Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT03226 (vitamin E)
 17,558 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines recommend dietary restriction of fat and cholesterol to reduce high circulating cholesterol concentrations in adult Americans. Thus, diet counselors recommend consumption of fewer than four egg yolks per week. The present protocol was designed to determine whether the efficacy of an NCEP diet would be reduced by the incorporation of 12 modified eggs per week, and whether the resulting low fat, high cholesterol diet would increase serum lipid concentrations in adults with initial undesirably high (5.17-7.76 mmol/L) concentrations of serum total cholesterol. Feeding a controlled ration to laying hens produced modified eggs that consistently contained more vitamin E and iodine, and more unsaturated fat, than generic eggs. Subjects were randomly assigned to and NCEP diet including either no whole eggs or 12 whole study eggs a week. Ninety-eight subjects completed the parallel study. Subjects in both groups significantly reduced their serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001 for total and LDL cholesterol, P < 0.02 for HDL cholesterol) over the 6 wk of study. No significant differences were found between diet groups. We conclude that the study eggs did not adversely affect measured lipid concentrations when added to a low fat diet that favorably alters lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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PMID:Modified eggs are compatible with a diet that reduces serum cholesterol concentrations in humans. 836 Jul 87

We carried out an extensive health profile analysis in spring-winter 1986 in four Eastern Finnish rural villages as a part of the Healthy Village Study. Altogether, 793 people at working age (20-64 years of age, 427 men and 366 women) participated (80%). Serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) and plasma vitamins (vitamin A, D, E and C) were measured as biochemical indicators of health. The dietary habits were reflected in high serum total cholesterol, and in low plasma vitamin C (ascorbic acid, mean 34.4 mumol/l in men, and 51.2 mumol/l in women). The plasma levels of the other vitamins studied were, in general, satisfactory. The mean plasma concentration of vitamin A (retinol) was 2.70 mumol/l in men, and 2.23 mumol/l in women. The gender, high body weight and the use of animal fats had the strongest association to apparent plasma retinol concentrations. The corresponding plasma concentrations of vitamin D (25-hydroxy-D) were 34.1 nmol/l and 35.4 nmol/l, and vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) 22.1 mumol/l and 22.2 mumol/l. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-OHD less than 12.5 nmol/l) was seen in 5% of the subjects. A good vitamin D status was correlated with the use of vitamin supplements, and, surprisingly, with the frequent consumption of alcohol.
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PMID:Epidemiology of vitamins A, E, D and C in rural villages in Finland: biochemical, nutritional and socioeconomical aspects. 147 5

In a 26-year-old patient there have been benign enlargements of the lymphatic nodes and a splenomegaly since the end of the adolescence. In the 21st year of age the diagnosis of a Tangier disease was made. Allogenic HDL-rich serum fraction (COHN IV/1-fraction, prepared according to the modified method 6) infused under therapeutic aspect led to a prolonged increase of the serum total cholesterol and of the thrombocytes. The results pled for an activation of the reverse cholesterol transport. Excessively high malonic dialdehyde concentrations in the serum were relating to a "free radical"-associated metabolic defect, which was caused by the hypocholesterolaemia, the reduced transport capacity of vitamin E in the plasma and the nutrition poor in selenium and cholesterol, respectively. Under a nutritive antioxidant supplementation with sodium selenite and D-alpha-tocopherol a slight increase of the total cholesterol, of the thrombocytes as well as a normalization of the MDA values could be reached. The chronic oxidative stress appeared in the patient in a distinct lipofuscinosis of the skin and formations of naevus-cell naevi as an expression of massive denaturations of protein-lipids. In the Tangier disease we must reckon with an increased mutagenic effect of free radicals with an additional DNS repair capacity as well as an increased sensitivity to radical-generating cancerogenic xenobiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Tangier disease--a "free radical"-associated disease. Results of HDL and anti-oxidant therapy with selenium and D-alpha tocopherol]. 166 43

Male mongrel rabbits, divided into 5 groups (1) controls, (2) animals receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) containing cholesterol and coconut oil, (3) HFD + selenium, (4) HFD + vitamin E, (5) HFD + selenium + vitamin E, were treated for 12 weeks. In the groups receiving selenium and/or vitamin E, the elevation of serum total lipids, beta-lipoproteins, total cholesterol and triglyceride was markedly suppressed. HDL cholesterol in these groups of animals was increased. The cytochrome P-450 content in liver microsomes was increased, and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the blood plasma of rabbits was significantly decreased, while thyroid hormones (T4, T3), cortisol and insulin level were increased. Surface area of the lipid deposits at 12 weeks measured planimetrically averaged 76% in HFD-fed animals but only 28% in selenium + vitamin E treated rabbits. The important finding of this study is that combination of selenium and vitamin E, results in an intensified effect on the improvement of metabolic processes and on the reduction of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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PMID:Effect of selenium and vitamin E on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. 167 Feb 89

A major public health concern of affluent nations is the excessive consumption of dietary fats which are now closely linked to coronary heart disease. Against this scenario, the tropical oils and palm oil in particular, have been cast as major villains in the U.S.A., despite the fact that palm oil consumption there is negligible. The unsuspecting public may not realise that the call to avoid palm oil is nothing more than a trade ploy since in recent years palm oil has been very competitive and has gained a major share of the world's edible oils and fats market. Many also lose sight of the fact that, palm oil, like other edible oils and fats, is an important component of the diet. The allegation that palm oil consumption leads to raised blood cholesterol levels and is therefore atherogenic is without scientific foundation. Examination of the chemical and fatty acid composition of palm oil or its liquid fraction should convince most nutritionists that the oil has little cholesterol-raising potential. The rationale for these are: it is considered cholesterol free. its major saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (16:0) has recently been shown to be neutral in its cholesterolaemic effect, particularly in situations where the LDL receptors have not been down-regulated by dietary means or through a genetic effect. palm oil contains negligible amounts (less than 1.5%) of the hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids, namely lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0). it has moderately rich amounts of the hypocholesterolaemic, monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1, omega-9) and adequate amounts of linoleic acid. (18:2, omega-6). It contains minor components such as the vitamin E tocotrienols which are not only powerful antioxidants but are also natural inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. Feeding experiments in various animal species and humans also do not support the allegation that palm oil is atherogenic. On the contrary, palm oil consumption reduces blood cholesterol in comparison with the traditional sources of saturated fats such as coconut oil, dairy and animal fats. In addition, palm oil consumption may raise HDL levels and reduce platelet aggregability. As with all nutrients, there is a need to obtain a balance of different fatty acids found in fats in edible oils and other food sources. There is no single ideal source of fat that answers to the recent American Heart Association's call to reflect a 1:1:1 ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in relation to the recommended dietary fat intake of 30% of calories or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of palm oil on cardiovascular risk. 183 37

Effects of a diet containing different amount of vitamin E-enriched egg yolk powder on lipid peroxidation, hemolysis, and serum lipid concentration were examined in young and old rats. Young and old rats were fed experimental diets containing 5.6% or 22.5% of normal egg yolk powder, and 5.6% or 22.5% of vitamin E-enriched egg yolk powder. When young rats were fed these diets, their tocopherol concentrations in testes, heart, kidneys, and retroperitoneum fat pads increased according to the diet tocopherol contents. Lipid peroxide levels in these tissues were inversely proportional to the tocopherol concentrations. The liver and serum, however, did not show the above relationship. In the rats fed vitamin E-enriched egg yolk diets hemolysis did not increase, in contrast to those fed normal egg yolk diets. The rats fed a 5.6% vitamin E-enriched egg yolk diet had a lower serum cholesterol level than those fed a normal egg yolk diet. In old rats, one control group was used to determine initial tocopherol concentration and two other groups were fed 5.6% normal and vitamin E-enriched egg yolk diets. The vitamin E-enriched egg yolk rats showed lower weights of the body, liver, and retroperitoneum fat pads at the end of the experiment. The normal egg yolk group had atrophied testes. The tissue and serum tocopherol concentrations were increased in the vitamin E-enriched egg yolk group, whereas they were decreased in the normal egg yolk group. In the vitamin E-enriched egg yolk group, lipid peroxide, hemolysis and serum cholesterol, especially HDL-cholesterol, did not increase. These results indicate that egg yolk tocopherol was absorbed and prevented lipid peroxidation and hemolysis in young and old rats, and testes atrophy in old rats.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin E-enriched egg yolk on lipid peroxidation, hemolysis and serum lipid concentration in young and old rats. 191 8

Serum vitamin A, retinyl esters and vitamin E were increased in a group of 33 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome without reduction of mean glomerular filtration rate. Despite hypoproteinaemia and reduced values of serum proteins with a different molecular weight, increased values of vitamin A protein carriers were found. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, prebeta und beta lipoproteins were increased, HDL cholesterol was within the reference range. Direct relationships were found between serum retinyl esters and vitamin A, and between serum retinyl esters and prealbumin. Indirect relationships were detected between serum total cholesterol and total proteins, serum total cholesterol and albumin, and serum vitamin E and albumin. The increased values of vitamin A, retinyl esters as well as its protein carriers and of vitamin E were probably a manifestation of enhanced protein and lipid synthesis in the liver as a result of albumin depletion. These results show true A and E hypervitaminosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Serum vitamin A, retinyl esters and vitamin E in nephrotic syndrome. 193 37

The effect of a capsulated palm-oil-vitamin E concentrate (palmvitee) on human serum and lipoprotein lipids was assessed. Each palmvitee capsule contains approximately 18, approximately 42, and approximately 240 mg of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and palm olein, respectively. All volunteers took one palmvitee capsule per day for 30 consecutive days. Overnight fasting blood was taken from each volunteer before and after the experiment. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were analyzed by using the enzymatic CHOD-PAP method. Our results showed that palmvitee lowered both serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in all the volunteers. The magnitude of reduction of serum TC ranged from 5.0% to 35.9% whereas the reduction of LDL-C values ranged from 0.9% to 37.0% when compared with their respective starting values. The effect of palmvitee on triglycerides (TGs) and HDL-C was not consistent. Our results show that the palmvitee has a hypocholesterolemic effect.
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PMID:Effect of a palm-oil-vitamin E concentrate on the serum and lipoprotein lipids in humans. 201 11

Ultraviolet radiation of the UVB region readily destroy tryptophan (Trp) residues of low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins. The photooxidation of tryptophan residues is accompanied by the peroxidation of low and high density lipoproteins unsaturated fatty acids, as measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay. Moreover, low and high density lipoproteins are natural carriers of vitamin E and carotenoids. These two antioxidants are also rapidly bleached by UVB. The UVA radiation promotes neither tryptophan residue destruction nor lipid photoperoxidation. The redox cycling Cu2+ ions considerably increase lipid photoperoxidation. The synergistic action of photo and auto (Cu2(+)-induced) peroxidation induces marked post-irradiation modifications of apolipoproteins as illustrated by the degradation of most tryptophan residues after overnight incubation in the dark of pre-irradiated samples.
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PMID:UVB-induced photoperoxidation of lipids of human low and high density lipoproteins. A possible role of tryptophan residues. 212 29

Increasing evidence suggests that in vivo lipid peroxidation may be an important factor in sickle cell anemia (HbSS). Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant in plasma, and this vitamin, as well as cholesterol, is transported in plasma almost exclusively by lipoproteins. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if vitamin E and plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients are interrelated. We found that low plasma-vitamin E levels in SCA patients were accompanied by low levels of plasma-cholesterol. The mean plasma-vitamin E/plasma-cholesterol ratio was similar in 12 SCA patients (6.1 +/- 0.7 micrograms vitamin E per mg plasma-cholesterol) and 21 controls (6.5 +/- 0.7 micrograms/mg). Our results suggest that the low levels of plasma-vitamin E in SCA patients may be related to decreased levels of lipoprotein carriers. The low plasma-cholesterol levels in SCA patients (139.1 +/- 9.9 mg/dL) were due to low levels of both high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol of 35.0 +/- 1.0 mg/dL) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol of 97.8 +/- 9.2 mg/dL). The "atherogenic index," defined as LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, was similar in the SCA patients (2.9 +/- 0.2) and the controls (3.0 +/- 0.4).
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PMID:Plasma-vitamin E and low plasma lipoprotein levels in sickle cell anemia patients. 213 91


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