Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00528 (Monit)
 35,110 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The standard MDO multiwire surface oxygen electrode was redesigned to enable measurements across transition zones between normal and, e.g., ischemic tissues. The eight measuring points were arranged in an array 2.2 mm long. This array multiwire electrode (AME) has been tested and showed the same electrochemical properties as the standard MDO electrode. The resolving power was tested and an individual measuring point was affected by a change in surrounding pO2 if it occurred within a distance of 20 microns. In experiments in the pig heart subjected to local ischemia it was found that both ischemic and normal tissue oxygen pressure were registered simultaneously by the AME.
Int J Clin Monit Comput 1985
PMID:A multiwire surface oxygen pressure electrode for measurement across zones of normal and damaged tissue. 383 20

An intraoperative evaluation was made of the electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) functions of the Anesthesia and Brain activity Monitor (ABM). This device derives both these measures from a single electrode pair that is typically placed on the mid-forehead and mastoid process. The evaluation consisted of 1) quantifying the zero-crossing frequency (ZXF) of the EEG and mean integrated voltage of both measures (MIVEEG and MIVEMG) that occurred during induction and emergence from general anesthesia in 17 patients and 2) case reports sampled from an additional 41 patients. Alone or combined, variations in these parameters did not consistently accompany changes in the depth or adequacy of anesthesia as determined by standard clinical signs (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, movement). Interpatient variability in the EEG measures during recovery from anesthesia was so large that neither the absolute value of ZXF nor that of MIVEEG could discriminate between moderate (i.e., maintenance) and light (i.e., emergence) anesthesia. Although MIVEMG uniformly decreased in anesthetized, unparalyzed patients (compared to the pre-operative awake state), noticeable increases during recovery often did not occur until limb movement was observed. Additionally, the common use of neuromuscular blockers made interpretation of low MIVEMG values quite difficult during anesthesia maintenance. However, selected individual case reports illustrated the potential benefit of routine intraoperative, microprocessor-based EEG/EMG monitoring. The single channel EEG/EMG display of the ABM seems sufficient to warn the anesthesiologist of pathologic decreases in cerebral electrical activity. Marked depression of cerebral function is associated with accidental anesthetic overdose, hypoxia or global ischemia. Additionally, the device should be useful for monitoring burst-suppression or isoelectric EEG patterns intentionally produced during barbiturate or isoflurane coma for cerebral protection.
Int J Clin Monit Comput 1985
PMID:Computerized monitoring of the EMG and EEG during anesthesia. An evaluation of the anesthesia and brain activity monitor (ABM). 383 84

17 parameters of vital activity (VA) were scanned in 35 female and 12 male dependent geriatric patients (mean age 81). These included mental testing, Barthel score, lung function, urinanalysis, creatinine clearance, Hb, albumin, globulin and electrolytes, skin-folds, locomotion, presence of IHD, hemodynamic state, continence, infections, WBC and lymphocyte count, pressure sores and dysphagia, 4 main templates of VA deterioration identified were: IHD, hemisyndrome (due to CVA), vegetative state (post-CVA) and senile dementia (SDAT). The IHD template was characterized by marked variations in VA, ending in death due to cardiac complications (pulmonary edema, ischemia, etc.). In the 3 other templates VA gradually deteriorated. Gradual declining VA allowed assessment of individual mortality prognosis. Assessment was by approximation of the computed exponent of the extrapolated VA curves; the longer the observation, the fewer the mistakes in assessment. Epidemiologic prognosis data of 48 dependent patients is described; mean age was about 81 years. Hospitalization mean was 853.5 +/- 601 days and for patients with dementia, 1158.6 +/- 622.7 days.
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PMID:[Assessment of vital activity in geriatric patients]. 781 43

The potential usefulness of somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during aortic cross-clamping is slowly being realized. In addition, the protection of endangered spinal nervous tissue during aortic cross-clamping has not been sufficiently evaluated. To test the pharmacologic protective efficacy of various agents, we recorded spinal evoked somatosensory potentials (bipolar epidural catheter) in dogs under controlled conditions (N2O/O2-enflurane anesthesia) following clamping of the aorta for 1 hour. There were 5 groups of animals: those treated with different medications, such as prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostacyclin (PGI2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and PGE1 plus SOD for pharmacologic protection during ischemia, and the controls. The time to recovery of evoked potentials during the reperfusion period was 36 minutes in the controls, 15.9 minutes in the SOD group (p < 0.01), 12.5 minutes in the PGE1 group (p < 0.001), 10.8 minutes in the PGI2 group (p < 0.001), and 3.8 minutes in the combination group (p < 0.001). In addition, treatment resulted in a better neurologic outcome on the seventh postoperative day when compared with the control group. While in the control group only 1 animal could walk (9%), 7 of 12 in the PGE1 group (58%), 4 of 12 in the SOD group (33.8%), 8 of 12 in the PGI2 group (66.7%), and all animals in the combination group (100%) could walk. We computed an exponential correlation that related the mean time of potential recovery during reperfusion with Tarlov scoring (grade 0 = paraplegia; grade 1 = paraplegia with little movements; grade 2 = paraparesis; grade 3 = paraparesis with some problems; grade 4 = normal motor function) in the various groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Clin Monit 1993 Jul
PMID:Somatosensory evoked potential, a prognostic tool for the recovery of motor function following malperfusion of the spinal cord: studies in dogs. 834 72

The modern development of vascular surgery has a real possibility to reduce lethality and the amount of amputations in patients with embolism of the aorta and major arteries of the extremities. An analysis of treatment of 2042 patients during the recent 28 years has shown that the embolism is observed in 62,3% of patients with IHD and its complications, and in 34,5% in rheumatism patients, the arterial impassability prevailing in the abdominal aorta basin and lower extremity arteries (67,5%). Surgical procedures were used in 86,6% with the restoration of the main or collateral blood flow in 91,2% of the patients operated upon. Irreversible ischemia of the extremity was diagnosed in 89 patients at admission to the hospital. For prophylactics of rethromboses and infection, nonmedicamentous methods of treatment played an important role and the amount of rethromboses was reduced to 5,5% and suppuration of the wound to 6,2% which resulted in low percentage of amputations (5,8%).
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PMID:[Our experience in treating patients with embolisms of the aorta and major arteries of the extremities (on the centenary of the first embolectomy)]. 875 50

The lidocaine-monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test is used to monitor liver function in liver transplant recipients. Serial studies have been undertaken after 155 allografts. The initial MEGX concentration is significantly correlated with the donor MEGX concentration. It is also influenced by the recipient's pretransplant bilirubin concentration, being lowest among patients with very high bilirubin levels. Use of segmental grafts is also accompanied by low MEGX concentrations. The flow-dependent clearance of lidocaine makes it a sensitive indicator of disturbed liver blood flow, with decreased MEGX concentrations occurring in hepatic artery thrombosis and rejection and as a result of cardiac failure and pulmonary effusions. Significant hepatic ischemia resulting in delayed initial function or cholestasis also is associated with low MEGX concentrations. The initial median MEGX concentrations were lowest among patients who required retransplantation or who died within 2 months of allografting.
Ther Drug Monit 1996 Aug
PMID:The use of the lidocaine-monoethylglycinexylidide test in the liver transplant recipient. 885 55

Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are pivotal in the transfer, storage and utilization of energy; Mg2+ regulates and catalyzes some 300-odd enzyme systems in mammals. The intracellular level of free Mg2+ ([Mg2+]i) regulates intermediary metabolism, DNA and RNA synthesis and structure, cell growth, reproduction, and membrane structure. Mg2+ has numerous physiological roles among which are control of neuronal activity, cardiac excitability, neuromuscular transmission, muscular contraction, vasomotor tone, blood pressure and peripheral blood flow. Mg2+ modulates and controls cell Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticular membranes. Since the turn of this century, there has been a steady and progressive decline of dietary Mg intake to where much of the Western World population is ingesting less than an optimum RDA. Geographic regions low in soil and water Mg demonstrate increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dietary deficiency of Mg2+ results in loss of cellular K+ and gain of cellular Na+ and calcium ions (Ca2+). Blood normally contains Mg2+ bound to proteins, Mg2+ complexed to small anion ligands and free ionized Mg2+ (IMg2+). Most clinical laboratories only now assess the total Mg, which consists of all three Mg fractions. Estimation of the IMg2+ level in serum or plasma by analysis of ultrafiltrates (complexed Mg + IMg2+) is somewhat unsatisfactory, as the methods employed do not distinguish the truly ionized form from Mg2+ bound to organic and inorganic anions. Because the levels of these ligands can vary significantly in numerous pathological states, it is desirable to directly measure the levels of IMg2+ in complex matrices such as whole blood, plasma and serum. Using novel ion selective electrodes (ISE's), we have found that there is virtually no difference in IMg2+, irrespective of whether one samples whole blood, plasma or serum. These data demonstrate that the mean concentration of IMg2+ in blood is about 600 mumoles/litre (0.54-0.65 mmol/L, 95% Cl); 65-72% of total Mg being free or biologically-active Mg2+. Use of the NOVA and KONE ISE's for IMg2+ on plasma and sera from patients with a variety of pathophysiologic and disease syndromes (e.g., long-term renal transplants, liver transplants, during and before cardiac surgery, ischemic heart disease [IHD], headaches, pregnancy, neonatal period, non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), end-stage renal disease [ESRD], hemodialyse [HEM], and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), hypertension, myocardial infarction [AMI] and after excessive dietary intake of Mg), has revealed interesting data. The results indicate that long-term renal transplant patients, headache, pregnant, NIDDM, ESRD, HEM, CAPD, AMI, hypertensive, and IHD subjects exhibit, on the average significant depression in IMg2+ but not TMg. Use of 31P-NMR spectroscopy on red blood cells, from several of these disease states, to assess free intracellular Mg ([Mg2+]i demonstrates a high correlation (r = 0.5-0.8) between IMg2+ and [Mg2+]i. Increased dietary load of Mg, for only 6 days, in human volunteers, resulted in significant elevations in serum IMg2+ but not TMg. Correlations between the clinical course of several of the above disease syndromes and the fall in IMg2+ and [Mg2+]i were found. The ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio appears, from our data, to be an important guide for signs of peripheral vasoconstriction, ischemia or spasm and possibly atherogenesis. Overall, our data point to important uses for ISE's for IMg2+ in the diagnosis and treatment of disease states.
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PMID:Role of magnesium in patho-physiological processes and the clinical utility of magnesium ion selective electrodes. 886 38

70 IHD patients underwent ambulatory Holter ECG monitoring two times. Out of 357 episodes of transitory ischemia registered in the course of exercise and presenting primarily as ST depression the proportion of silent episodes reached 75.6%. The number of episodes, their duration and mean value of ST depression were significantly greater in subjects 1 year after myocardial infarction. These patients more frequently developed ventricular arrhythmia and had ejection fraction below 50%. The findings evidence a significant clinical value of silent myocardial ischemia. It may serve a predictor of repeated acute coronary accidents in postmyocardial infarction patients.
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PMID:[Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with different clinical forms of IHD]. 900 11

Recent recommendations by expert bodies for reducing cardiovascular risk factors have included accumulation of 30 min/day of moderate activity in an intermittent fashion. There is little support for this recommendation for blood pressure reduction, the most effective, proven exercise regimens being of moderate intensity, performed three or four times per week for durations of not less than 30 min. Although cycling and jogging have proven efficacious in blood pressure reduction, walking provides less benefit but might be preferable for older individuals, and for those with orthopedic and cardiac limitations. There are preliminary indications that moderate swimming programs reduce the systolic blood pressure. Benefit in reducing other risk factors including the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, body composition and weight, neurohumoral factors and cardiac structure and functioning has also been shown to occur with continuous bouts of exercise. Vascular adaptation represents a particular mechanism of benefit. Aerobic training increases the large-artery compliance, contributing to a reduction in systolic blood pressure and an attenuation of the cardiac afterload. The release of endothelially derived nitric oxide increases with regular exercise and might modulate changes in arterial compliance to some extent. Moderate cycling for 4 weeks increased basal nitric oxide production in previously sedentary normal and hypercholesterolemic individuals. Highly trained athletes had increased forearm endothelium-dependent vasodilator reserve. This effect, if it is translatable to the coronary circulation, might provide protection against ischemia. The efficacy with which an increase in physical activity can impact on cardiovascular risk factors will depend largely on adherence to exercise programs. Adherence could improve with lower intensity, intermittent programs. Further study in this area is warranted in order to determine the impact of such interventions on risk factors and vascular changes.
Blood Press Monit 1997 Jun
PMID:The exercise prescription: focus on vascular mechanisms. 1023 7

We tried to evaluate myocardial ischemia in a patient who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting by the measurement of tangential magnetocardiogram. For the visualization of ischemia, we introduced isointegral maps during depolarization and repolarization reconstructed from tangential magnetography. We found different patterns in isointegral maps of the IHD patient compared with those in normal subjects. Post operative isointegral maps showed recovery from ischemia as increase of current volume.
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PMID:[The evaluation of ischemia by the tangential magnetocardiogram in a patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting]. 1040 80


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