Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00281 (Moxifloxacin)
 465 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of moxifloxacin are reviewed. Moxifloxacin is an oral 8-methoxyquinolone antimicrobial approved in December 1999 for use in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. This fluoroquinolone is active against common community-acquired respiratory pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis), atypical pathogens, and many anaerobes. Moxifloxacin has an absolute bioavailability of 90% after oral administration and a mean elimination half-life of 12 hours. The drug is not a substrate or inhibitor of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme system thereby avoiding many potential drug interactions. Moxifloxacin has limited phototoxic potential. In clinical trials, moxifloxacin had clinical success rates of 88-97% and bacteriologic eradication rates of 90-97%. Reported adverse effects were primarily gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea) and were mild to moderate in severity. Moxifloxacin prolongs the QT interval by a mean + S.D. of 6 +/- 26 milliseconds above baseline and should be used with caution in patients with proarrhythmic conditions and avoided in patients receiving antiarrhythmia agents, such as quinidine, procainamide, amiodarone, and sotalol. The standard oral dosage is 400 mg once a day. Dosage adjustment is unnecessary in patients with renal dysfunction or mild to moderate hepatic dysfunction. Moxifloxacin is a safe and effective antimicrobial that will be useful for treating acute sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia.
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PMID:Moxifloxacin: clinical efficacy and safety. 1125 73

The common respiratory tract infections of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia are responsible for millions of physician office visits every year. Despite advances in diagnostic testing and the development of new antimicrobial agents, these infections continue to contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physicians are faced with multiple challenges in the management of patients with these diseases. These challenges include the selection of appropriate empiric therapy, the increasing emergence of resistant pathogens, patient noncompliance with therapeutic regimens, and the pressure to use cost-effective agents. Patients expect their antibiotics to work rapidly so that they can feel better quickly and return swiftly to their normal activities. Moxifloxacin has been developed to address many of these problems. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in an extensive clinical trial program the results of which are summarized below. The excellent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin are covered elsewhere in this supplement, as is moxifloxacin's impressive safety and tolerability profile. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the clinical trial data currently available.
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PMID:Improving care for patients with respiratory tract infections. 1200 37

(1) Moxifloxacin is the fourth fluoroquinolone to be licensed in France with indications covering ENT and respiratory tract infections. (2) In community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial sinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, moxifloxacin seems no more effective than other fluoroquinolones available in France (with which it has not been compared) or the other antibiotics with which it has been compared. (3) Moxifloxacin has the usual adverse effects of fluoroquinolones, but carries a greater risk of QT prolongation than ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin.
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PMID:Moxifloxacin: new preparation. A me-too with more cardiac risks. 1246 94

Moxifloxacin (Avelox) is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial with a methoxy group in the C-8 position and a bulky C-7 side chain. Moxifloxacin is approved for use in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute bacterial sinusitis and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (approved indications may differ between countries). Moxifloxacin has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. It achieves good tissue penetration and has a convenient once-daily administration schedule, as well as being available in both intravenous and oral formulations in some markets. Moxifloxacin has good efficacy in the treatment of patients with AECB, CAP, acute bacterial sinusitis and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and is generally well tolerated. Thus, moxifloxacin is an important option in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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PMID:Moxifloxacin: a review of its use in the management of bacterial infections. 1545 31

Moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone with potent activity against respiratory pathogens, is approved and considered as an alternative to beta-lactams and macrolides for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and lower respiratory tract infections. In this review, we critically examine its safety profile in comparison with other fluoroquinolones and other antibacterial classes sharing similar indications. Data were extracted from published clinical trials, meta-analyses, postmarketing studies, spontaneous report systems and case reports for rare effects. Global analysis did not reveal significantly higher incidences of drug-related adverse effects than for comparators. Tendon rupture was infrequent with moxifloxacin, including when used in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Severe toxic cutaneous reactions and allergies were very rare. Phototoxicity and CNS adverse effects were less common than with other fluoroquinolones. Although causing a 4-7 msec corrected QT interval prolongation, severe cardiac toxicity was neither seen in large cohorts or clinical trials nor reported to pharmacovigilance systems. Hepatotoxicity was not different from what was observed for other fluoroquinolones (excluding trovafloxacin) and less frequent than reported for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or telithromycin. The data show that using moxifloxacin, in its accepted indications and following the corresponding guidelines, should not be associated with an excessive incidence of drug-related adverse reactions, provided the clinician takes care in identifying patients with known risk factors and pays due attention to the contraindications and warnings mentioned in the labelling.
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PMID:Safety profile of the respiratory fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin: comparison with other fluoroquinolones and other antibacterial classes. 1941 32

Moxifloxacin is a newer-generation synthetic fluoroquinolone that is used for treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections and skin/skin structure infections. We describe a case of fatal hepatotoxicity caused by Moxifloxacin in a 72-year-old man. He presented with jaundice and epigastric tenderness that started one week after being treated for acute exacerbation of his chronic bronchitis with Moxifloxacin by his primary care physician. He was admitted to intensive care unit for close monitoring. His labs showed marked elevation in liver enzymes and bilirubin. His condition continued to deteriorate in intensive care unit despite supportive care. Acute hepatic failure which resulted in his death was attributed to idiosyncratic reaction to Moxifloxacin.
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PMID:Moxifloxacin induced fatal hepatotoxicity in a 72-year-old man: a case report. 1983 46

Moxifloxacin has a broad spectrum of activity, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, atypical respiratory pathogens, anaerobes and penicillin- and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. It achieves good tissue penetration and high concentrations in clinically relevant tissues and fluids. It is available in both an oral and intravenous formulation, has a once-daily administration and a good tolerance and safety profile. Moxifloxacin is used mainly for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial sinusitis, complicated skin and skin-structure infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections, as well as pulmonary TB, although it is not approved in this indication. The most recent studies covering these clinical indications are discussed.
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PMID:Moxifloxacin: update and perspectives after 8 years of usage. 2047 8

Moxifloxacin is widely recognized for the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract such as community acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial sinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. However, the use of moxifloxacin for skin infections is much valued in recent years. This study is to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin monotherapy among adults with skin and skin structure infections. The meta-analysis of RCTs is conducted by searching Medline, Embase, Pubmed and the Cochrane Library. 6 RCTs, involving a total of 2608 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. English and Chinese language papers were reviewed. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the moxifloxacin monotherapy has similar clinical cure rate, bacteriological success rates and mortality compared with the control group. The drug-related adverse of moxifloxacin was significantly higher than that in the control group, although the overall incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, and serious drug-related adverse events were similar between the compared treatment groups. Through this meta-analysis, we can draw a conclusion that moxifloxacin monotherapy has similar effectiveness and relative safety as other recommended antibiotics for the treatment of SSSIs. At the same time, it possesses the superior bacteria eradication rate. The once-daily dosing of moxifloxacin monotherapy may be a useful alternative for other recommended antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:A Meta-analysis of Sequential Intravenous/Oral Moxifloxacin Monotherapy for Treatment of Skin and Skin Structure Infections. 2607 15

The common respiratory tract infections of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia are responsible for millions of physician office visits every year. Despite advances in diagnostic testing and the development of new antimicrobial agents, these infections continue to contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physicians are faced with multiple challenges in the management of patients with these diseases. These challenges include the selection of appropriate empiric therapy, the increasing emergence of resistant pathogens, patient noncompliance with therapeutic regimens, and the pressure to use costeffective agents. Patients expect their antibiotics to work rapidly so that they can feel better quickly and return swiftly to their normal activities. Moxifloxacin has been developed to address many of these problems. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in an extensive clinical trial program the results of which are summarized below. The excellent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin are covered elsewhere in this supplement, as is moxifloxacin's impressive safety and tolerability profile. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the clinical trial data currently available.
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PMID:Per Migliorare la Guarigione di Pazienti Affetti da Infezione del Tratto Respiratorio. 2764 97