Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT02079 (lysine)
 58,762 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The conformational properties of two non-histone chromosomal proteins (high-mobility-group proteins 1 and 2) have been studied by spectroscopic methods. The interaction of high-mobility-group protein 1 with DNA has also been studied. 1. Circular dichroism results indicate that in the presence of salt both proteins are 40-50% helical between pH 1 and 9. Above pH 9 denaturation takes place. In the absence of salt the proteins denature below pH 4. 2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra show the presence of ring-current shifted peaks and perturbed aromatic resonances, demonstrating that the helix formation is accompanied by specific tertiary folding. 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of compelxes between high mobility group protein 1 and DNA demonstrate that a low ionic strength a portion of the molecule rich in lysine and containing all the aromatic residues is bound to DNA, whilst a more acidic region of the chain remains free from the DNA.
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PMID:Conformational studies of two non-histone chromosomal proteins and their interactions with DNA. 0 4

DNP obtained in low ionic strength solutions (0.7 mM Na-phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) was found to be dissociated under the effect of heparin. The dissociation order of the three histone fractions was established: H2a, H1, H4. The following order of histones is assumed: H2a, H2b, H1, H3, H4. Activation of the DNA and RNA synthesis in the eucaryotic cells, their nuclei and chromatin under the effect of low heparin doses should be associated not with the H1 histone dissociation, but with the dissociation of histones moderately rich in lysine--H2a, and, probably, H2b.
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PMID:[Effect of heparin polyanion on chromatin preparations obtained in solutions of low ionic strength]. 2 36

Nucleotide sequence has been determined for the restriction fragments and cloned DNA from the pL-N-tL1 region of bacteriophage lambda. A unique reading frame for the N gene is defined by the absence of natural nonsense codons and by the presence of seven nonsense codons generated by mutations in N. This reading frame is initiated at two alternative ATG codons, the second of which is probably the in vivo translation start. Reading is stopped at a single TAG codon. The protein coded is therefore 133 or, more probably, 107 amino acids long, rich in lysine, arginine and proline.
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PMID:The N protein of bacteriophage lambda, defined by its DNA sequence, is highly basic. 4 15

The administration of nucleosides coupled covalently to the copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) or to its stereoisomer, L-GL, induces a state of nucleoside (NUC)-specific tolerance in inbred SJL and BALB/c mice, irrespective of their immune status at the time of treatment. Such tolerance is characterized by the inability of treated animals to mount either primary or secondary, intact or adoptive, anti-NUC antibody responses following immunization with a highly immunogenic conjugate of NUC-Keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These observations have potential therapeutic importance in autoimmune processes involving anti-DNA antibody production.
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PMID:Induction of tolerance to nucleic acid determinants by administration of a complex of nucleoside D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL). 4 55

Guinea pigs immunized with the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) coupled directly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis of strain H37Ra (DNP-H37) show a variety of cell-mediated immune responses to DNP coupled to protein carriers. The cells responsible for this specific response are thought to be T lymphocytes for the following reasons: Guinea pigs immunized with DNP-H37 displayed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to several DNP-proteins and contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. Peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELs) obtained from DNP-H37 immune animals respond to DNP-proteins with DNA systhesis and cause inhibition of macrophage migration. PELs are highly enriched in T lymphocytes and contain few immunoglobulin-bearing cells. Further depletion of immunoglobulin-bearing cells from this population does not diminish the in vitro proliferative response to antigen. Nitrophenyl conjugates of proteins lacking a paranitro group stimulated DNA synthesis poorly or not at all, indicating the importance of the paranitro group of DNP in antigen recognition by T cells in this system. In this respect, the specificity of T cells resembles that of DNP-specific antibody from the same animals. On the other hand, DNP conjugates of copolymers of glutamic acid and lysine and DNP conjugated to proteins via an interposed beta-alanyl-glycyl-glycyl spacer failed to stimulate DNA synthesis, although such compounds bind very efficiently to anti-DNP antibody. By contrast, DNP conjugates of synthetic polypeptide carriers containing as little as 7% tyrosine strongly stimulated DNA synthesis in DNP-H37 immune PELs. That the determinant responsible for this stimulation was DNP coupled to the hydroxyl group of tyrosine was shown by selective removal of DNP from tyrosine by thiolysis with 2-mercaptoethanol, which abolished their ability to stimulate T cells.
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PMID:The specificity of cellular immune responses in guinea pigs. I. T cells specific for 2,4-dinitrophenyl-o-tyrosyl residues. 4 12

A combined Feulgen-alkaline fast green method is described for simultaneous demonstration of DNA and basic proteins in the cell nucleus. The method is based on preserving both types of substances in the tissue section and releasing in them reactive groups for the 2 kinds of staining. These conditions are best provided, as proved by staining tests on tissue hydrolysates, if formalin-containing mixtures (SERRA's or LILLIE's fluids) are employed for fixation, and cold 5 N HCl is used for FEULGEN hydrolysis. In this way, a good cytological picture is also achieved. Nuclear euchromatin stains with this method red, while heterochromatin, pycnotic nuclei and sperm heads exhibit a deep violet to blue-violet colour. Prominent nucleoli of metabolically active cells display a distinct blue-green staining thus manifesting their high content of basic proteins. Acetylation test reveals that these proteins are of lysine-rich type. The known negative reaction of the nucleoli with the routine alkaline fast green method according to ALFERT and GESCHWIND must be attributed to an extraction of the nucleolar basic proteins with the hot TCA used in this method. Certain analogy in the cytochemical behaviour between the nucleolous and the chromatin under various conditions of hydrolysis leads to the suggestion that the nucleolar basic proteins demonstrated should be in the form of a ribonucleoprotein complex, probably of the pre-ribosomal material of the nucleolus.
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PMID:On the cytochemical demonstration of basic proteins in the cell nucleus, including the nucleolus. 6 91

When mouse kidney tissue sections were extracted with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, sera with antibodies to certain nuclear antigens no longer stained tissue nuclei by immunofluorescence. This effect was due to removal of histones and nuclear acidic proteins Sm and nuclear ribonucleoprotein by the acid. DNA remained in the nuclei of the acid-extracted tissue sections. When solutions of calf thymus histones were reacted with acid-extracted tissues, histones combined with nuclear DNA to form complexes of DNA-histone. These complexes contained antigenic determinants which reacted with sera containing antibodies to deoxyribonucleoprotein to give nuclear staining demonstrated by immunofluorescence. The reaction was immunologically specific in that sera with antibodies to Sm and nuclear ribonucleoprotein were not reactive with reconstituted DNA-histone in nuclei. Other basic proteins such as protamine, poly-L-lysine, and poly-L-arginine could not substitute for histones. The method is introduced as a specific and reproducible assay for study of antibodies to histones.
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PMID:Studies on antibodies to histones by immunofluorescence. 6 91

Using polyacrylamide films containg poly-lysine, polyarginine and DNA as test models, a variety of reportedly specific staining procedures have been examine. Contrary to published observations, mixtures of fast green and eosin Y show no specific staining of either lysine or arginine. Both amino-acids bind eosin from the mixture more strongly than fast green. Arginine apparently has a greater affinity for this eosin than has lysine which contradicts previous reports that lysine will be stained by eosin arginine will stain with fast green, if proteins containing both amino-acids are stained with dye mixture. In films containing lysine and/or arginine picric acid is shown to bind specifically to the arginine. The picric acidarginine complex resists disruption in 0.004 M borate buffer which is a solvent used for subsequent staining of lysine residues with bromophenol blue. Picric acid may also be used as a hydrolysant and substitute for hydrocholoric acid in a Feulgen-like procedure which stains DNA to the same level as the classiclal hydrochloric acid based procedure while also staining arginine present.
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PMID:Model system studies of staining procedures for lysine and arginine residues. 6 50

Intensity of skin and blood serum soluble proteins renewal under conditions of vitamin A deficiency in animal organism was studied with application of the label incorporation into the electrophoretic fractions of proteins 1,3 and 24 h after administration of 14C-lysine. Metabolism of collagen proteins, amino acid composition of skin soluble proteins, content of free amino acids and nucleic acid in skin were also examined. With vitamin A deficiency the intensity of 14C-lysine incorporation into the globulin fractions of serum proteins is 2-4 times as high and into the corresponding fractions of skin proteins is 3-5 times as low as in the control. Metabolism of gamma-globulins and collagen proteins of skin under conditions of vitamin A deficiency is found to be slow. The content of DNA and RNA in skin of the avitaminous animals is reliably 17 and 23% lower, respectively. In the skin extracts obtained by means of 0.15 M NaCl the content of free amino acids with vitamin A deficiency increases. No significant changes are found in the amino acid composition of skin proteins soluble in 0.15 M NaCl, with the exception for a 20% decrease in the content of cystine together with cystein.
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PMID:[Intensity renewal of skin and serum soluble proteins in rats with vitamin A deficiency]. 7 98

DNA from a temperate phage rho 11 and chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis 168 were digested with endonuclease EcoRI and then ligated with T4 polynucleotide ligase. The ligated DNA fragments were used to transform a lysogenic strain, B. subtilis spoA12 lys21 hisA1 leuA8 p11, and Lys+, His+ or Leu+ transformants were selected. The cells of each type were then mixed, grown and treated with mitomycin C; the induced phages were tested for abilities abilities to form plaques and to tranduce the auxotrophic marker. Various types of plaque-forming or defective phages which transduce hisA or lys marker at considerably high frequencies were thus obtained.
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PMID:A method for construction of specialized transducing phage rho 11 of Bacillus subtilis. 10 55


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