Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:BIOD00035 (CSF)
 30,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The report pertains to some data on the cholinesterase activity in the blood serum and CSF of 62 patients with epilepsy, in correlation with different clinical characteristics (the severity of the disease, the character of the EEG, frequency of seizures, treatment efficacy, etc). In 86,8% of the cases there was a significant increase in the activity of serum cholinesterase. Increased cholinesterase activity correlated only with pronounced pathological changes in the EEG (reverse correlation) and the efficacy of treatment (direct correlation). After surgical treatment of 9 cases there was a drop in the cholinesterase activity of the blood serum and CSF, which correlated with an improvement in the general state of the patients. On the basis of personal experience, as well as literary data, it is assumed that an increase in the cholinesterase activity in epileptic patients is not related to the main etiological factors of this disease but is rather a secondary change, a peculiar "symptom" of the disease.
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PMID:[Role of the acetylcholine--cholinesterase system in the development of epilepsy]. 47 14

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in dog plasma is significantly higher than in either ventricular or cisternal CSF. However, since protein levels in plasma are about 100-fold higher than in CSF, the specific activity of AChE is lower in plasma than in CSF. Acetylcholinesterase activity in plasma represents only 22% of total cholinesterase (ChE) activity, while preliminary findings indicate that in ventricular CSF it is 50-60%. Acetylcholinesterase activity in ventricular CSF is significantly lower than in cisternal CSF. Chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg, intravenous), a drug which increases acetylcholine turnover, increased AChE-specific activity in all dogs. Our results support the hypothesis of a neuronal origin of AChE activity in CSF.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase activity in ventricular and cisternal CSF of dogs: effect of chlorpromazine. 73 56

Previous investigators have detected unknown oxidized forms of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Furthermore, an unidentified autoxidation product of this neurotransmitter is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme compromised in the Alzheimer brain. In this study it is demonstrated that the major product of autoxidation of 5-HT is 5,5'-dihydroxy-4,4'-bitryptamine (DHBT). Central administration of DHBT to mice at a dose of 40 micrograms (free base) evokes profound behavioral responses, which persist until the animals die (approximately 24 h). One hour after central administration of DHBT, the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT, and acetylcholine and their metabolites in whole brain are greatly elevated. Disturbances to the catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems were still evident shortly before the death of animals. DHBT is also shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of AChE in vitro. These observations suggest that if DHBT is formed as an aberrant metabolite of 5-HT in the human brain, it could potentially be neurotoxic and contribute to the neuronal degeneration and other neurochemical and neurobiochemical changes associated with AD or perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases.
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PMID:5,5'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-bitryptamine: a potentially aberrant, neurotoxic metabolite of serotonin. 135 95

We used the ELISA to measure the concentration of amyloid protein precursor with Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor domains (APPI) in CSF of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and examined the correlation of APPI with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and somatostatin (SRIF). We found the APPI concentration in CSF of DAT to be significantly elevated compared with that of multi-infarct dementia and controls. We could significantly correlate APPI with AChE, but not correlate APPI with SRIF. The present results suggest that measurement of CSF APPI levels may be useful for diagnosis of DAT and the change of APPI may closely be associated with abnormality of acetylcholine system in DAT that has been reported.
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PMID:Amyloid beta protein precursors with kunitz-type inhibitor domains and acetylcholinesterase in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. 137 55

We studied the effect of aging on EEG spectra recorded from T5-O1 (T6-O2) derivation. The aging series composed of 52 normal individuals aged 20 to 91 years. Seventy-nine per cent of visual and 81% of quantitative EEGs were considered normal. The absolute amplitude of delta and theta bands and absolute power of delta band were lower for the oldest group (aged 60 and over) than for the youngest group (aged 20-39 years). Age was inversely related to the amount of delta and theta indicating that the amount of slow activity in quantitative EEG does not increase with age in the context of good health status. Women had more beta activity compared with men. In addition, the amount of beta and alpha bands showed tendency for a reduction with age. Fifteen subjects aged 50 years or older participated in a 2-year follow-up including EEG and neuropsychological evaluation. Seven of them deteriorated in learning ability and showed increase in delta activity. In the oldest age group, delta amplitude was positively correlated with intrusion errors in the list learning test and inversely related to acetylcholinesterase activity of the CSF. Thus, a link between the cholinergic system, EEG slowing and memory problems in old age is suggested.
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PMID:Aging and spectral analysis of EEG in normal subjects: a link to memory and CSF AChE. 141 24

Solid-phase enzyme immunoassays (with high-turnover acetylcholinesterase as label) for human IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were applied to quantify the production of these factors by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Immunoreactive IL-1s exhibited a typical pattern in HUVECs, under either basal or stimulated conditions: the alpha form was predominant over the beta form and the cell-associated IL-1s measured were more abundant than the material recovered in the supernatants. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5-5 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the basal production of IL-1. Pulses of recombinant IL-1 alpha or -beta or of TNF-alpha followed by a 24 h culture period were also associated with an increased endothelial production of IL-1, with a higher proportion of material secreted in the supernatants as compared with LPS. Other cytokines applied as pulses failed to induce the IL-1s or to modify LPS-induced production of IL-1: they include IL-2, immune interferon, GM-CSF, TGF-beta and EGF. Pharmacological modulators of LPS-induced IL-1 production were identified: glucocorticoids were inhibitors whereas retinoic acid and 1.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 had no effects and prostaglandin E2 and IBMX were weak inhibitors. There is no evidence that IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are regulated differently in HUVECs, but several significant differences from the monocyte were observed in the regulation of HUVEC IL-1 production.
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PMID:Pharmacological modulation of interleukin 1 production by cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins. 169 6

We have devised a simultaneous assay system for megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) and megakaryocyte potentiator (Meg-Pot) by modifying a quantitative measuring technique for acetylcholinesterase activity (Ach-E) of megakaryocytes by automatic colorimetry using microplates. We cultured murine bone marrow cells treated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate in a serum-free system with serum-free pokeweek mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (PWM-SCM) and an unknown factor, preparing two microplates with the identical culture system. In the first plate, the total number of Ach-E-positive cells induced solely by the factor tested was indicative of Meg-CSF activity and additive increases in this parameter on simultaneous addition of PWM-SCM and the factor tested were indicative of early Meg-Pot activity. Total Ach-E activity (total change at optical density of 414 nm) per well was measured in the second plate to calculate total change at optical density of 414 nm per megakaryocyte, an indicator of late Meg-Pot activity. With this system, recombinant human erythropoietin showed both Meg-CSF and early and late Meg-Pot activities in in vitro megakaryopoiesis. Recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor possessed weak Meg-CSF and early Meg-Pot activity, whereas recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exhibited late Meg-Pot activity and thrombocytopenic serum exhibited early and late Meg-Pot activities. This assay system is useful in screening Meg-CSF or Meg-Pot activities in unknown factors.
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PMID:Simultaneous assay for megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and megakaryocyte potentiator and its application. 169 13

Chromogranin A (CgA) is co-released with catecholamines and peptides and has a wide distribution in the brain. Chromogranin A provides a measure of tonic arousal. CSF CgA-like immunoreactivity (CgA-LI) was studied in 42 drug-free male schizophrenic patients. 33 of these patients were first studied during chronic haloperidol maintenance treatment. Withdrawal from haloperidol maintenance treatment was associated with a significant increase in CSF CgA-LI, particularly in the patients who did not relapse. Contrary to expectation CSF CgA-LI was higher in drug-free patients who slept longer the night before the lumbar puncture. Significant relationships were observed between CSF CgA-LI and CSF homovanillic acid, acetylcholinesterase, neuropeptide Y-LI and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid, but not with CSF norepinephrine or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. Ventricular brain ratios correlated negatively with CSF CgA-LI levels.
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PMID:CSF chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity in schizophrenia. Assessment of clinical and biochemical relationships. 172 93

Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase (CSF AChE) was determined for elderly delirious patients during the acute stage and after a 1-year followup, and the AChE levels were compared with those of age-equivalent controls. At the acute phase, the AChE levels of the delirious patients were in the same range as those of the control group, but during the followup, a slight declining trend was observed. These results do not unambiguously support the previously suggested role of cholinergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of acute delirium, although the augmented striatal release of AChE in hyperkinetic and mixed delirium may mask the involvement of cholinergic neurons.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase in delirium: changes at the acute stage and at one-year followup. 175 28

Serum albumin, cholinesterase, and cholesterol were measured in ten patients with aplastic anemia and eight with myelodysplastic syndrome who received the administration of recombinant human GM-CSF. Serum albumin, cholinesterase, and cholesterol were significantly lowered by the administration of GM-CSF and recovered after the cessation of GM-CSF. These data suggest that GM-CSF impairs the biosynthesis of liver cells and that cholesterol-lowering activity of GM-CSF, which is previously reported, is due to the impairment of liver biosynthesis by GM-CSF.
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PMID:GM-CSF-mediated impairment of liver to synthesize albumin, cholinesterase, and cholesterol. 199 59


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