Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT03226 (vitamin E)
 17,558 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In two experiments the effect of feeding dried crushed white and red grape press cake replacing 10--20% of the complex feed mixture A1 and SOL, was studied on the 21 biochemical indicators of blood serum, plasma, suprarenal glands, liver and tissue of fattened pigs. Changes indicating unsuitability of this non-traditional feed were not observed. During feeding red grape press cake, the young pigs of 35kg body weight had a lower concentration of glucose in blood serum, in comparison with the control. The temporary increase of calcium level and decrease of inorganic phosphorus in these animals was accompanied by a lower activity of alkaline phosphatase. White and red grape press cake affected positively the vitamin E level in blood serum. In the muscles of the experimental slaughter pigs protein proportion was increased and fat proportion was decreased.
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PMID:[Changes in biochemical indicators in the blood and organs of pigs fed dried grape press cake]. 11 74

Suckling piglets aged 28-31 days and weaned piglets aged 46-60 days were injected with insulin at a rate of 1 U/kg body weight to induce hypoglycaemia. All the animals were blood-sampled before and 45 and 90 minutes after the insulin injection. Both groups developed a marked adrenocortical response without any significant differences, though the rise in plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) levels of weaned piglets was slightly delayed. Plasma vitamin E concentration showed a significant rise in suckling piglets and a slight rise in weaned animals; it was not accompanied by an increase in total cholesterol levels. The results suggest that glucocorticoids affect vitamin E metabolism. The values of plasma 17-OHCS, cholesterol and vitamin E levels as well as of blood glucose levels and circulating eosinophil leucocyte counts confirmed differences in these parameters between suckling and weaned piglets.
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PMID:Effect of insulin hypoglycaemia on adrenocortical function and blood plasma vitamin E and cholesterol levels in suckling and weaned piglets. 13 37

The effects on cellular structures of products of peroxidation of rat liver microsomal lipids were investigated. A system containing actively peroxidizing liver microsomal fraction was separated from a revealing or target system by a dialysis membrane. The target system, contained in the dialysis tube, consisted of either intact cells (erythrocytes) or subcellular fractions (liver microsomal fraction). When liver microsomal fractions were incubated with NADPH (or an NADPH-generating system), lipid peroxidation, as measured by the amount of malonaldehyde formed, occurred very rapidly. The malon-aldehyde concentration tended to equilibrate across the dialysis membrane. When the target system consisted of erythrocytes, haemolysis occurred abruptly after a lag phase. The lysis was greatly accelerated when erythrocytes from vitamin E-deficient rats were used, but no haemolysis was observed when erythrocytes from vitamin E-treated rats were used. When, in the same system, freshly prepared liver microsomal fractions were exposed to diffusible factors produced by lipid peroxidation, the glucose 6-phosphatase activity markedly decreased. A similar decrease in glucose 6-phosphatase activity, as well as a smaller but significant decrease in cytochrome P-450, was observed when the target microsomal fractions were exposed to diffusible factors derived from the peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids in a separate preincubation step. These and additional experiments indicated that the toxicological activity is relatively stable. Experiments in which the hepatic microsomal fractions destined for lipid peroxidation contained radioactively labelled arachidonic acid, previously incorporated into the membranes, showed that part of the radioactivity released from the microsomal fraction into the incubation medium entered the dialysis tube and was recovered bound to the constituents of the microsomal fractions of the target system. These results indicate that during the course of the peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids toxic products are formed that are able to induce pathological effects at distant loci.
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PMID:Effects of diffusible products of peroxidation of rat liver microsomal lipids. 22 71

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of chromiun and selenium on liver lipid deposition and incidence of liver hemorrhage in caged layers. Commercial strains of layers were fed ad libitum equicaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Corn-torula dried yeast diets containing added selenium (.1 microgram/g) with or without supplementary chromium (10 microgram/g) significantly reduced total liver lipid and liver hemorrhage. The effects of protein source (soybean meal vs. yeast) and selenium were separated in a factorial experiment which showed that the hepatic lipid response to selenium results from an interaction of selenium with an unidentified factor in torula yeast. The addition of selenium to diets with each protein source significantly elevated glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity. Inclusion of 5% brewers yeast in the corn-soy diet or vitamin E (50 IU/kg) to the corn-torula dried yeast reduced liver lipid similar to that seen in birds fed the torula-yeast diet containing .1 microgram Se/g. Comparison of oral glucose tolerance of birds fed corn-soy and corn-soy brewers yeast diets showed no significant difference. None of the dietary treatments significantly altered body weight, egg production, egg weight, or feed consumption. The results indicate that the metabolic role of selenium in relation to its role in hepatic lipid metabolism is mediated through an interaction with a dietary factor(s) present in yeast.
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PMID:Reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction. 53 85

Five-week old, male, Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were given ad libitum access to glucose- soybean meal-10% fat diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1% cholesterol, with or without the addition of a vitamin supplement (vitamin C--1 g/kg of diet, vitamin E--30 I.U./kg of diet and choline chloride--5.5 g/kg of diet). After 12 weeks, 9 quail from the 24 quail fed each diet were killed and the total cholesterol concentration of serum, liver, kidney, and aorta was determined. Cholesterol concentrations of these organs increased with increasing levels of dietary cholesterol. The vitamin supplementation enhanced the increase in the cholesterol concentration of serum and kidney, lessened the elevation of the liver cholesterol concentration and had no effect on the aorta cholesterol concentration. The remaining quail were fed the same diets, for a subsequent 12 week period, except that cholesterol was deleted. At the termination of the experiment, the total cholesterol concentration of serum, liver, and kidney returned to control level for all treatments in which organ cholesterol concentrations had been increased previously. Aortic cholesterol concentration decreased during the second 12 week period (0.5 and 1% cholesterol diets fed for the first 12 weeks), however, the aortic cholesterol concentration remained higher than those of the control at 24 weeks. No significant effect of vitamin supplementation on organ cholesterol concentration was noted at 24 weeks although serum cholesterol concentration was significantly lower for the vitamin- fed groups at all levels of dietary cholesterol. Aortic ahteromata were observed at both 12 and 24 weeks in all groups fed 0.5 and 1% cholesterol.
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PMID:Cholesteremia in Japanese quail: response to a mixture of vitamins C and E and choline chloride. 53 18

The effect of a mixture of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and vitamin E on the metabolism and ultrastructure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from normal subjects or patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was determined in vitro. Increasing concentrations of NBT and vitamin E progressively decreased rates of oxygen consumption and 1-14C-glucose oxidation by normal PMN stimulated with particulates to a degree that exceeded either agent alone. NBT-vitamin-E also inhibited vacuole formation and the cytochemical release of myeloperoxidase-positive granules. The depressed oxidative metabolism and degranulation of NBT-vitamin-E-treated control PMN closely approximated the blunted responses of CGD PMN which were similar alone or in the presence of NBT-vitamin-E. In contrast to these effects, the highest concentration of NBT-vitamin-E used in the study did not damage, decrease rates of unstimulated oxidative metabolism of, or impair ingestion of particulates by control or CGD PMN. NBT and vitamin E impose a state on normal PMN which is remarkably similar to that observed in PMN from patients with CGD.
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PMID:Inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative metabolism and degranulation in vitro by nitroblue tetrazolium and vitamin E. 62 27

The results of a study on the effect of dietary selenium administered with vitamin E on serum levels of albumin, glucose and urea nitrogen in ewes are reported. In October, at the onset of breeding, after ten months on a dystrophogenic diet, mean serum levels of albumin (g/dl), glucose (mg/dl) and urea nitrogen (mg/dl) were respectively 3.5, 52.9 and 12.8, in 65 Se-deficient ewes and 3.6, 51.7 and 14.3 in 65 Se-adequate ewes. Despite a significant difference in the serum level of urea nitrogen between Se-deficient and Se-adequate groups, no consistent effect of dietary selenium was apparent.
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PMID:Lack of an effect of dietary selenium on serum albumin, glucose and urea nitrogen in ewes. 68 79

Differences in vitamin E status between young Caucasian women using oral contraceptives (OCs) for 1 yr or more and control females were obtained with regard to the following parameters: 1) hemolysis, 2) plasma total tocopherols by spectrophotometric analysis, 3) individual tocopherols by a thin-layer gas-liquid chromatographic (TLC-GLC) technique, and 4) dietary intakes of vitamin E, polyunsaturated and saturated lipids, cholesterol and kilocalories. Ten subjects were on Ortho-Novum- or Norinyl-1/50, 8 on Ortho-Novum- or Norinyl-1/80, and 10 had never taken OCs. Analyses of 24-hr recalls and 7-day dietary records revealed no significant differences among groups for intakes of nutrients listed above. No significant differences among groups were observed from hemolytic values. Plasma total tocopherol concentrations measured by spectrophotometric and TLC-GLC techniques revealed that OC-1/80 subjects had significantly lower values than controls. Marginally inadequate vitamin E status as assessed by the various techniques was observed in approximately one subject in the control and OC-1/50 groups and in 2 of the OC-1/80 women. Large individual variations in vitamin E status were observed for subjects in all groups on similar estimated vitamin E intakes. TLC-GLC measurements of total tocopherols in plasma seemed to be perhaps a more sensitive indicator of vitamin E status of subjects than spectrophotometric analysis of tocopherols.
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PMID:Vitamin E status of young women on combined-type oral contraceptives. 72 56

The official GLC method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) for determining vitamin E was modified and collaboratively studied for the National Formulary (NF). The internal standard hexadecyl hexadecanoate (cetyl palmitate) was substituted for the dotriacontane used in the AOAC method, and some other minor changes were made. Eleven samples, representing all types of NF formulations and NF bulk materials, were analyzed by 11 laboratories. The coefficients of variation of the reproducibility and repeatability were 4.5 and 2.4%, respectively, for all laboratories and samples. The values were 3.4 and 1.6%, respectively, when the one laboratory statistically determined to be an outlier was excluded. The coefficients of variation of reproducibility and repeatability for alpha-tocopheryl acid succinate were 2.1 and 1.5%, respectively. All of these values lie within the 5% limit required by the NF.
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PMID:Collaborative study of a GLC method for vitamin E. 75 77

To assess possible toxic and/or beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation, a group of 28 adults voluntarily ingesting 100 to 800 IU/day of tocopherol for an average of 3 years were evaluated in this study. Half of the subjects claimed a feeling of improved health or well being, but no specific beneficial effects were noted consistently; the other half indicated no change in health status after beginning vitamin E supplements. No gross evidence of toxicity was apparent on reviewing past medical histories with the subjects. Plasma alpha-tocopherol was found to be elevated significantly in the group from 650 micrograms/100 ml (control mean) to 1,340 micrograms/100 ml; however, 25% of the values were within 2 SD of the control mean. Plasma alpha-tocopherol levels did not correlate with total daily dose but did relate to plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Total plasma carotenoids were also significantly increased along with vitamin A levels; the former did not correlate with plasma vitamin E, whereas the latter showed a significant correlation. Laboratory screening for toxic side effects of vitamin E supplementation by performance of 20 standard clinical blood tests failed to reveal any disturbance in liver, kidney, muscle, thyroid gland, erythrocytes, leukocytes, coagulation parameters, or blood glucose. It is concluded that megavitamin E supplements in this group produced no apparent toxic side effects and that subjective claims for beneficial effects were highly variable.
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PMID:Megavitamin E supplementation in man. 80


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