Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:BIOD00035 (CSF)
 30,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In conscious cats the ventilatory response curve to physiological range of CO2 is displaced upward by hypoxia (about 45 torr), but it rises, either parallel with, or convergent on, the normoxic curve. Thus, a positive interaction of hypoxia and hypercapnic stimuli is not observed under these circumstances. However, if during the hypoxic exposure, hypocapnia is allowed to develop, the subsequently determined CO2 ventilatory response curve will shift to the left, rise steeply, particularly in the early phase, and demonstrate a positive hypoxic hypercapnic interaction. A demonstrable interactive effect was dependent on a conditioning period of hypocapnia, and this was shown to be associated with an elevated level of lactic acid to a greater degree in cerebral venous blood than in CSF or arterial blood. The interpretation is discussed without reaching a firm conclusion of mechanism, but the results emphasize how a minor change of experimental protocol affects a basic phenomenon in the chemical control of breathing.
Respir Physiol 1976 Dec
PMID:The role of brief hypocapnia in the ventilatory response to CO2 with hypoxia. 1 64

To study the role of carbonic anhydrase in the CSF [HCO3] increase in respiratory acidosis and its effect on brain ammonia, anesthetized rats were subjected to hypercapnia (7% CO2) for 2 hours. The animals received periodic intraventricular injections of either 'mock' CSF or 'mock' CSF and acetazolamide for 45 minutes prior and during hypercapnia when: (a) plasma [HCO3-] was allowed to increase normally and (2) plasma [HCO3] increase was prevented by i.v. HC1 infusion, CSF [HCO3] increased 8.5 mM/L after 2 hours of hypercapnia (delta PCO2 40) in the rats with intraventricular 'mock' CSF injections, and only 6 mM/L in the animals with acetazolamide injections. CSF [HCO3-] increased 7 mM/L during hypercapnia and HCl infusion with intraventricular 'mock' CSF injections, but only 2 mM/L with acetazolamide injections. Changes in total brain CO2 (increase) and brain glutamic acid (decrease) in hypercapnia were not affected by intraventricular acetazolamide and i.v. HCl. The increase of brain NH4+ and glutamine in hypercapnia was reduced in these conditions. It is concluded that there are at least two sources for the CSF [HCO3-] increase in hypercapnia; one formed in the CNS and dependent on carbonic anhydrase, and the other derived from plasma [HCO3-] increase.
Respir Physiol 1976 Dec
PMID:The CSF HCO3 increase in hypercapnia relationshp to HCO3, glutamate, glutamine and NH3 in brain. 1 66

The clinical, pathological, and neurochemical characteristics of a newly recognized inherited neurological disorder are reported. Lethargy and mental depression are early symptoms, followed by mild parkinsonism and progressive weight loss. Failure of automatic respiratory control develops and may result in sudden death. Advanced degeneration of the substantia nigra, cell loss and gliosis of the basal ganglia, and focal gliosis in the medulla are seen on pathological study. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is evidenced by low levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, homovanillic acid, and L-dopa decarboxylase in postmortem brain samples. Taurine concentrations in fasting plasma and CSF are somewhat depressed; brain contents of taurine are within normal limits.
Ann Neurol 1979 Dec
PMID:Familial fatal Parkinsonism with alveolar hypoventilation and mental depression. 4 4

The role of the medullary H+-sensitive chemoreceptors on the drive of breathing was studied in 10 unanesthetized newborn animals (8 lambs and 2 kids). The experiment consisted of sequential measurements of ventilation (VE) during a progressive change in the arterial pH (pHa) and in the pH of the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (pHCSF), induced by intravenous infusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed after an 8-h steady state of acidosis by rapid bicarbonate [HCO3-] infusion. It is shown that a rapid change in [HCO3-]CSF occurs during the infusion of HCl or NaHCO3. As a consequence both CSF and arterial pH change in the the same direction and large changes in pHCSF (from 7.331 to 7.227) were observed. Such CSF acidosis did not contribute to further increase VE beyond the level by hyperventilation induced by the initial fall of pHa. The ventilatory response to the decrease in pHa was found to fall off with moderate to severe acidosis (pHa less than 7.20). In conclusion, this study demonstrates an instability of the pHCSF during neonatal metabolic acidosis and it suggests an immaturity of both the H+-sensitive medullary and peripheral chemoreceptors in the 8-day-old newborns.
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1979 Dec
PMID:Central chemical regulation of respiration in term newborn. 4 60

Incorporation of 3H-fucose injected into the CSF was studied in hypothalamus and hypophysis of rats by biochemical and autoradiographic techniques. The concentration of radioactivity was determined as a function of time from 10 minutes to 28 days in the acid soluble and the acid precipitable fraction of homogenates. The incorporated activity was localized by light microscopic autoradiography in several regions of the hypothalamus. The labelled proteins were transported to the pars nervosa at a velocity of 1.1 to 3.3 mm/hr, i.e. in the fast component of the axoplasmic flow. Differences were found between hypothalamic and pars nervosa tissue regarding rates of increase and maximum concentrations of protein-bound radioactivity. Values for both parameters were about 6 times higher in hypothalamus than in pars nervosa. On the basis of the autoradiographic observations it is concluded that this difference may be due to a considerably higher synthesis rate of glycoproteins in glial cells than in neurons.
Histochemistry 1975 Dec 19
PMID:Glycoprotein metabolism in the hypothalamus of rat: significance of glial cells. 5 2

An atypical case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is described, characterized by early manifestation, a long lasting course with asymmetry of the lesions, absence of bulbar symptoms in the presence of an otherwise very advanced symptomatology, and constant signs of an inflammatory reaction in the CSF which was the reason to initiate extensive virological studies, including procedures for virus isolation. A virus belonging to the TbE complex of arbovirus group B (tick-borne flavivures), was finally isolated from the CSF. About 70% of the ALS cases in Hamburg/W. Germany, examined for antibodies, apparently had contact with this virus. The antibody pattern found made it possible to explain this exceptional case.
J Neurol 1975 Dec 02
PMID:An uncommon case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with isolation of a virus from the CSF. 5 28

143 autopsy cases of multiple sclerosis (19 acute and 124 chronic cases) were analysed histologically for the extent of active demyelination and the degree of infiltration within and outside the demyelinating lesions and in the leptomeninges. The results were compared with the duration of the illness. Infiltrations were found in 60% of all cases but more often (74%) in those with active demyelination. Inflammatory lesions outside demyelinating foci were observed in 27% of the total, and in 80% of them active demyelination was present. Inflammatory lesions in the meninges were present in 41% of the total and in 80% of these were accompanied by active demyelination. The duration of illness correlated with decreasing severity of active demyelination and of perivascular infiltration. Patients treated with cortico-steroids and/or immunosuppressive substances showed no or only moderate inflammatory lesions. The duration of illness in both these groups was significantly longer than the average of untreated patients. The significance of these pathological findings for the CSF cytology in multiple sclerosis is discussed.
J Neurol 1975 Dec 02
PMID:The significance of perivascular infiltrations in multiple sclerosis. 5 31

6 autopsy cases of primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis are presented as a distinct nosological entity with a variable clinical picture and morphology in 5 males and 1 female. The clinical course from onset of symptoms till death ran for only a few weeks in most cases. 2 infants showed brain tumor symptoms and signs. 2 patients of advanced age presented a polyradiculoneuritic syndrome and 2 young adults had spinal cord compression symptoms and a mixed clinical form. In almost all cases, clinical symptoms and signs were for most of the course confined to one part of the neuraxis. The CSF was distinctly abnormal in all cases, showing elevated protein, depressed glucose and pleocytosis of variable extent. CSF sediment was investigated in 3 cases in all of which malignant tumor cells were found so a diagnosis of malignant meningeal tumor was made during life. Electron microscopy of CSF cells in 1 case confirmed the primitive character of the tumor cells. Complete autopsies revealed absence of any neoplasm outside of the CNS. Gross meningeal involvement was visible in all cases. Histologically, 3 tumor types were distinguished: polymorphic cell sarcoma, an undifferentiated form, and fibrosarcomatosis. Clinical data are analyzed in order to distinguish the condition from other neoplasms or infectious, especially tuberculous meningeal infiltrations. CSF cytology studies are considered the most useful step in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathological features are reviewed with stress on differentiation from malignant lymphomas of the CNS, diffusely spreading medulloblastoma, meningeal melanoblastosis and gliomatosis. The origin of meningeal sarcomatosis cells is briefly discussed. The use of the term "meningeal meningiomatosis" for this condition is deprecated.
J Neurol 1975 Dec 02
PMID:Primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. Clinicopathological report of six cases. 5 34

The CSF proteins have previously been very little investigated in the cerebellar syndrome of chronic alcoholism and in essential tremor. Such studies have been carried out more thoroughly by electrophoretic methods in Parkinson's disease but generally with normal results. In the present investigation the CSF proteins were examined by isoelectric focusing and quantitative paper electrophoresis in 10 patients with the cerebellar syndrome of chronic alcoholsm, 12 patients with Parkinson's disease and 16 subjects with essential tremor. Abnormal CSF proteins of very similar appearance were found on isoelectric focusing in the acidic pH interval 5.6-5.8 in 80% of the patients with the cerebellar syndrome of chronic alcoholism. In Parkinson's disease the most common aberration was evidence of nonspecific blood-CSF-barrier damage which occurred in half of the patients. In only 17% of these cases did other alterations appear, situated in the pH range alkaline to pH 5.8. Abnormal CSF proteins were found in 94% of the patients with essential tremor. The aberrant proteins appeared in both the acidic and alkaline pH regions, most frequently with anisoelectric point at pH 5.9, 7.2 and 9.3. There was a considerably higher frequency of CSF protein abnormalities in different pH ranges in patients with tremor of more pronounced degree as compared to those with only mild symptoms. The electrophoretic examinations failed to show any conclusive alterations. Barrier-damage patterns of mild or moderate degree or slightly increased levels of CSF beta1-globulin were occasionally found in all 3 diseases. The results indicate that isoelectric focusing of the CSF proteins may be of diagnostic value in the cerebellar syndrome of chronic alcoholism and in essential tremor but does not reveal any characteristic abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.
J Neurol Sci 1976 Dec
PMID:Isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of the CSF proteins in tremor of different origins. 6 43

The combination of the high separation capacity of isoelectric focusing and the specificity of immunoelectrophoresis gives a valuable tool for protein studies. This technic can be applied to immunoglobulin examinations by using KOCN-treated antibodies isoelectric at pH 5 and performing the immunoelectrophoretic procedure at this pH. CSF and serum samples of patients exhibiting CSF immunoglobulin abnormalities and blood-CSF barrier damages were examined by this method.
J Neurol 1977 Dec 13
PMID:Crossed immunoelectrofocusing of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins. 7 56


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