Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase)
 9,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
 ...
PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

A sensitive enzyme immunoassay was developed for human angiotensin converting enzyme. Monoclonal antibodies specific for two unique converting enzyme epitopes were utilized to develop a two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Alkaline phosphatase conjugated to the detecting antibody hydrolyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) to NAD. Subsequently, NAD is cycled between its reduced and oxidized forms by an alcohol dehydrogenase/diaphorase catalyzed redox cycle. Each cycle converts iodonitrotetrazolium violet to a highly colored formazan which is quantitated. With this assay, as little as 94 pg/ml of native converting enzyme is detectable without interference from either therapeutic or endogenous converting enzyme inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:A sensitive two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human angiotensin converting enzyme utilizing monoclonal antibodies. 169 77

Hamster pouch buccal epithelium (HPBE) was isolated and grown in primary cultures on rat-tail collagen-coated growth surfaces. The cultured pouch buccal epithelium (CPBE) was characterized morphologically with electron microscopy as stratified multilayers of epithelial cells with well-developed tonofibrillar-desmosomal complexes. Only the superficial layer of the cultured cells exhibited evidence of terminal differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aminopeptidase activities in the primary cultured cells were determined by biochemical assays and found to be similar to those of homogenates of freshly excised hamster pouch epithelium. In addition, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), keratins and total proteins associated with the cultured cells were similar to those of freshly excised HPBE. The permeability characteristics of the cultured cells was determined by placing cultured cells grown on permeable polycarbonate disks in a Side-Bi-Side diffusion apparatus and quantitating the transcellular flux of tritium-labeled water, fluorescein, and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans (MW 3800 to 150,000). The cultured cells were least permeable on the third day of culture and were not permeable to substances with a MW greater than about 18,000. Our results indicate that primary cultures of hamster pouch epithelium exhibit biochemical properties similar to those of the excised hamster pouch epithelium from which they were derived. The morphological and permeability characteristics of cultured hamster epithelium were similar to those of nonkeratinized stratified oral epithelia typical of buccal mucosa in man, rabbit, and other species. CPBE, as described here, represents a potentially useful tool for in vitro drug transport, metabolism, pharmacology, and toxicology studies.
 ...
PMID:Cultured buccal epithelium: an in vitro model derived from the hamster pouch for studying drug transport and metabolism. 247 7