Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: DrugBank:EXPT03226 (vitamin E)
 17,558 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to investigate the breast milk composition over a prolonged period of lactation milk samples from 33 women from a rural area of the Ivory Coast were analyzed once monthly. Analyses of lipid components of protein were performed in 2 longitudinal studies covering 23 months of breast feeding. The composition stayed essentially constant over the 23 months of lactation except for a decrease or protein concentration during the first 6 months, a rising trend of myristic acid and a falling trend of oleic acid. For the first 5 months the infants grew well on breast milk alone, but thereafter their growth curves were unsatisfactory as judged by Western standards. The mothers' weight for height stayed constant. In a cross-sectional study, additional determinants were performed: aminograms, lactose, calories, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and vitamin E. All data were compared with those of the literature; lauric and myristic acids were higher, and total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were lower than those published for Western countries. Plasma composition of the mothers showed lower levels of albumin, lipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as blood hemoglobin.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the quality of breast milk during 23 months of lactation in a rural community of the Ivory Coast. 21 81

Variations in the AOAC official first action rat hemoglobin repletion test for iron were studied. These changes included (1) use of a simplified basal diet to eliminate ingredients which sometimes contribute too much iron; (2) increased fortification of the basal diet with vitamin E, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine; (3) increased dietary copper; (4) variations in the carbohydrate source in the basal diet; (5) changes in the length of the depletion and repletion periods; and (6) comparison of prophylactic and curative procedures. The changes yielded results comparable to those obtained with the present official method. Further study may reveal that the depletion period can be shortened or eliminated. To fully meet the rat's vitamin requirements, increased levels of vitamin E, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine are recommended. It is further recommended that the present method remain in official first action status, and that study be continued.
 ...
PMID:Measurement of the bioavailability of iron, using the rat hemoglobin repletion test. 64 62

Heinz body formation was induced in calf erythrocytes by a daily dose of 8 mg phenylhydrazine/kg body weight. Body weights and feed intakes were not affected, the glutathione content of erythrocytes was reduced, but the hemolysis rate of erythrocytes was not changed. Morphological changes in erythrocytes were shown by light and high resolution scanning microscopy. The appearance of Heinz bodies may have value as an indicator of oxidative stress under conditions such as copper toxicity or deficiency of selenium-vitamin E.
 ...
PMID:Heinz body formation in calf erythrocytes. 72 82

Six experiments were conducted with male broiler chicks kept in battery brooders to investigate the effects of feeding diets high in copper on the integrity of the gizzard lining. Conventional and corn starch-soy basal diets were used. Slight improvements in body weight gain and/or feed efficiency were observed when the diets were supplemented with 250 p.p.m. copper as as CuSO4-5HSO, but higher levels (500 to 1000 p.p.m.) depressed growth and decreased feed efficiency. Little or no gizzard erosion was seen in birds fed the practical ration without added copper. Gizzard erosion was observed with 250 p.p.m. copper and the severity of the condition increased with higher levels. With the same level of copper supplementation, severity of gizzard erosion was greater when chicks were fed the corn starch-soy diet than when fed the practical diet. Adding 0.5 p.p.m. selenium to the practical diet containing 1000 p.p.m. copper slightly improved the appearance of the gizzard lining, although the subjective scoring index was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in only one of two experiments. The addition of zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin B12 did not prevent the gizzard damage caused by high copper levels. Severity of gizzard erosion was significantly reduced by adding 0.35% cholic acid to the semipurified diet with 500 p.p.m. copper, but not to the practical diet with 100 p.p.m. copper. There was no correlation between acidity of the gizzard contents and severity of the erosion.
 ...
PMID:Effect of high dietary copper on gizzard integrity of the chick. 93 76

There has been accumulation of the nutritional muscular dystrophy of the cattle in a certain western district of Finland where the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is also highest. This animal disease is due to lack of selenium (Se) and vitamin E. The Se content of whole blood was low (52.6 +/- 11.3 ng/ml) in MS patients from this high-risk area compared to the controls (68.8 +/- 11.0). The data for serum failed to confirm this tendency. All Se values appeared to be lower than international values suggested. The values for both vitamin E and copper were within the international normal range.
 ...
PMID:Selenium, vitamin E and copper in multiple sclerosis. 96 80

The effect of an antihypertensive drug, indapamide, on copper- and endothelial cell-induced peroxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied and compared with that of drugs previously shown to protect LDL against peroxidation: probucol and vitamin E and other thiazidic and nonthiazidic diuretics (clopamide, hydrochlorothiazide, and furosemide). Incubation with indapamide inhibited in a dose-dependent manner LDL peroxidation induced either by copper ions or by cultured endothelial cells. Both electrophoretic mobility and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content of LDL returned to almost normal values in the presence of 1 microM indapamide. This drug was at least 10 times more potent than probucol and vitamin E in inhibiting LDL peroxidation. No inhibitory effect has been observed with clopamide, hydrochlorothiazide, and furosemide in the same experimental conditions. Homozygote Watanabe rabbits were treated orally with indapamide (10 mg/kg/d for 3 days) to evaluate the potential protective effect of the compound on LDL peroxidation in vivo. Purified LDL from placebo and treated rabbits were submitted to peroxidation induced by copper ions, and indapamide was effectively able to protect LDL in these experimental conditions. This effect was especially obvious 6 and 8 h after the start of the incubation when LDL of the placebo-treated animals were modified. The mechanism of action of these drugs was examined in vitro using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test and in kinetic studies of arachidonic acid photoperoxidation. Indapamide as well as vitamin E and probucol were effective free radical scavengers, but the other diuretic molecules were not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of the modification of low-density lipoprotein by indapamide. 127 77

To assess the relationship of serum cholesterol level to anthropometric measurements and dietary intake, we measured serum cholesterol, height, weight, triceps skinfold, and 24-hour dietary intake in 80 children (mean age = 9.8 years) during April 1989. The mean serum cholesterol level was 3.95 mmol/l. In comparison with national data, weight-for-height and triceps skinfold measurements exceeded the 90th percentile in 18 (23%) and 26 (33%) of the children, respectively. Mean cholesterol and fat intakes were 114 mg/1,000 kcal and 36% of energy, respectively. In multiple stepwise regression analyses, weight-for-height measurement and saturated fatty acid intake were most predictive of serum cholesterol levels. Diets of children who consumed 30% of energy or less from fat (low-fat group) met or exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances except for energy and vitamin E and were higher in percentage of energy from carbohydrate, dietary fiber, magnesium, iron, and copper than were diets of children who consumed 31% of energy or more from fat (high-fat group). Children in the high-fat group ate more red/processed meats, baked desserts, and fats/oils than children in the low-fat group. Our data indicate that programs to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease in children may need to focus on maintaining ideal body weight and reducing saturated fatty acid intake.
 ...
PMID:Weight-for-height measurement and saturated fatty acid intake are predictors of serum cholesterol level in children. 131 Jul 1

The effects on red blood cells of superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD) depletion, induced by feeding Wistar rats with a copper deficient diet, were investigated. SOD depleted red blood cells were more sensitive to peroxidation and to hemolysis than normal cells when exposed to tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH). Membranes isolated from SOD depleted cells showed a lower content of vitamin E and higher (Na+, K+) and Mg2+ ATPase activities. These results support the view that superoxide dismutase plays an important role in cellular oxidative metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress in Cu,ZnSOD depleted rat erythrocytes. 131 Dec 7

Disease prevention through dietary management is a cost-effective approach to promoting healthy aging. Fats, cholesterol, soluble fiber, and the trace elements copper and chromium affect the morbidity and mortality of CHD. Decreasing sodium and increasing potassium intake improves control of hypertension. Calcium and magnesium may also have a role in controlling hypertension. The antioxidant vitamins A and beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and the trace mineral selenium may protect against types of cancer. A decrease in simple carbohydrates and an increase in soluble dietary fiber may normalize moderately elevated blood glucose levels. Deficiencies of zinc or iron diminish immune function. Adequate levels of calcium and vitamin D can help prevent senile osteoporosis in both older men and women.
 ...
PMID:Preventive nutrition: disease-specific dietary interventions for older adults. 142 12

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been suggested as a potent new risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. Homocsyteine can induce endothelial cell injury but the mechanism is not understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of free radicals as potential causes of endothelial cell injury in a case-control study of obligate heterozygotes for cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Firstly, free radical production as measured by neutrophil chemiluminescence in obligate heterozygotes for cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency was compared with age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Secondly, the response of the cellular antioxidant system was examined by measuring the enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, their cofactors (selenium, copper), vitamin E and vitamin A in heterozygotes and normal subjects. Analyses of neutrophil chemiluminescence, vitamin A and E, glutathione peroxidase, selenium and copper showed no difference between heterozygotes and controls. While superoxide dismutase activity was higher in heterozygotes than normal subjects, the difference did not reach statistical significance and the hypothesis of excess free radical production as a mechanism of injury was not confirmed. However, further examination of superoxide dismutase activity in a larger number of subjects would be of interest.
 ...
PMID:The role of free radicals as mediators of endothelial cell injury in hyperhomocysteinemia. 142 78


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>