Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:BIOD00082 (IL-2)
 29,198 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of pseudo-tumoral osteomyelitis are reported. The first concerns a 12 year-old boy who presented with pain of the left knee during 8 months and, later on, with swelling of the upper extremity of the left leg, without fever or local inflammatory signs. The radiological aspect of condensation with a filling defect and "chimney" crossing the cartilage led to osteotomy. Local bacteriological samplings were normal. The second case concerns a 11 year-old boy who, after having complained from pain of the right wrist during 2 weeks, presented with swelling and on X-ray films a picture of metaphyso-epiphyseal lysis and an aspect of sequestrum in its center. There was no biological sign of inflammation. Evolution was favorable after antibiotic treatment and immobilization. In both cases, an immunological study showed an activation syndrome of the immune system with increased serum IL-1, IL-2 receptors and class II antigen receptors on the surface of T cells, suggesting a previous immunization of both children towards staphylococcus and, thereby, the subacute nature of evolution.
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PMID:[Pseudo-tumoral osteomyelitis. Immunologic study and etiopathogenic approach. Apropos of 2 cases]. 155 Apr 50

Twenty patients with recurrent, inoperable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma received perilymphatic injections of natural interleukin-2 (nIL-2) for 10 days. Ten patients received 200 units (U) of nIL-2; five 1,000 U; and five 5,000 U. Irrespective of the location of the recurrence, the injections were always performed 1.5 cm below the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the mastoid. When the ipsilateral lymphatic chain was still present, they were performed on the same side as the tumor site, whereas when it had been stripped as a result of previous surgery, they were contralateral. Patients who had undergone bilateral neck dissection were injected on the tumor side. Whenever possible, the treatment was repeated after 45-day intervals. In 13 patients (65%) with bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, complete or partial disappearance of the lesion was observed. Despite these marked responses, the tumor always relapsed, and subsequent IL-2 courses were poorly effective. There were no systemic disturbances during or after treatment, but only moderate local swelling and pain.
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PMID:Interleukin-2 injected around tumor-draining lymph nodes in head and neck cancer. 202 77

We investigated the usefullness and problems of arterial administration of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells in combination with systemic IL-2 in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Ten nephrectomized patients with extrapulmonary and/or nonresectable metastases were treated with arterial infusions of LAK cells and systemic rIL-2 (5 x 10(5) IU twice a day) for 1-12 weeks. Leukapheresis was carried out once or twice a week, and two LAK cell populations generated from two gravity subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes were administered separately. Five of 15 metastases treated showed appreciable regression of metastatic sites including bone, muscle and lymph nodes. Two of 15 showed a minor response. Local pain due to metastasis was relieved or disappeared in 6 patients. There was no correlation between the response of the patients and the number of LAK cells used. The 24- and 56-month survival rate was 50 and 25%, respectively. No serious side effects were experienced during treatment. We conclude that regional arterial administration of LAK cells in combination with a low dose of IL-2 is worthwhile as an alternative treatment modality to conventional therapy for a selected group of patients with advanced RCC.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma using regional arterial administration of lymphokine-activated killer cells in combination with low doses of rIL-2. 764 36

A 4-year-old Japanese boy was referred to Osaka University Dental Hospital because of severe mobility and pain of the right lower primary canine. The canine had severe bone loss and a pocket depth exceeding 5-6 mm. The left lower canine showed slight mobility and moderate alveolar bone loss. The other primary teeth showed no pathogenic findings. The subgingival microflora from the right lower canine was dominated by gram-negative rods, especially capnocytophaga and fusobacterium, while actinomyces sp. were the most common gram-positive bacteria. While neutrophil functions of the patient were within the normal ranges of healthy subjects, some lymphocyte functions such as IL-2 production and IgG and IgM syntheses were lower in the patient. 7 months after the extraction of the right lower primary canine, the patient complained of pain around the right lower primary lateral incisor. In 3-4 weeks, the alveolar bone was lost rapidly and mobility of the lower anterior teeth increased significantly. The primary lateral incisor was extracted and the other primary teeth were treated by sealing and systemic and local administration of antibiotics. After treatment, the lower anterior teeth became less mobile and the gram-positive cocci predominated.
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PMID:Clinical, microbiological and host defense parameters associated with a case of localized prepubertal periodontitis. 770 40

In a double-blind placebo-control study the immunomodulating effect of cimetidine treatment for one week and placebo was investigated for cell-mediated immune reactions of 22 patients with herpes zoster (HZ). The mitogen induced leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) and the in vitro proliferation of the patients' lymphocytes to exogenous IL-2 were used. Before any treatment, the mitogen induced leukocyte migration inhibition capacity (LMIC) of HZ patients was found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.02) as compared to healthy blood bank donors (controls). After one week, within the same treatment, the LMIC was significantly improved (p < 0.01). The patients' lymphoproliferative response to IL-2, before any treatment, was not significantly different from that of controls (p < 0.05). However, significantly higher values (p < 0.001) were found in patients tested 7 days after the disease onset as compared to those tested after 12 days. One-week cimetidine treatment significantly improved (p < 0.05) the lymphoproliferative response to IL-2 of initially low responders and had no effect on higher responder patients. In contrast to this, after one week of placebo treatment, a significant decrease in the patients' lymphoproliferative response to IL-2 could be observed as compared to patients' initial responses (p < 0.05) or to those of controls (p < 0.05). Although the number of cases is very small. The data suggest that after cimetidine treatment, as compared to placebo, healing from skin rash and pain was achieved in a significantly shorter time (p < 0.01).
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PMID:IN vitro cell-mediated immune reactions in herpes zoster patients treated with cimetidine. 787 92

We investigated the effect of oral aspirin and ibuprofen on the ex vivo synthesis of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy volunteers. Seven volunteers took 325 mg of aspirin daily for 14 days. Three weeks after ending aspirin medication, ex vivo IL-1 beta and TNF synthesis induced by exogenous IL-1 alpha was elevated threefold compared to the pre-aspirin value (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively). Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulus, no influence of oral aspirin was observed. The increase in cytokine synthesis did not parallel decreased synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Seven weeks after discontinuation of aspirin, cytokine and PGE-2 production returned to pre-aspirin levels. Another seven volunteers took 200 mg of ibuprofen daily for 12 days. Again, there was no effect on LPS- or Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced cytokine synthesis. However, IL-1 alpha-induced synthesis of IL-1 beta was elevated to a mean individual increase of 538% (P < 0.001) and synthesis of TNF was elevated to 270% (P < 0.001) at the end of ibuprofen medication and 2 weeks after discontinuation of ibuprofen. There were parallel increases in PGE2 and both returned to their pre-ibuprofen levels 5 weeks after stopping. Although inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase blunt PGE2-mediated symptoms such as fever and pain, we conclude that short term use of either aspirin or ibuprofen results in a 'rebound' increase in cytokine-induced cytokine synthesis that is not observed in LPS-induced cytokines.
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PMID:Oral aspirin and ibuprofen increase cytokine-induced synthesis of IL-1 beta and of tumour necrosis factor-alpha ex vivo. 869 89

A prospective study was carried out to determine the usefulness of 99TCm-human immunoglobulin G (HIG) scintigraphy in the assessment of the severity of joint inflammation. Twenty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. The presence or absence of pain and/or swelling was evaluated in 34 joints and a clinical index taking into account the surface area of each joint was calculated. We measured the following biological markers of inflammation activity: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, haemoglobin, platelet count, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and soluble receptors of IL-2. Scintigraphic was performed 4 h after the injection of 740 MBq 99Tcm-HIG. The scans were evaluated by visual and quantitative analysis and the scores in each joint were weighted for joint size. Pathological uptake of the radiopharmaceutical was noted in 46% (24/52) of joints evaluated as painful, 89% (146/164) of swollen joints and 94% (78/83) of both painful and swollen joints. Both the visual and the quantitative scintigraphic indices correlated significantly with the clinical index, the number of painful joints, the number of swollen joints and several biological markers of inflammation. A very high correlation was also found between the visual and the quantitative scintigraphic indices (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, 99Tcm-HIG scintigraphy is an objective test to detect synovitis and to assess the severity of inflammation. A careful visual analysis of scans is good enough for routine evaluations and computer quantitative analysis should be used when more accurate intra-individual variation is required.
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PMID:Scintigraphic evaluation of the severity of inflammation of the joints with 99TCm-HIG in rheumatoid arthritis. 882 52

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug with a dual mechanism of action: binding to mu-opioid receptors and potentiation of the monoaminergic systems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the acute and chronic administration of tramadol on nociceptive thresholds (by the hot-plate test) and on immune responses (by measuring Concanavalin A-induced splenocyte proliferation, IL-2 production and natural killer activity) in the mouse. After acute subcutaneous administration, tramadol induced antinociception starting from a dose of 20 mg/kg, whereas it significantly enhanced natural killer activity and IL-2 production at doses as low as 1 mg/kg and splenocyte proliferation starting from a dose of 10 mg/kg. After the chronic administration, the antinociceptive effect of the drug was still present, whereas the immune modifications disappeared. Thus, the pharmacological profile of tramadol is totally different from that of other drugs which bind mu-opioid receptors. Our results suggest that tramadol could be a good choice for the treatment of pain in patients where immunosuppression may be particularly contraindicated.
Pain 1997 Sep
PMID:Effects of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in mice. 931 73

The monoclonal antibody against IL-2R (Tac) could not block the analgesic effect of IL-2, and IL-2 mutant that could not bind to beta subunit of IL-2 receptor still had capability of increasing the pain threshold of rats. All these facts suggest that the analgesic effect of IL-2 in CNS is not mediated through the IL-2 receptor, and that the immune and analgesic effects of IL-2 are mediated through different receptor mechanisms. It is suggested that there are common antigenic determinants and similar structure between IL-2 and endogenous opioid peptides (EOP). This implies that the analgesic effect of IL-2 might be mediated by interaction between IL-2 and opioid receptors in CNS. Using radioimmunoassay the contents of EOP of different nuclei were measured at different times after injecting IL-2 into the lateral ventricle of rats. The results suggested that the analgesic effect of IL-2 may be related to beta-EP and LEK in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and locus ceruleus.
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PMID:[Possible mechanism of the analgesic effect of interleukin-2 in central nervous system]. 938 81

In addition to their capacity to induce pain, vasodilatation and fever, prostaglandins E (PGE) exert anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and T cells, and by increasing interleukin (IL)-10 production by macrophages. We here report that PGE2, the major arachidonic acid metabolite released by antigen-presenting cells (APC), primes naive human T cells for enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Unfractionated as well as CD45RO- CD31+ sort-purified neonatal CD4 T cells acquire the capacity to produce a large spectrum of cytokines after priming with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), in the absence of both APC and exogenous cytokines. PGE2 primes naive T cells in a dose-dependent fashion for production of high levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, and very low levels of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and TNF-beta. PGE2 does not significantly increase IL-4 production in priming cultures, whereas it suppresses IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Addition of a neutralizing mAb to IL-4 receptor in primary cultures, supplemented or not with PGE2, prevents the development of IL-4-producing cells but does not abolish the effects of PGE2 on IL-10 and IL-13 as well as T helper (Th)1-associated cytokines. Addition of exogenous IL-2 in primary cultures does not alter the effects of PGE2 on naive T cell maturation. Thus PGE2 does not act by increasing IL-4 production in priming cultures, and its effects are partly IL-4 independent and largely IL-2 independent. Together with the recent demonstration that PGE2 suppresses IL-12 production, our results strongly suggest that this endogenously produced molecule may play a significant role in Th subset development and that its stable analogs may be considered for the treatment of Th1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E2 primes naive T cells for the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. 946 43


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