Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT02079 (lysine)
 58,762 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several formulations of brilliant green agar with an added H2S indicator were evaluated. Results were optimum with variations of a basic formula consisting of 40 g of tryptic soy agar (Difco), 8 g of lactose, 8 g of sucrose, 80 mg of phenol red, 1 g of sulfanilamide, 1.5 g of ferric ammonium citrate, 5 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, and 7 mg of brilliant green dye per liter. Brilliant green dye was added after sterilization of the other components This formulation supported good growth of all of 39 strains of Salmonella tested. Normal biochemical types formed pink colonies with black centers, and an H2S-negative S. choleraesuis formed pink colonies without black centers. Of other bacteria tested, only Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and a few Citrobacter strains showed significant growth in 24 h. When lactose was omitted from the formulation, a lactose-fermenting strain formed pink colonies with black centers, and differentiation of Salmonella from the Enterobacter-Klebsiella groups was equally good. Addition of xylose (4.0 g) and L-lysine hydrochloride (5.4 g) to the above formulation improved differentiation between Salmonella and the few Citrobacter strains that grew and produced more intense blackening in Salmonella colonies. Addition of an H2S indicator to brilliant green agar formulations aided in identification of Salmonella colonies, especially in mixtures with other bacteria. These media were judged to give better differentiation of salmonellae from other bacteria than Hektoen agar with added novobiocin (10 mg/liter).
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PMID:Observations on brilliant green agar with H2S indicator. 0 90

In the previous paper [ramos, S., and Kaback, H.R. (1977), Biochemistry 16 (preceding paper in this issue)], it was demonstrated that Escherichia coli membrane vesicles generate a large electrochemical proton gradient (delta-muH+) under appropriate conditions, and some of the properties of delta-muH+ and its component forces [i.e., the membrane potential (delta psi) and the chemical gradient of protons (deltapH)] were described. In this paper, the relationship between delta-muH+, delta psi, and deltapH and the active transport of specific solutes is examined. Addition of lactose or glucose 6-phosphate to membrane vesicles containing the appropriate transport systems results in partial collapse of deltapH, providing direct evidence for the suggestion that respiratory energy can drive active transport via the pH gradient across the membrane. Titration studies with valinomycin and nigericin lead to the conclusion that, at pH 5.5, there are two general classes of transport systems: those that are driven primarily by delta-muH+ (lactose, proline, serine, glycine, tyrosine, glutamate, leucine, lysine, cysteine, and succinate) and those that are driven primarily by deltapH (glucose 6-phosphate, D-lactate, glucuronate, and gluconate). Importantly, however, it is also demonstrated that at pH 7.5, all of these transport systems are driven by delta psi which comprises the only component of delta-muH+ at this external pH. In addition, the effect of external pH on the steady-state levels of accumulation of different solutes is examined, and it is shown that none of the pH profiles correspond to those observed for delta-muH+, delta psi, or deltapH. Moreover, at external pH values above 6.0-6.5, delta-muH+ is insufficient to account for the concentration gradients established for each substrate unless the stoichiometry between protons and accumulated solutes is greater than unity. The results confirm many facets of the chemiosmotic hypothesis, but they also extend the concept in certain important respects and allow explanations for some earlier observations which seemed to preclude the involvement of chemiosmotic phenomena in active transport.
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PMID:The relationship between the electrochemical proton gradient and active transport in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. 1 65

Synthetic glycoproteins can be prepared by reductive amination of proteins and reducing carbohydrates in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. The reaction proceeds readily in aqueous solution at pH 6--9 to give high degrees of substitution. The degree of substitution can be determined by amino acid analysis, as the 2 degrees amine linkage formed with the epsilon-amino groups of lysine is stable to acid-catalyzed protein hydrolysis conditions. Antisera have been obtained to bovine serum albumin conjugates containing reductively aminated cellobiose, lactose, and maltose. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that antiserum to the cellobiose-BSA conjugate is hapten-specific, and the structural features of the hapten recognized by the antibodies were established by hapten inhibition experiments. These studies demonstrate that antibodies recognize both the terminal beta-glucosyl and acyclic reduced glucosyl residues.
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PMID:Proteins containing reductively aminated disaccharides: chemical and immunochemical characterization. 2 26

Three butyric acid-producing saccharolytic Bacteroides cultures (1651/6, BM 158, and IPP 3751) were described by WERNER and REICHERTZ in 1971 (Zbl.Bakt.Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. A 217,206-216). Since then, 6 strains closely resembling 1651/6 were isolated from stool specimens and surgically removed appendices. In the present communication, strains 1651/6, S2/34, S3/38, S4/28, S6/6, A5/2 are described as members of a new species, Bacteroides splanchnicus n.sp. The strains were morphologically very similar (Gram negative non-sporing non-motile rods, 1-2.5 mu in length and 0.7 mu in width) and fermented glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose, and arabinose (pH values of 4.6-5.4, moderate gas formation). Negative reactions (pH values of 5.8-7.2) were observed with 20 other carbohydrates. The strains were positive in the glutamic acid decarboxylase test and formed indole and H2S. In peptone-yeast extract broth and peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids were produced. Washed cells of strains 1651/6 and S4/28 incubated anaerobically in sterile solutions of single amino acids produced butyrate from lysine only. Abundant butyric acid was also produced from glucose. The in vitro activity of 15 antibiotics on 5 strains was studied by broth dilution tests. Uniformly, the strains showed resistance to aminoglycosides and polymyxins (MIC values, 60-500 mug/ml) and susceptibility to tetracyclines, lincomycin, clindamycin, rifampicin, and erythromycin (MIC values, 0.05-0.5 mug/ml). Chloramphenicol, penicillins, and cephalosporins showed bacteriostatic activity at concentrations of 5-40 mug/ml. The serological behaviour of 5 strains was studied in cross-agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments. Cross-reactivity was pronounced in gel-diffusion tests using rabbit antisera and autoclaved extracts and extracts prepared by repeated deep-freezing and thawing of whole cell suspensions as antigens. However, antisera against the B. splanchnicus strains did not react with antigens of B. fragilis 6869, B. thetaiotaomicron AS 126, B. vulgatus AM 45 a, B. distasonis AII 104 and butyric acid-producing strains BM 158 and IPP 3751 in agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments, and there were no cross-reactions between B. splanchnicus antigens and antisera against B. fragilis 6869 and the other aforementioned strains. The new species has been confirmed by members of the ICSB Taxonomic Subcommittee for Gram negative anaerobic rods. Strains 1651/6 and S4/28 have been deposited in The National Collection of Type Cultures, London (NCTC numbers 10825 and 10826). Strain NCTC 10825 (= 1651/6) is the type of the species, B. splanchnicus.
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PMID:[A new butyric acid-producing bacteroides species: B. splanchnicus n. sp. (author's transl)]. 16 1

Three isolates of a lactose-fermenting, xylose-negative variety of Salmonella enteritidis ser. newington, identical in biochemical and serological reactions and in the antibiogram, were recovered from three patients in different areas of Connecticut in January 1974. Hydrogen sulfide production was not visible in Salmonella-Shigella agar, in triple sugar iron agar, and in Kligler iron agar but was noticed in lysine iron agar and on XLD agar, among others. The amount of fermentable carbohydrates present was found to correlate with failure to show hydrogen sulfide production (pH effect). In contrast to lactose-fermenting Salmonella strains reported by other authors, we could not elicit a direct transfer of the lac(+) character at frequencies above 10(-6). An epidemiological follow-up remained unsuccessful. Recommendations for the recognition of similar strains are presented.
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PMID:Biochemically aberrant Salmonella enteritidis ser. newington from human sources in Connecticut. 23 92

Algorhythm and a program for identification of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, based on Edwards and Ewing's diagnostic scheme, were worked out. Use of this program permitted to analyze different sets of abbreviated biochemical tests. To determine the genera and species of enterobacteria a minimal set of 11 tests is suggested, including indol formation, Voges-Proskauer's reaction, the presence of urease enzymes, gelatinase, lysine decraboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, glucose fermentation (gas), or lactose, inosite, sorbit, arabinose, rhamnose. The program admits increase of both the biochemical tests, and toxonomic groups of bacteria, this permitting to consider several families. The presence of strains deviating by properties from this scheme points to the necessity of further improvement of diagnostic schemes for the enterobacteria identification.
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PMID:[Use of a computer for the purpose of identifying bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and the determination of the minimal set of differential tests]. 38 11

Fourty-nine adders (Vipera berus L.) and thirty-one grass-snakes (Nitrix natrix L.) from northern Germany were investigated by cloacal swabs. The samples were usually taken in the field and preenriched in peptone water and further-on processed in three steps of tetrathionate. After each step of enrichment the material was transfered to salmonella shigella agar and fuchsine lactose agar (acc. to Endo). Salmonella screening was done by inoculation of lactose positive and lactose negative colonies into lysine iron agar (acc. to Edwards and Fife). Salmonella excretion was found in 59% of the adders and in 68% of the grass-snakes. Some specimens excreted several Salmonella species. 22 different species resp. variants were detected, of which 19 species belonged to subgenus III (Arizona). Subgenus I occured infrequently and was represented by S. duesseldorf, S. heidelberg and S. sunnycove. Three new triphasic variants S. III 17:Z10: e, n, x, z15: z56, S. III 38: (k): z35:z56 and S. III 50:z10:z:z56 of species already known and four so far unknown species S. III (6), 14: 1,v:z (Ar. 7a, 7c:23-31), S. III 21:1,v:z57 (Ar. 22:23-40a,40c), S. III 43:1,v:z56 (Ar. 21:23-38) and S. III 28:z10:z57 (Ar. 35:27-40a,40c) were discovered. The present results suggest that adders and grass-snakes in northern Germany represent autonomous reservoirs of salmonellae. There exist only few relations between the Salmonella species in these kinds of snakes and other European snakes.
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PMID:[Salmonella in free living snakes of Northern Germany (author's transl)]. 45 74

Lactose has been coupled to the lysine residues of the cross-linked dimer of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A by reductive amination with cyanoborohydride. Derivatives of ribonuclease dimer that contained up to 10 Nepsilon-1-(1-deoxylactitolyl)-lysine residues per molecule had greater than 75% of the enzymic activity of the unmodified enzyme toward yeast RNA. Upon intravenous injection of the 14C-labeled (enzymically inactivated by 14C-carboxymethylation) derivatives into rats, their uptake by the liver was a function of the number of lactose residues coupled. At 10 min, 69% of the injected derivative of ribonuclease dimer containing eight 1-deoxylactitolyl-lysine residues/molecule was found in the liver; with the non-glycosylated enzyme, the liver uptake at 10 min was only 4%, and 75% of the radioactivity was found in the kidneys.
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PMID:Effect of reductive lactosamination on the hepatic uptake of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A dimer. 63 57

Casein, notfat seed meal and extract of the sunflower notfat seed meal were exposed to the effects of moisture, glucose, lactose and saccharose under different thermal conditions to study the degree to which the level of the available lysine falls in all of the study products under the effect of the mentioned factors. Differences in the action of the factors and conditions of technological treatment revealed by the present investigations on the biological value of the protein products justify emphasizing the importance of choosing adequate parameters for each product, together with the need for considering the complexity of physico-chemical and conformable characteristics of the product.
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PMID:[Change in the level of available lysine under the action of moisture and different types of carbohydrates in the thermal processing of casein and sunflower protein products]. 66 49

The retention of the protein nutritional value during storage of lactose-hydrolysed dried milk at different water activities (aw) was studied and compared with that of ordinary milk. In the lactose-hydrolysed milk biologically available lysine decreased much more rapidly than in the ordinary milk at all the different aw studied. Thus, at conditions normally accepted for ordinary dried milk (aw approximately 0.2; moisture approximately 4%) there was an available lysine loss in the hydrolysed milk of about 25% after 2 months and about 40% after 6-months storage at room temperature. This occurred without any visible browning. It is concluded that drying to very low aw (less than or equal to 0.11) is necessary to obtain good stability of the protein nutritional value (PNV) in lactose-hydrolysed milk. The drying, however, must be done so that losses in nutritional value are minimal during that process. It should also be noted that fat oxidation might be a problem at such low aw. A chemical method for available lysine assay (guanidination and assay of homoarginine) gave values in good agreement with the biological evaluations with rats.
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PMID:Storage of lactose-hydrolysed dried milk: effect of water activity on the protein nutritional value. 71 55


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