Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT01586 (G418)
 2,237 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We developed an adenovirus vector for transduction of the human CD21 gene (Adv-CD21), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific receptor on human B lymphocytes, to overcome the initial barrier of EBV infection in nonprimate mammalian cells. Inoculation of Adv-CD21 followed by exposure to recombinant EBV carrying a selectable marker resulted in the successful entry of EBV into three of seven nonprimate mammalian cell lines as evidenced by expression of EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA). The EBV-susceptible cell lines included rat glioma-derived 9L, rat mammary carcinoma-derived c-SST-2, and canine kidney-derived MDCK. Subsequent selection culture with G418 yielded drug-resistant cell clones. In these cell clones, EBV existed as an episomal form, as evidenced through the Gardella gel technique. Among the known EBV latency-associated gene products, EBV-encoded small RNAs, EBNA1 and transcripts from the BamHI-A rightward reading frame (BARF0), and latent membrane protein 2A were expressed in all EBV-infected cell clones. The viral lytic events could be induced in these cell clones by simultaneous treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and n-butyric acid, but they were abortive, and infectious virus was not produced. These results indicate that once the initial barrier for attachment is overcome artificially, EBV can establish a stable infection in some nonprimate mammalian cells, and they raise the possibility that transgenic animals with the human CD21 gene could provide an animal model for EBV infection.
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PMID:CD21-mediated entry and stable infection by Epstein-Barr virus in canine and rat cells. 1104 19

It has been reported that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) resides in resting B cells in vivo. However, an ideal in vitro system for studying EBV latent infection in vivo has not yet been established. In this study, a mantle cell lymphoma line, SP53, was successfully infected with a recombinant EBV containing a neomycin-resistant gene. The EBV-carrying SP53 cells were obtained by selection using G418. They expressed EBER-1, EBNAs, and LMP1; this expression pattern of the EBV genes was similar to that in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). However, proliferation assay showed that the EBV-carrying SP53 cells have a doubling time of 73 h, compared with 57 h of SP53 cells. Transplantation of 10(8) SP53 cells to nude mice formed tumors in 4 of 10 mice inoculated, but the EBV-carrying SP53 cells did not. Unexpectedly, EBV infection reduced the proliferation and tumorigenicity of SP53 cells. However, the EBV-carrying SP53 cells showed higher resistance to apoptosis induced by serum starvation than did the SP53 cells. The inhibition of proliferation and the resistance to apoptosis induced in SP53 cells by EBV infection indicate that this cell line might to some extent provide a model of in vivo EBV reservoir cells.
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PMID:Characterization of epstein-barr virus-infected mantle cell lymphoma lines. 1106 68

EBV infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Viral infection may occur from the early or late stage in IPF development. Whether alveolar epithelial cells, AECs, normally express EBV main receptor, CD21, remains uncertain. Such situations prompted us to exploit an efficient direct infection system to investigate EBV receptor repertoire in primary human AECs. Using human primary type 2 AECs, which have been grown in basal medium supplemented with 10 ng/ml Keratinocyte Growth Factor, and type 1 AECs, supplemented with Epithelial Growth Factor, both AEC lines express CD21 mRNA and protein with a significant increase in type 2 cells. Type 2 AECs have been exposed to TGFbeta1 and IL-4, whose expression is associated with IPF development. CD21 is highly expressed in type 2 AECs following IL-4 exposure. EBV bound to type 2 AECs membrane increases significantly following pre-treatment with IL-4 (p<0.001) and decreasing antagonizing CD21 receptor (p<0.01). 200 microg/ml G418-mediated selection of EBV-Neomycin resistant infected cells selected IL-4 pre-exposed type 2 AECs. Our study of a viral cell line model provides evidence to suggest that CD21-dependent viral entry plays a crucial role in type 2 AECs, indicative of an IL-4 response EBV infection in IPF.
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PMID:IL-4 increases CD21-dependent infection of pulmonary alveolar epithelial type II cells by EBV. 1919 42