dibutyryl cGMP-stimulated corticosterone production was also increased at the same concentration range. These results indicated that furosemide may act not only on adenylate cyclase but also on the additional step(s) to suppress the resultant corticosterone production. In contrast to the effects of furosemide on such cAMP-mediated processes, this drug treatment appeared to enhance cGMP-mediated corticosterone production.
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PMID:The effects of furosemide on adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and corticosterone production stimulated by adrenocorticotropin in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells. 301 48

The endocrine stress response under inhalation anesthesia with halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane was investigated in 30 patients during and after orthopedic surgery (Table 2). Plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline (by HPLC/ECD), ADH, ACTH, and cortisol (by RIA), glucose, lactate, and free glycerol were determined before induction of anesthesia, 10 min after intubation, 10 min before the end of the operation, and 5 and 30 min after extubation. Statistical evaluation was undertaken by analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor. P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of plasma catecholamines (Table 4, Figs. 1 and 2), ADH, ACTH (Table 5, Figs. 3 and 4), or cortisol before and during surgery between the groups. ADH was lower in the halothane group 5 and 30 min after extubation (P = 0.05), which might be due to the prolonged elimination of halothane after anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate (Table 3), and plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and free glycerol (Table 6) were comparable in all groups. It is concluded that for clinical practice halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane are comparable in their influence on the surgical stress response.
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PMID:[Endocrine stress response in halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in surgical interventions]. 303 34

In the first experimental series, 10 healthy male test subjects with a high susceptibility to motion sickness showed a significant increase of ACTH, cortisol, STH, prolactin, ADH, aldosterone concentrations, and plasma renin activity after vestibular tests. The 10 subjects with a moderate susceptibility exhibited a still higher increase of the hormones, except plasma renin. The 8 test subjects with a low susceptibility displayed a considerable increase in ACTH, cortisol, and STH after vestibular stimulation. In the second experimental series, the increase of STH, cortisol, ADH, aldosterone and renin occurred immediately after rotation in the moderate susceptibility subjects and an hour after exposure in the high susceptibility subjects. This may be indicative of specific immediate adaptation mechanisms or excitation transfer in the CNS in high susceptibility persons. In the third experimental animal series, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier for 125I and IgG increased after rotation. Greater concentrations of potassium, chloride, and urea in CSF are suggestive of an inhibition process activation in the CNS and, probably, of an active urea transport by the vascular plexus epithelium which maintains constant osmotic pressure of cerebral extracellular fluid and prevents hyper-hydration of CNS neurons.
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PMID:Hormonal status and fluid electrolyte metabolism in motion sickness. 337 37

In order to investigate whether the increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR during carotid endarterectomy are due to a systemic, sympathicotonic stress response and to compare two anesthetic regimens for this operation, 20 patients were randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) modified neuroleptanesthesia with midazolam, fentanyl, and vecuronium: and (2) isoflurane anesthesia with vecuronium relaxation. Premedication (pethidine, promethazine) and induction of anesthesia were similar in both groups. The plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine (by HPLC/ECD), ADH, ACTH, and cortisol (by RIA), glucose, lactate, and free glycerol were determined before and after induction of anesthesia, 7 times during the operation, and 30 min after extubation. MAP and HR were measured continuously. Statistical evaluation was undertaken by analysis of variance with repeated measures on 1 factor, considering P values of less than 0.05 as significant. The endocrine parameters failed to show any remarkable increase during the entire operation period. After the end of the operation all hormones rose significantly (P less than 0.001). No correlation was found between plasma catecholamines and increases in MAP and HR. Group levels of norepinephrine and ADH were higher in the isoflurane group (P less than 0.04). It is concluded that cardiovascular reactions during carotid endarterectomy are not caused by systemic stress. Neuroleptanesthesia leads to better stress protection in the postoperative period, while isoflurane anesthesia has some advantages for the intraoperative control of arterial pressure.
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PMID:[Reaction of the sympathetic nervous system, cardiovascular parameters and endocrine stress response in disobliterating interventions of the carotid arteries. A comparison of isoflurane anesthesia and modified neurolepto-anesthesia]. 340 93

Identification of modulatory properties of morphine on certain hormonal secretions and that of opiate-receptor specific endogenous ligands has stimulated research in many fields, including role of opioid peptides in hypophysial secretion regulation. Availability of long-acting agonists and of antagonists of opioid peptides has provided data on their pharmacologic effects and possible role in hormonal physiology. The aim of the present report is to provide an update review of the influence of opioid peptides in hypophysial secretion regulation, while accepting that multiplicity of peptides and receptors does not allow formal conclusions to be drawn. At pharmacologic doses, opioid agonists stimulate prolactin and growth hormone secretion whereas that of LH and ACTH is inhibited. Secretion of TSH is little modified and that of ADH is stimulus-related. The opioid peptides are involved physiologically in the multifactorial regulation of gonadotropin secretion, other hypophysial secretions being mainly unaffected. Finally, "hypothalamic" amenorrhea appears to be the only pathologic model for which opioid peptides can be implicated. Finer analysis of physiologic role of endogenous opioid systems and their possible pathologic effects requires availability of selective agonists and notably antagonists.
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PMID:[Role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of pituitary secretions]. 354 76


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