Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT03226 (vitamin E)
 17,558 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rapid method was developed whereby vitamins A, D (ergocalciferol), and E in multivitamin products are measured in a common assay sample. The method depends on reversed-phase partition chromatography by which the vitamin alcohols are eluted in separate fractions from a column. Vitamins A and E are then determined by their UV absorption, while vitamin D is measured colorimetrically with an antimony trichloride reagent. The column consists of diatomaceous earth impregnated with dimethyl polysiloxane, with n-heptane as the immobile solvent, and 90% methanol followed by 95% methanol as the mobile solvents. Vitamins A and D elute in that order in the 90% methanol, and finally vitamin E elutes in the 95% methanol fraction. The method is widely applicable to various types of multivitamin and vitamin-mineral products including oil-based, water-based, and dry formulations.
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PMID:Combined assays for vitamins A, D (ergocalciferol), and E in multivitamin preparations with separation by reversed-phase partition chromatography. 95 29

Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of vitamin D in multivitamin preparations containing excess amounts of vitamin E (a more than 2,500 weight ratio of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate to vitamin D) was investigated and a simplified routine method was established because the method reported previously (1) could not be applied to such special preparations. After applying the unsaponifiable matters of a sample to a phosphate-treated alumina column chromatography prepared according to MULDER et. al. (2), the eluate was evaporated and the residue was subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and GLC. When this method was applied to model preparations made by mixing vitamin D2 and dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (excess amounts), good results were obtained. Since the results on a commercial multivitamin preparation containing excess amounts of vitamin E were also satisfactory, it was confirmed that the proposed method could be used for simplified routine determinations.
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PMID:Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D in multivitamin preparations containing excess amounts of vitamin E. 108 17

We present the dietary epidemiology of bladder cancer while controlling for a number of lifestyle and environmental risk factors in a study of 351 white male cases with histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 855 white male controls selected from Erie, Niagara, and Monroe counties of western New York from 1979 to 1985. Usual diet was estimated by comprehensive interviews with use of a detailed food frequency questionnaire. An increased risk of bladder cancer was associated with higher kilocalorie intake, but only among those under 65 years of age, with the strongest pattern associated with fat intake. Further analyses of fat, carbohydrates, and protein, with adjustment for total kilocalories, resulted in a positive association of risk with fat intake and a decreasing risk with higher protein intake. Of the vitamins, carotenoid consumption appeared to decrease risk with increased consumption for those under 65 years of age. No significant differences between cases and controls were seen for intake of calcium, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E. After adjustment for kilocalories and other confounders, higher intake of dietary sodium was associated with increased risk among both age groups, and the trends were statistically significant. The importance of diet in the etiology of bladder cancer is suggested by our findings.
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PMID:Diet in the epidemiology of bladder cancer in western New York. 129 99

We conducted a prospective study of diet in relation to the incidence of basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a cohort of 73,366 women who were 34 to 59 years old in 1980 and without previous skin or other cancer. During 4 years of follow-up, 771 incident cases of basal cell carcinoma were diagnosed. When adjusted for other risk factors, women in the highest quintile of energy intake were at higher risk of basal cell carcinoma compared with those in the lowest quintile (relative risk, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.60). No significant associations were observed between risk of basal cell carcinoma and energy-adjusted intake of dietary fat, carotenoids with vitamin A activity, and retinol, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E, either with or without supplements. Use of specific vitamin A, C, D, or E supplements, or multivitamins, did not materially alter risk. Although the period of follow-up was relatively short, these data are most consistent with no major role for these nutrients in the etiology of basal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Diet and risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a prospective cohort of women. 134 73

Disease prevention through dietary management is a cost-effective approach to promoting healthy aging. Fats, cholesterol, soluble fiber, and the trace elements copper and chromium affect the morbidity and mortality of CHD. Decreasing sodium and increasing potassium intake improves control of hypertension. Calcium and magnesium may also have a role in controlling hypertension. The antioxidant vitamins A and beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and the trace mineral selenium may protect against types of cancer. A decrease in simple carbohydrates and an increase in soluble dietary fiber may normalize moderately elevated blood glucose levels. Deficiencies of zinc or iron diminish immune function. Adequate levels of calcium and vitamin D can help prevent senile osteoporosis in both older men and women.
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PMID:Preventive nutrition: disease-specific dietary interventions for older adults. 142 12

We carried out an extensive health profile analysis in spring-winter 1986 in four Eastern Finnish rural villages as a part of the Healthy Village Study. Altogether, 793 people at working age (20-64 years of age, 427 men and 366 women) participated (80%). Serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) and plasma vitamins (vitamin A, D, E and C) were measured as biochemical indicators of health. The dietary habits were reflected in high serum total cholesterol, and in low plasma vitamin C (ascorbic acid, mean 34.4 mumol/l in men, and 51.2 mumol/l in women). The plasma levels of the other vitamins studied were, in general, satisfactory. The mean plasma concentration of vitamin A (retinol) was 2.70 mumol/l in men, and 2.23 mumol/l in women. The gender, high body weight and the use of animal fats had the strongest association to apparent plasma retinol concentrations. The corresponding plasma concentrations of vitamin D (25-hydroxy-D) were 34.1 nmol/l and 35.4 nmol/l, and vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) 22.1 mumol/l and 22.2 mumol/l. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-OHD less than 12.5 nmol/l) was seen in 5% of the subjects. A good vitamin D status was correlated with the use of vitamin supplements, and, surprisingly, with the frequent consumption of alcohol.
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PMID:Epidemiology of vitamins A, E, D and C in rural villages in Finland: biochemical, nutritional and socioeconomical aspects. 147 5

Rickets and osteopenia, common problems in chronic childhood cholestasis, have been attributed to vitamin D malabsorption leading to reduced serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D. d-alpha-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS), a water-soluble form of vitamin E, forms micelles at low concentration. We evaluated the potential role of TPGS in enhancing vitamin D absorption in eight children (aged 5 mo to 19 y) with severe chronic cholestasis (three extrahepatic biliary atresia, three nonsyndromic intrahepatic cholestasis, and two Alagille syndrome). To evaluate vitamin D absorption, the subjects received vitamin D3 1000 IU/kg (maximum dose of 50,000 IU); they then received the same dose of vitamin D3 mixed with TPGS (25 IU/kg). Serial serum vitamin D3 levels and areas under the curve were measured. All patients had enhanced absorption of vitamin D when it was administered in a mixture with TPGS. Mean area under the curve for serum vitamin D3 was 403.0 +/- 83.1 nmol x h/L (155.6 +/- 32.1 ng x h/mL), with a mean rise above baseline of 13.5 +/- 1.8 nmol/L (5.2 +/- 0.7 ng/mL) with vitamin D/TPGS compared with no rise when vitamin D was given alone (both p less than 0.001). Seven patients have been followed for at least 3 mo while receiving the vitamin D/TPGS combination. Those with initially low serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels (less than 37.5 nmol/L or 15 ng/mL) had normalization (range 37.5-146 nmol/L) within 1 mo, whereas those with initially normal levels remained normal. While the patients were receiving vitamin D/TPGS, serum vitamin E to total lipid ratio either normalized or remained normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:d-Alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate enhances the absorption of vitamin D in chronic cholestatic liver disease of infancy and childhood. 154 43

Several nutrients are known to act on the metabolism of other nutrients and also of some non-nutrient substances. The nutritional importance that may be attributed to these interrelationships depends on the levels considered to be physiological for each nutrient, and on their maintenance at acceptable levels in tissues for the defense of the organism. Interaction of vitamins and minerals has been described in several metabolic situations and continues to be investigated by many authors. This interaction occurs in different ways, i.e. starting from the action of vitamins on mineral metabolism, from the action of both types of nutrients in the protection of the organism, and from the action of minerals on vitamin metabolism. The most significant example of vitamin action on mineral metabolism is the role played by vitamin D in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The interrelationship of vitamin C and some minerals is also discussed, with emphasis on its relationship with iron. With respect to the synergistic action of vitamins and minerals in the defense of the organism, we comment on the main data reported on the biochemical-physiological role of vitamin E and its interaction with selenium. Finally, in reference to the action of minerals on vitamin metabolism, we point out the interaction existing between vitamin A and zinc. Data observed by the author at the experimental level in laboratory animals are reported on the possible interaction of niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc.
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PMID:Interaction of vitamins and minerals. 182 72

It was found that calcium exchange disturbances under vitamin E deficiency is due to changes in the metabolism of vitamin D. In vitamin E-deficient rats the serum blood levels of hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) showed no significant changes, whereas the concentration of the hormonal form of 1.25-hydroxyvitamin D [1.25(OH)2D], decreased by 40%. In vitro studies showed that the 25-hydroxylase D3 activity in the livers of rats with E-avitaminosis had a tendency to decrease (by 22%), whereas that of 24-hydroxylase dropped drastically (by 52%). The serum blood levels of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and kidney levels of cAMP under E-avitaminosis were significantly lowered. Preincubation of kidney slices with the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, increased the activity of 1-OHase in about the same degree as that in vitamin E-rich rats. The free radical scavenger, BHT, added to kidney slices suppressed the activity of the both enzymes; this finding testifies to the low O2-binding affinity of these monooxygenases. The content of 1.25(OH)2D3 receptors occupied in vivo in the kidneys of vitamin E-deficient rats decreased 2.5-fold; however, the binding of 1.25(OH)2D3-receptor complexes to heterologous DNA was unaffected thereby. The vitamin deficiency in vivo results in the inhibition of vitamin D metabolism in the liver and kidney concomitant with the formation of active metabolites and decreases the concentration of hormone-receptor complexes in target tissues.
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PMID:[The role of vitamin E in metabolism and reception of vitamin D]. 196 7

1. The effects of 20 kinds of vitamins or their analogues on the growth rate of preadipocytes and the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes was systematically compared in 3T3-L1 cells. 2. The addition of vitamin C markedly increased the growth rate of preadipocytes at over 50 microM. 3. The addition of vitamin K3 slowed down the growth rate at over 0.1 microM. 4. In water soluble vitamins and their analogues tested, the vitamin B6 group and vitamin C significantly stimulated the differentiation, and consequently increased the glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity and triglyceride accumulation, to a concentration of over 10 microM. 5. Many fat soluble vitamins and their analogues (the vitamin A group, including beta-carotene, the vitamin D group, vitamin E and the vitamin K group) strongly inhibited the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells at microM level.
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PMID:Comparative investigation of vitamins and their analogues on terminal differentiation, from preadipocytes to adipocytes, of 3T3-L1 cells. 197 74


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