Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:BIOD00097 (anti-RSV)
 466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection affected seven premature infants in a special care baby unit during November and December 1999. Conventional infection control measures (cohorting infected babies, strict reinforcement of the use of gloves and aprons, emphasis on hand disinfection) failed to prevent spread. Palivizumab, a respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, was given to eight high-risk preterm infants. There were no further cases of RSV in the unit and none of the babies given palivizumab developed RSV. One baby who acquired RSV during the outbreak (and who was not given palivizumab) was subsequently admitted to hospital with another episode of RSV bronchiolitis. The role of palivizumab in the control of hospital outbreaks of RSV infection merits further investigation.
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PMID:The use of palivizumab monoclonal antibody to control an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a special care baby unit. 1143 5

(1) RSV infection, the main cause of bronchiolitis, can necessitate hospitalisation, especially of infants at risk, i.e. those with a history of prematurity or bronchodysplasia. No drug prevention has been available. (2) Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is now marketed for preventing respiratory tract infection by RSV in certain infants. (3) The evaluation dossier barely answers the questions raised by the use of this drug. (4) The results of six trials suggest that the optimal dose is 15 mg/kg palivizumab by monthly injection throughout the seasonal epidemic period. (5) A double-blind trial in 1 502 infants either aged less than 6 months and born prematurely (35 weeks of gestation or earlier), or aged under 2 years with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, has shown that, relative to a placebo, palivizumab reduces the hospitalisation rates by 5% in absolute values. It does not influence mortality or the need for mechanical ventilation. (6) Given the lack of relevant trials, we do not know if palivizumab is effective in infants with immunodeficiency or congenital heart diseases. We do not know, either, whether the definition of groups at risk used in the only relevant trial is appropriate. (7) No serious adverse effects attributable to palivizumab were reported in clinical trials. (8) Treatment with palivizumab is costly.
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PMID:Palivizumab in prevention of bronchiolitis: new preparation. Moderate efficacy in some infants. 1147 94

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) can be devastating to premature infants and children with chronic lung disease. Palivizumab (Synagis) is a monoclonal antibody that is administered monthly by injection to prevent RSV infection in infants at high risk. This article describes a nurse-run ambulatory clinic to provide RSV prophylaxis. Coordination with other agencies, including community neonatal intensive care units, was essential to the clinic's success. For each of its first 2 years of operation, 24 infants and their families attended the clinic once each month for 5 months throughout the RSV season. Outcomes for this patient population were compared to outcomes reported in the literature, and include reduced RSV-related hospitalizations and reduced days of hospitalization.
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PMID:Developing a synagis clinic for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. 1155 74

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the principal agents of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. Thus, there is a strong need to make a safe and effective vaccine against the RSV infection. DNA immunization is very effective at inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we inserted the RSV-F gene into expression vectors, pcDNA3.1 and pQE. These constructs were transformed into C2C12 and E. coli M15 cells, respectively. The expression of the RSV-F protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blot analyses. The immunization of pcDNA3.1-RSV-F elicited both anti-RSV-F titer in mouse sera and CTL activities with mouse splenocytes. Especially, the co-administration of IL-4, or the GM-CSF gene with the RSV-F gene construct, enhanced the production of anti-RSV-F Ab. However, this enhancement disappeared by the simultaneous injection of the Th1 and Th2 type cytokine genes. The CTL activities were affected by the co-delivery of the IFN-gamma gene, but not by Th2-type cytokines.
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PMID:Immune induction and modulation in mice following immunization with DNA encoding F protein of respiratory syncytial virus. 1156 30

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization for respiratory tract infection during the first 2 years of life. Recently the monoclonal antibody Palivizumab was approved for prophylaxis of RSV infection. Guidelines for the use of Palivizumab are based on data from North America and Great Britain. The epidemiology of RSV infection and patient management procedures may vary from one country to another. This study was designed to analyze the spectrum of patients hospitalized in Germany for RSV infection. During the 1998 to 1999 RSV season RSV-infected children admitted to twenty hospitals were followed. Of 222 RSV-infected patients 17.6 % (39) were born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier and 16.2 % (36) between 33 weeks and 35 weeks. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the extremely preterm infants and the other patients in frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, supplemental oxygen and age at hospital admission. In addition, both preterm groups had a significant longer length of hospital stay compared to the infants born at term. Thus, the current guidelines seem to be appropriate for selection of infants to receive RSV prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Treatment of infants with RSV infection: a retrospective analysis of the season 1998/99]. 1182 52

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is widely recognized as a leading cause of pneumonia, with substantial mortality, in bone marrow transplant recipients. We tested the efficacy of a systemic monoclonal antibody (MAB) preparation possessing a high titer of anti-RSV neutralizing antibody, palivizumab (Synagis) for prophylaxis and therapy of RSV infection in cytoxan (CY) immunosuppressed cotton rats, a model in which the efficacy of a polyclonal anti-RSV product (Respigam) has been demonstrated. Both prophylaxis and therapy with this MAB were highly effective in reducing pulmonary viral replication. However, multiple sequential therapeutic doses of MAB were necessary to control rebound viral replication in continually suppressed animals.
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PMID:Palivizumab is highly effective in suppressing respiratory syncytial virus in an immunosuppressed animal model. 1185 Jul 5

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects almost all children by two years of age, resulting in a large number of hospital admissions in infants. Reactive airway disease is more common after RSV infection, even in previously healthy children. Management of the acute infection is supportive, but preliminary evidence suggests surfactant administration to ventilated infants may be of benefit. Whether ribavirin or corticosteroids reduce respiratory morbidity after RSV infection remains controversial. Immunoprophylaxis reduces RSV admissions, Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is a more cost-effective prophylaxis than RSV immune globulin. Nevertheless, the cost of prophylaxis, unless only given to very high-risk infants, exceeds savings made in reducing admissions.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features, management, and prophylaxis. 1198 11

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major viral pathogen which causes serious respiratory illness in infants and children worldwide. Palivizumab (Synagis) is an anti-RSV monoclonal antibody administered intramuscularly for the prevention of severe RSV respiratory disease in high-risk infants and young children. The IMpact-RSV trial, the pivotal multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial performed in the USA, Canada and the United Kingdom demonstrated an overall 55% reduction in hospitalization rate due to RSV infection in preterm infants (< or = 35 weeks gestation) with and without chronic lung disease (CLD). Subgroup analysis in premature infants without CLD revealed an even greater reduction in RSV hospitalization rates (78%). Adverse events were infrequent and did not differ between placebo and palivizumab groups. Injection site reactions were infrequent and mild; no differences were observed between palivizumab and placebo subjects. Palivizumab does not interfere with administration of other pediatric vaccines. Comprehensive parent education programs regarding prevention of infection, avoidance of risk factors for infection, careful adherence to infection control policies, and recognition of early symptoms of RSV infection remain important components of RSV prevention strategies. In light of the lack of effective vaccines for this serious health risk, palivizumab offers the only option for prophylaxis against RSV disease in high-risk infants.
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PMID:Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in high-risk infants by monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). 1198 88

The prophylactic administration of Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein, was recently shown to significantly decrease the incidence of RSV-related hospitalizations among high-risk children (IMpact-RSV trial). While awaiting marketing authorization in France and through a cohort of patients' name-based national program temporarily authorized by the French Drug Agency, a prospective register of all Palivizumab-treated patients in France was set up during the epidemic season 1999-2000. Based on this register, this study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of RSV-related hospitalizations and the safety of prophylaxis among a national cohort of children at high-risk of severe RSV disease. During the study period, guidelines issued by the French Pediatric Society recommended prophylaxis for children either aged less than 6 months at inclusion and born at less than 33 weeks of gestation with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 28 days of life, or aged less than 2 years, born at less than 36 weeks of gestation, and having required treatment for BPD over the previous 6 months. Once included in the program, investigators were to prospectively report the clinical and demographic characteristics of children, all hospitalizations, and reasons for the hospitalizations. Five hundred and sixteen children were treated with 1-5 monthly doses. The median gestational age was 28 weeks, and children born at less than 33 weeks of gestation accounted for 88% of the cohort. The prevalence of BPD was 81%. Ninety children were hospitalized for respiratory illness. In 39 children, hospitalizations were attributed to RSV (7.6% of the total cohort). Among those 39 children, 10 (1.9% of the total cohort) required admission into an intensive care unit, and 4 required mechanical ventilation. No deaths or serious adverse events attributable to RSV infection or Palivizumab treatment were reported. We conclude that the RSV-related hospitalization rate in this high-risk cohort was comparable to the rate observed in the subgroup of Palivizumab-prophylaxed children with BPD in the IMpact-RSV trial.
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PMID:Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalizations in high-risk children: follow-up of a national cohort of infants treated with Palivizumab as RSV prophylaxis. 1220 46

We evaluated the incidence of readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among the graduates of a regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and characterized those who were rehospitalized. These data were used as a predictive tool to estimate the number of babies likely to suffer readmission with RSV for the year 2000 cohort. Using the published efficacies of palivizumab, the costs and benefits of protecting this cohort were assessed. Retrospective analysis of 2,507 NICU inpatient records from January 1, 1994-December 31, 1999 from the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, were compared with data on positive RSV samples from 1,790 patients between January 1, 1995-December 31, 1999 from the Northern Ireland Regional Virus Laboratory. The analysis yielded 136 (7.6%) ex-NICU patients among the positive RSV samples over this 5-year period. Characteristic seasonal peaks of RSV infection with interseasonal variability were observed. Of those readmitted, 86.9% were hospitalized with RSV before their first birthday. A calculated readmission rate of 5.4% for all NICU graduates, and 6.4% for those <or=35 weeks, was found, leading to an expectation of 36 readmissions from the 668 NICU graduates in the year 2000 over the next 1-2 years, 20 of whom would be <or=35 weeks and 12 would be <or=32 weeks. A cost of pound 1.3 million would be required to protect the <or=35-week year 2000 cohort and prevent 11 readmissions. This equals pound 120,000 per admission prevented, or 28.2 patients treated to prevent 1 readmission. A readmission rate of 6.4% may differ from other studies, as it represents analysis of a greater number of RSV seasons. Using economic arguments alone, the cost of routine administration of Palivizumab to ex-NICU <or=35-week infants is prohibitive. A selective practice of immunizing those with chronic lung disease with a background of extreme prematurity over the November to March RSV season may be more cost-effective.
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PMID:Readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among graduates from a neonatal intensive care unit. 1220 67


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