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DDT residues in soil and earthworms from 50 sites in Delhi were monitored. DDT was detected in all but two samples each of soil and earthworms. Among DDT residues, p,p'-DDE was most common and was found in 48 samples each of soil and earthworms; p,p'-DDT was detected in only 43 soil samples and 46 earthworm samples. p,p'-TDE and o,p'-DDT were also present in smaller concentrations in 29 and 15 soil samples and in 43 and 25 earthworm samples, respectively. Maximum total DDT concentration of 2.6 ppm was detected in the soil from Durga Nagar in the vicinity of a DDT factory. The highest concentration of 37.7 ppm total DDT in earthworms was also obtained from the same site. The maximum concentration factor found in the earthworms was 551. The total DDT concentration in the earthworms and soil showed significant correlation.
Pestic Monit J 1981 Sep
PMID:Organochlorine insecticide residues in soil and earthworms in the Delhi area, India, August--October, 1974. 731 54

The noise status of growing urban centres of the country are very much required to develop acoustic design and planning guidelines for various land use classification. An attempt in this direction has been made by measuring noise equivalent levels for cities like Delhi, Jamshedpur, Dehradun and Nagpur. The choice of Ldn (Day-Night noise level) which is a better descriptor of noise quality provides an interesting status of noise in these urban centres. It has been observed that maximum percentage of areas in Delhi and Jamshedpur fall under moderately severe to very severe noisy conditions as compared to Dehradun and Nagpur on the noise rating scale. Ways and means are also considered for mitigation of noise.
Environ Monit Assess 2001 Mar
PMID:Urban noise--a need for acoustic planning. 1133 48

Precipitation samples were collected as wet-fall only and primarily on event basis in Delhi during the monsoon period of 1995. Concentrations of major anions (SO4(2-), NO3- and Cl-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) were determined. The pH of the rain water was found to be more than 5.6, showing alkalinity during the early phase of monsoon, but during the late phase of monsoon pH tendency was towards acidity due to lack of proper neutralization of acidic ions. Neutralization is not only due to the local process but also due to the pre-monsoon 'Andhi' which brings Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ as well as the local emission of NH3. In the late monsoon the concentration of cations gets reduced because of heavy rainfall and relatively unfavourable condition for their transport from the adjoining areas, whereas the anion concentrations remain unchanged owing to their continuous emission.
Environ Monit Assess 2001 Oct
PMID:Occurrence of acid rain over Delhi. 1168 98

Sulfate aerosols have been found to be the major contributors to precipitation acidity. Thus, in view of the long-term ecological repercussions they have on aquatic ecosystems and their acidity-potential, the present analysis focuses on a case study application of the layer-averaged aerosol-scavenging model (Okita et al., 1996) for predicting values of the wet scavenging coefficient and sulfate concentrations in precipitation samples on the basis of the information available for some selected Indian cities. Through sensitivity analysis (Pandey et al., 1997) the scavenging coefficient has been found to be very strongly dependent on precipitation intensity. Comparison of model predictions has been done with the measured values for Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai in India.
Environ Monit Assess 2002 Mar
PMID:Aerosol scavenging: model application and sensitivity analysis in the Indian context. 1187 38

A multiresidue method was developed for the estimation of 15 organochlorine pesticides in water. 50 samples of drinking water supplied by the Municipal Corporation to the residential areas of Delhi and 20 ground water samples from nearby villages used for irrigation were monitored for the presence of organochlorine insecticides by the method developed. Although, organochlorine pesticides were detected in the ground water and irrigation water samples, the levels of pesticides were below the Maximum Contaminant Level as prescribed by WHO. No organochlorine insecticides were detected in any of the drinking water samples.
Environ Monit Assess 2002 Jun
PMID:Organochlorine insecticide residues in drinking and ground water in and around Delhi. 1210 91

A survey was conducted in asymptomatic aged individuals (> or = 60 years) in The National Capital Territory of Delhi for the prevalence of major health problems like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and respiratory diseases. A total of 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) were studied over a period of three months in 1998-99. Hypertension was defined as BP > or = 140/90 mmHg (JNC VI criteria), while diabetes mellitus was diagnosed if fasting whole blood sugar was 120 mg/dl or more (WHO criteria). Diagnosis of other health problems was based on relevant history and physical examination. Prevalence of hypertension in the study group was 32.5 per cent (more in males). Of these 18 per cent and 4.2 per cent had isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the same population was 13.0 per cent. Both diseases were more prevalent in urban population. A high prevalence of respiratory disorders was observed (pulmonary tuberculosis 16 per cent, COPD 10 per cent, asthma 4.5 per cent). Cataract was present in 7.5 per cent while 1.5 per cent had symptoms of urinary tract infection. History of Jaundice was present in 3.5 per cent. Three per cent each had a history suggestive of IHD and TIA, respectively. Proteinuria and glycosuria was seen in 22.2 and 7.6 percent, respectively. A large percentage of the study group (34.4 per cent) had asymptomatic ECG abnormalities.
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PMID:A study of prevalence of health problems in asymptomatic elderly individuals in Delhi. 1224 Aug 44

Various physico-chemical characteristics of the River Yamuna flowing in Haryana through Delhi were studied in the summer (April 1998) and winter (Jan.-Feb. 1999). Ecological parameters like dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO4(2-)), and phosphate (PO4(3-)), were analyzed and compared with standard permissible limits to assess the best-designated use of the river water for various purposes. The river in Delhi upstream was of better quality whereas the Delhi downstream stretch was polluted as indicated by very low DO and high total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), total hardness, Na+, K+, Cl-, F- and SO4(2-). The differences in various parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.01) when compared for the Delhi upstream and downstream stretches of the river, particularly in summer. DO and TDS were found to be two important parameters, which showed strong correlation with several other parameters and hence can serve as good indices of river water quality. The river tended to recover from the pollution stress after flowing through a distance of about 80 km downstream of Delhi.
J Environ Monit 2003 Jun
PMID:Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of River Yamuna in Haryana and its ecological best-designated use. 1283 85

The purpose of this study was to study the spatial patterns of ambient air quality in Delhi in the absence of extensive datasets needed for space-time modeling. A spatial classification was attempted on the basis of ambient air quality data of nine years (1998 is latest year for which published data were available) for three criteria pollutants--nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and suspended particulate matter. Monitoring stations take 24-hour samples twice a week. Published monthly average concentration data were used in this study. A hierarchical agglomerative algorithm using the average linkage between groups method and the Euclidean distance metric was used. Cluster analysis indicated that till 1998, by and large, two distinct classes existed. The results of cluster analysis prompted an investigation of systematic biases in the monitored data. No statistically significant differences in the mean concentration of all pollutants were observed between stations belonging to different land-use types (residential and industrial). This fact would be useful, if and when the authorities consider modifying the network or expanding it in Delhi. The results also support the recommendation that Delhi have a uniform standard across all areas. This study has provided a methodology for Indian researchers and practitioners to do an exploratory study of spatial patterns of air pollution and data quality issues in Indian cities using the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System data.
J Environ Monit 2003 Jun
PMID:Cluster analysis of Delhi's ambient air quality data. 1283 94

Field experiments were carried out during 1996-97 at Gulawathi, Muthiani and Salarpur Villages, IARI Farm, New Delhi and NCPP Campus, Dadri to evaluate changes in soil characteristics and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), lentil (Lence esculenta Moench.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) by varying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha(-1)) in soils at sowing/transplanting time of crops. Flyash addition in areas adjoining NCPP Thermal Power Plant, Dadri, Ghaziabad, U.P. ranged from 5-12 t ha(-1)] yr(-1) in 1995-96. Shoot and root growth and yield of test crops at different locations after flyash incorporation resulted in beneficial effects of flyash addition in most cases. The silt dominant texture of flyash improved loamy sand to sandy loam textures of the surface soils at the farmers' fields. The increased growth in yield of crops with flyash incorporation was possibly due to modifications in soil moisture retention and transmission characteristics, bulk density, physico-chemical characters such as pH and EC and organic carbon content. The response of flyash addition in the soil on soil health and crop productivity needs to be evaluated on long-term sustainable aspects.
Environ Monit Assess 2003 Sep
PMID:Soil properties and crop productivity as influenced by flyash incorporation in soil. 1288 38

Spatial patterns of various criteria air pollutants, like SO2, NO2, O3, and TSP were studied at Shahdara National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring station in Delhi (India) in July 1999. The minimum pollutant concentrations were observed during morning hours, whereas the highest concentrations were found during the late night hours, which seem to be related with the vehicular emission. Pre-monsoon daily ambient air quality spatial pattern was compared with the spatial pattern during initial and subsequent rain shower of monsoon. These spatial patterns were found to be essentially the same before and during rain, however a significant decrease in SO2, NO2 and TSP concentrations (40-45%) was observed after initial and subsequent rains of the monsoon, demonstrating the importance of rainfall in the scavenging of these criteria air pollutants.
Environ Monit Assess 2003 Sep
PMID:Variation in spatial pattern of criteria air pollutants before and during initial rain of monsoon. 1294 61


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