Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: DrugBank:EXPT00568 (ascorbate)
 23,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The stability of Potassium Penicillin G, USP, when mixed with Ascorbic Acid Injection, USP, in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, was studied. The change in concentration over an eight-hour period of potassium penicillin G in the admixture was determined by the hydroxylamine colorimetric assay method and the microbiological assay method. The stability of penicillin was not adversely affected by the presence of sodium ascorbate. Reports of incompatibilities between penicillin and ascorbic acid are a function of pH rather than a characteristic of the ascorbate ion. Articles reporting studies involving ascorbic acid should specify whether the work refers to the use of ascorbic acid or Ascorbic Acid Injection, USP. Confusion in the literature could be reduced by changing the official title from Ascorbic Acid Injection to Sodium Ascorbate Injection.
 ...
PMID:Compatibility of penicillin and ascorbic acid injection. 0 90

Ascorbic Acid (AA) has been used in the prevention and treatment of cancer with reported effectiveness. Mitochondria may be one of the principal targets of ascorbate's cellular activity and it may play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Mitochondria, besides generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), has a role in apoptosis regulation and in the production of regulatory oxidative species that may be relevant in gene expression. At higher concentrations AA may increase ATP production by increasing mitochondrial electron flux, also may induce apoptotic cell death in tumor cell lines, probably via its pro-oxidant action In contrast, at lower concentrations AA displays antioxidant properties that may prevent the activation of oxidant-induced apoptosis. These concentration dependent activities of ascorbate may explain in part the seemingly contradictory results that have been reported previously.
 ...
PMID:Mitochondria, Energy and Cancer: The Relationship with Ascorbic Acid. 2356 30

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be synthesized by humans and other primates, and has to be obtained from diet. Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts as a cofactor for fifteen mammalian enzymes. Two sodium-dependent transporters are specific for ascorbic acid, and its oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid is transported by glucose transporters. Ascorbic acid is differentially accumulated by most tissues and body fluids. Plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations are dependent on amount consumed, bioavailability, renal excretion, and utilization. To be biologically meaningful or to be clinically relevant, in vitro and in vivo studies of vitamin C actions have to take into account physiologic concentrations of the vitamin. In this paper, we review vitamin C physiology; the many phenomena involving vitamin C where new knowledge has accrued or where understanding remains limited; raise questions about the vitamin that remain to be answered; and explore lines of investigations that are likely to be fruitful.
...
PMID:Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks. 2680 19

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the major cause for gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic death of gastric epithelial cells are typical hallmarks of H. pylori infection. Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside (AA2G) is a stable version of Vitamin C, that binds glucose to conventional vitamin C. AA2G has free radical scavenging activities and anti-apoptotic abilities. However, the protective effect of AA2G against H. pylori-infection in gastric epithelial cells is yet unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AA2G in human H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. AA2G could remarkably ameliorate H. pylori-induced oxidative stress, including the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Importantly, AA2G treatment also improved mitochondrial function by restoring the level of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, AA2G reduced apoptosis induced by H. pylori through modulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways. Our findings suggest that AA2G has a protective effect against H. pylori infection in gastric epithelial cells.
 ...
PMID:L-ascorbic Acid-2-Glucoside inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in Gastric Epithelial cells. 2908 Apr 61

The Mitochondrial Ascorbic Acid Transporter (MAT) from both rat liver and potato mitochondria has been reconstituted in proteoliposomes. The protein has a molecular mass in the range of 28-35 kDa and catalyzes saturable, temperature and pH dependent, unidirectional ascorbic acid transport. The transport activity is sodium independent and it is optimal at acidic pH values. It is stimulated by proton gradient, thus supporting that ascorbate is symported with H+. It is efficiently inhibited by the lysine reagent pyridoxal phosphate and it is not affected by inhibitors of other recognized plasma and mitochondrial membranes ascorbate transporters GLUT1(glucose transporter-1) or SVCT2 (sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2). Rat protein catalyzes a cooperative ascorbate transport, being involved two binding sites; the measured K0.5 is 1.5 mM. Taking into account the experimental results we propose that the reconstituted ascorbate transporter is not a GLUT or SVCT, since it shows different biochemical features. Data of potato transporter overlap the mammalian ones, except for the kinetic parameters non-experimentally measurable, thus supporting the MAT in plants fulfills the same transport role.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of a Novel Mitochondrial Ascorbate Transporter From Rat Liver and Potato Mitochondria. 2999 11

Sepsis is a devastating disease that carries an enormous toll in terms of human suffering and lives lost. Over 100 novel pharmacologic agents that targeted specific molecules or pathways have failed to improve the outcome of sepsis. Preliminary data suggests that the combination of Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine (HAT therapy) may reduce organ failure and mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. HAT therapy is based on the concept that a combination of readily available, safe and cheap agents, which target multiple components of the host's response to an infectious agent, will synergistically restore the dysregulated immune response and thereby prevent organ failure and death. This paper reviews the rationale for HAT therapy with a focus on vitamin C.
 ...
PMID:Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine (HAT Therapy) for the Treatment of Sepsis. Focus on Ascorbic Acid. 3044 16