Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:EXPT00568 (ascorbate)
 23,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 12 and 24 h continuous subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine (D.F.) on urinary iron excretion was compared in 13 patients with beta-thalassaemia major and 1 with congenital sideroblastic anaemia, all of whom were receiving regular blood-transfusions. 750 mg D.F. given over a 12 h period, gave a mean total (30 h) iron excretion of 17-5 mg, which was not statistically different from the mean iron excretion of 21-5 mg when the same dose was delivered over 24 h. 1500 mg D.F. gave a mean urinary iron excretion of 28-1 mg with a 12 h infusion, which was significantly less than the mean iron excretion of 39-6 mg with 24 h infusion. The 1500 mg dose gave a significant increase in iron excretion compared with the 750 mg dose when given by either 12 h or 24 h infusion. 7 of 8 patients, given D.F. over a 12 h period, had increased iron excretion when the dose was increased from 750 to 2000 mg. When the dose was increased to 4000 mg, however, the effect on iron excretion was variable. On the other hand, ascorbic-acid therapy was invariably associated with increased iron excretion after subcutaneous D.F. In twelve studies at different dose levels of D.F., ascorbate therapy was associated with increased iron excretion ranging from 24 to 245%. It is concluded that in most patients with transfusional iron overload subcutaneous D.F over a 12 h period, at a dose ranging from 2 to 4 g daily with ascorbic-acid saturation, is at present the most satisfactory method of removing excess iron.
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PMID:Effect of dose, time, and ascorbate on iron excretion after subcutaneous desferrioxamine. 6 69

Rhesus monkeys fed an ascorbic acid-free, purified liquid diet, developed scurvy in 70 to 105 days as evidenced by loss of weight, anemia, bleeding gums, inflamed palate, diarrhea, and inability to stand. Oral administration of either 10 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid or an equimolar amount of the magnesium salt of 1-ascorbic acid phosphate cured all symptoms of scurvy. Similarly, oral administration of 1-ascorbic acid phosphate cured all symptoms of scurvy in the guinea pig and resulted in liver ascorbate levels equal to those of animals feed ascorbic acid. It is concluded that ascorbic acid phosphate is a readily available source of ascorbic acid activity in vivo.
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PMID:Antiscorbutic activity of ascorbic acid phosphate in the rhesus monkey and the guinea pig. 10 21

The unusual occurrence of microcytic anemia with hypochromia, high iron blood levels and excess of sideroblasts in the bone marrow, observed during the treatment of tuberculosis with isoniazid and rifampicine is reported. Three particularities were noted. First, in our experience, the occurrence of this type of anemia has never been noted previously as a result of these two drugs. Secondly, the improvement of the blood abnormalities was obtained by the combined use of vitamin B6 and vitamin C. Thirdly, the anemia was associated with neuropathy, characterized by areflexia and dysesthesia, which improved with vitamin B6 therapy (but not with vitamin C). Some mechanisms are discussed as being possibly the origin of this kind of anemia, particularly a lack of vitamin B6 resulting from a massive urinary loss of pyridoxal induced by isoniazid as well as both a tissue depletion and an overconsumption of this vitamin. The anemia may be the consequence of a deficiency of hemoglobin synthesis involving probably the first step of the biosynthesis of heme.
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PMID:[Anemia with hypersideroblastosis during anti-tuberculosis therapy. Cure with vitamin therapy]. 67 33

Nutritional assessment of white persons over 59 who participated in the 1973 Missouri Nutrition Survey was based upon biochemical measurements, dietary intakes using food frequency histories, anthropometric measurements, and a dental examination. There were three major nutritionally related problems: poor dental health, obesity, and anemia. The mean for DMF, periodental index, and oral hygiene index for males was 20.5, 4.9, and 3.9, respectively; for females, 17.6, 3.6, and 2.5. Over one-half of both sexes were edentulous. Of the women 59% were greater than 119% of desirable weight compared to 22% of the men. Using guidelines from the Ten-State Nutrition Survey, the following percentages of men had low blood levels: 20, hemoglobin and serum iron; 2, plasma vitamin A; 6, plasma carotene; 1, serum vitamin C; and 0, serum albumin. The percent of women with low biochemical levels were: 11, hemoglobin; 10, serum iron; 7, plasma vitamin A; 1, serum vitamin C; and 2, serum albumin. None of the subjects had low or deficient levels of erythrocyte glutathione reductase. One-half of the women compared to one-fifth of the men had consumed diets with one or more nutrients below 67% of the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances.
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PMID:Nutritional status of elderly residents in Missouri. 72 63

Routinely measuring iron status is necessary because about 6% of Americans have negative iron balance, about 10% have a gene for positive balance, and about 1% have iron overload. Deviations from normal iron status are as follows. (a) Stage I and II negative iron balance, ie, iron depletion: In these stages iron stores are low and there is no dysfunction. In stage I negative iron balance, reduced iron absorption produces moderately depleted iron stores. Stage II negative iron balance is characterized by severely depleted iron stores. More than half of all cases of negative iron balance fall into these two stages. When persons in these stages are treated with iron, they never develop dysfunction or disease. (b) Stage III and IV negative iron balance, ie, iron deficiency: Iron deficiency is characterized by inadequate body iron for normal function, producing dysfunction and disease. In stage III negative iron balance, dysfunction is not accompanied by anemia; anemia develops in stage IV negative iron balance. (c) Stage I and II positive iron balance: Stage I positive balance usually lasts for several years with no dysfunction. Supplements of iron and/or vitamin C promote progression to dysfunction or disease. Iron removal prevents progression to disease. Iron overload disease develops in stage II positive iron balance after years of iron overload has caused progressive damage to tissues and organs. Again, iron removal stops disease progression. There are a variety of indicators of iron status. Serum ferritin is in equilibrium with body iron stores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Everyone should be tested for iron disorders. 835 7

Young rhesus macaques housed in outdoor corn cribs and fed a commercially prepared primate diet became weak, depressed, were reluctant to move, and expressed locomotor abnormalities. Thirteen severely affected animals were hospitalized for evaluation. Physical examination disclosed swellings and instabilities involving the ends of long bones. Radiography confirmed physeal fractures in 11 of 13 animals. Affected bones included the distal femur, proximal humerus, distal tibia/fibula, and distal radius/ulna. Other, less obvious changes were noted on radiographs. Anemia was a consistent finding. Ascorbic acid deficiency was suspected and therapy was initiated that consisted of vitamin supplements, diet change, cage rest, and support bandages. Feed samples were submitted to a laboratory for analysis and were confirmed deficient in vitamin C. Follow-up radiographs showed large calcifying subperiosteal hematomas in epiphyseometaphyseal regions, consistent with a diagnosis of scurvy. Twelve of 13 animals recovered clinically. Subsequent radiographs documented improvement of initially severe angular deformities associated with displaced fractures.
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PMID:Skeletal lesions and anemia associated with ascorbic acid deficiency in juvenile rhesus macaques. 132 Jan 53

Routinely measuring iron status is necessary because not only are about 6% of Americans in significant negative iron balance, but about 1% have iron overload. Serum ferritin is in equilibrium with body iron stores, and is the only blood test that measures them. Barring inflammation, each one ng (0.0179 pmol) ferritin/ml of serum indicates approximately 10 mg (0.179 mmol) of body iron stores. Very early Stage I positive balance is best recognized by measuring saturation of iron binding capacity. Conversely, serum ferritin best recognizes early (Stage I and II) negative balance. Deviations from normal are: 1. Both stages of iron depletion (i.e. low stores, no dysfunction). Negative iron balance Stage I is reduced iron absorption producing moderately depleted iron stores. Stage II is severely depleted stores, without dysfunction. These stages include over half of all cases of negative iron balance. Treated with iron, they never progress to dysfunction, i.e. to disease. 2. Both stages of iron deficiency. Deficiency is inadequate iron for normal function, i.e. dysfunction, disease. Negative balance Stage III is dysfunction without anemia; Stage IV is with anemia. 3. Positive iron balance: Stage I is a multi-year period without dysfunction. Supplements of iron and/or vitamin C promote progression to dysfunction (disease). Iron removal prevents progression. Stage II is iron overload disease, encompassing years of insidiously progressive damage to tissues and organs from iron overload. Iron removal arrests progression.
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PMID:Iron disorders can mimic anything, so always test for them. 142 81

Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent among form of anemia in the world. In Japan, there is no overall report concerning prevalence and pathogenesis of iron deficiency. We estimated the prevalence of iron deficiency from the results of a survey of 3,015 Japanese women. The reference range for hemoglobin was derived from the average value of subjects with normal iron status (> or = 16% of transferrin saturation and > or = 12 ng/ml of serum ferritin). Using these reference standards, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, latent iron deficiency, storage iron deficiency, normal and others were 8.5%, 8.0%, 33.4%, 43.6% and 6.5%, respectively. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia increased beginning in early lower teen girls, was highest in high teen-girls and, young women and decreased in elderly women. In elderly women, the cause of iron deficiency was often obvious associated with anemia of chronic disorders. The strategy for iron deficiency was discussed concerning iron fortification, mega-ingestion of vitamin C and low dose administration of iron tablets in the higher incidence group.
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PMID:[Prevalence and pathogenesis of iron deficiency in Japanese women (1981-1991)]. 146 80

The incidence of iron deficiency anemia, rickets, and zinc deficiency is very high in Chinese preschool children and a method for prevention is urgently needed. From our studies, it can be seen that a soft drink powder is a convenient vehicle for the supplementation of iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. Table salt is also a good, low-cost carrier for iron and zinc, and cow's milk can only be used for the enrichment of vitamins A and D. In our study the therapeutic dose of iron was lower than 3 mg/kg body weight recommended by the WHO Expert Committee. As ascorbic acid can enhance the absorption of iron in the body, so 300 mg vitamin C was added to 100 g of soft drink powder containing 100 mg of elemental iron. Ten g of powder is not only enough for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia but it can also cure iron deficiency anemia within 3 months. One hundred mg of iron in 100 g of table salt is an adequate level, because an adult or a child taking 10 or 5 g of salt will receive 10 and 5 mg of elemental iron respectively. This dosage is adequate for the prevention of anemia. From our results, 10 mg of zinc daily is enough for the prevention and treatment of zinc deficiency in preschool children. Four hundred IU of vitamin D (from fortified soft drink powder or enriched fresh cow's milk) orally-administered daily, is a good way to prevent rickets in infants and young children.
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PMID:Studies on iron deficiency anemia, rickets and zinc deficiency and their prevention among Chinese preschool children. 149 54

Although in the past, rates of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes were lower in Alaska Natives than in US whites, these diseases are now increasing. The rate of iron-deficiency anemia for Alaska Natives continues to be higher than that in the general population. To understand the role of diet in these chronic diseases, seasonal dietary intakes of 351 Alaska Native adults from 11 communities were assessed during 1987-1988. Alaska Natives consumed more energy (19%), protein (39%), fat (21%), carbohydrate (13%), iron (25%), vitamin A (53%), and vitamin C (31%), but less calcium (19%) than did the general US adult population [National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II (NHANES II)]; Alaska Natives consumed six times more fish but less fruits and vegetables. Results suggest that energy and protein intakes decreased in the last 30 y but the proportion of energy from fat (37%) remained unchanged. High fish consumption and large seasonal dietary variations persisted, which may protect against chronic diseases. However, excess energy and fat and low calcium, fruit, and vegetable intakes may be contributing to recent increases in chronic diseases. Dietary guidelines are proposed.
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PMID:The diet of Alaska Native adults: 1987-1988. 848 Jun 92


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