Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00216 (ABC)
 8,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of neuropeptide nerves and inflammatory leukocytes in PVG rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerves and inflammatory leukocytes were studied, using peroxidase (ABC) and/or alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) staining. Inflamed synovial tissue proper was infiltrated with neutrophils, ED1 macrophages and focal accumulations of CD2 T lymphocytes. In such tissue, the relationship between peptide-immunoreactive nerves and inflammatory cells was such that substance P and CGRP nerves were absent in heavily infiltrated villous synovial tissue, whereas healthy synovial tissue and non-inflammatory areas in adjuvant arthritic rats were innervated by substance P and CGRP nerves close to normal synovial tissue resident cells. In order to elucidate an eventual mechanism for lost immunoreactivity, healthy synovial tissue was exposed to chymotrypsin or oxygen derived free radicals (ODFR) in vitro. The former treatment caused total loss of immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that neuropeptides and neuropeptide containing nerves may be destroyed by locally produced proteolytic enzymes and various reactive oxygen species in the vicinity of inflammatory cells.
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PMID:Relationship between neuropeptide immunoreactive nerves and inflammatory cells in adjuvant arthritic rats. 137 4

In order to develop a more objective method of evaluating the origin of adenolymphoma, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression of cytokeratins, vimentin, S-100 protein, and alpha-smooth-muscle actin using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method in ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 8 adenolymphomas. Several kinds of monoclonal antibodies which react monospecifically with each subclass of cytokeratins were used. Results were compared with specimens of 8 normal parotid glands by radical neck dissection in patients with other diseases who had not undergone radiotherapy. In the adenolymphoma specimens, basal cells were strongly positive for CK-6, but reactivity of columnar cells was apparently reduced. In contrast, columnar cells were strongly positive for CK-7, but reactivity of basal cells was reduced. In normal parotid gland specimens, CK-7 was also detected in all columnar cells in the ductal system, although some duct cells around the columnar cells, which showed strong CK-6 expression, showed poor CK-7 expression. alpha-smooth-muscle actin was present in myoepithelial cells in normal parotid gland specimens, but not in basal cells of adenolymphoma or of the normal ductal system, which were CK-6-positive. As these characteristic findings were consistently observed in all specimens, the demonstration of CK-6, CK-7, and alpha-smooth-muscle actin may be useful in the recognition and classification of columnar and basal cells. CK-8 was present in both columnar and basal cells of adenolymphoma and of the normal duct, but in the normal parotid gland, acinus cells were also strongly positive for CK-8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunohistological investigation of epithelial components of adenolymphoma of the parotid gland]. 137 56

The c-kit proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor and is shown to be allelic with the white-spotting locus (W) of the mouse. In order to elucidate the role of c-kit protein during placental development, we have examined the expression of c-kit protein in the uterus and placenta of mice at pre- and post-implantation stages by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method using rat anti-mouse c-kit monoclonal antibody. At Days 3 and 5 of pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy, c-kit protein was detected in the glandular epithelium, but little expression was observed in the luminal epithelium. At Day 7 of pregnancy, expression was detected in the stromal cells around the uterine crypts of the mesometrial portion, but not in the vigorously proliferating decidual cells around the developing embryo. At Days 9 and 10 of pregnancy, the decidua basalis facing invading trophoblasts gradually expressed c-kit protein. In the mature placenta, c-kit protein was detected in the labyrinthine and decidual layers, but in neither the giant trophoblastic nor the spongiotrophoblastic layer. By Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), c-kit mRNA was detected at the stages of periimplantation and placental development. These results suggested that the c-kit protein might be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of placenta.
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PMID:Expression of c-kit protein during placental development. 138 31

Expression of ras cellular oncogenes during the early postimplantation period in the rat was investigated using immunohistochemistry to p21ras. A broad spectrum polyclonal antibody recognizing N-, Ha- and Ki- forms of p21ras was used in an indirect avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) technique. Positive staining indicating the presence of p21ras was found in embryos from 6.5 to 12 days embryonic age. In early egg cylinders (6.5 days), positive staining for p21ras was observed on the ectoplacental cone, primitive ectoderm and trophectoderm, while primitive endoderm and parietal endoderm appeared paler. In later egg cylinder stages (7.5 days), strong positive staining was observed in the primitive embryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone, but parietal and visceral endoderm still appeared to be devoid of positive staining. As development proceeded during primitive streak stages, the visceral and parietal endoderm became positively stained. By 10 days, all tissues appeared to be positive for p21ras, with strong staining appearing in the heart and neural elements. Therefore, p21ras does not appear to be ubiquitous in the rat conceptus prior to gastrulation, but shows differential distribution, appearing later in endodermal derivatives. Possibly p21ras is involved in determination of the ectodermal and endodermal lineages.
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PMID:Distribution of p21ras in postimplantation rat embryos. 144 70

Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular-metal binding protein with multiple biological functions. Recently, MT has been implicated as a factor involved in resistance to anticancer drugs, which presumably inactivates anticancer drugs, including cisplatin, and doxorubicin. In this report, we investigated the relationship of MT expression with the clinical features in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In 35 cases of bladder cancer, 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 3 cases of normal mucosa of bladder, the expression of MT was immunohistologically examined by avidinebiotin-peroxidase (ABC) staining of paraffin-embedded tissue specimens with anti-MT antibody. Intense MT expression was noted in all cases of normal mucosa of bladder. MT was detected in 10 of 35 cases of bladder cancer, with the incidence of MT expression being significantly higher increases with lower pathological tumor grade. MT was detected in 8 of 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma, and all of the their normal renal tubules showed more intense staining. A number of hypotheses can be proposed from these observations. First, our observation of decreased MT expression in poorly differentiated carcinomas, which are the more proliferating tumors, this suggests correlation of MT expression with proliferative status of cancer. Second, the higher incidence of MT expression in renal cell carcinoma than in bladder cancer may suggest that it is a factor responsible for the lower efficacy of chemo-therapy in renal cell carcinoma than in bladder cancer.
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PMID:[Histopathological study of metallothionein in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma]. 149 1

A case of urothelial tumor with extremely high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels is described. A 68-year-old female presented with macroscopic hematuria and left flank pain. Laboratory examination revealed an extremely high serum level of CEA (194 ng/ml) and elevated levels of serum CA 19-9 (235 U/ml) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-Antigen (10.7 ng/ml), while urine CEA remained within normal limits. No abnormal findings were recognized in gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, but left renal pelvic tumor (T4N2M0) was discovered. Nephroureterectomy with regional lymph node dissection was done. The pathologic anatomy was infiltrating non-papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC, G2 = G3, pT4N2M0). More than 30% of the tumor cells were positive for CEA by ABC-peroxidase staining. Levels of tumor markers remained higher than normal after the operation and were normalized after M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy. However, 6 months after the operation, levels of tumor markers rose again and lung metastases appeared. She died 10 months after the operation.
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PMID:[A case of transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis with an extremely high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level]. 154 71

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is a very potent bronchoconstrictor, and is believed to be an important mediator during immediate (IAR) and late asthmatic response (LAR). No direct measurement of LTC4 in lung tissue during IAR and LAR has been reported, however, and its localized site in the lung remains unclear. In an effort to clarify these issues, the content of LTC4 in lung tissue was evaluated at the onset of antigen-induced IAR and LAR, and the distribution of LTC4 was examined by immunohistochemistry. IAR and LAR were induced by inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) in conscious guinea pigs. The development of IAR and LAR following inhaled OA exposure was determined in sensitized guinea pigs by measurement of respiratory resistance using the oscillation method. LTC4 in lung tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay at six different stages (S1: non-treated group; S2: group before OA-challenge following sensitization; S3: IAR group; S4: group two hours after IAR; S5: LAR-positive group; S6: LAR-negative group). For immunohistochemistry, non-treated guinea pigs and the sensitized animals at the onset of LAR were used. Lung sections were stained with anti-LTC4 antibody by avidin biotin peroxidase complex method (ABC method). About 70% of the guinea pigs displayed IAR, followed by LAR that peaked at 6-20 hours after OA challenge. The LTC4 content in lung tissue was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) at the onset of IAR, but was significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) after two hours, and significantly increased (p less than 0.01) at the onset of LAR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Content and localization of leukotriene C4 in lung tissue during biphasic allergic bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig]. 162

Ethylnitrosourea-induced central and peripheral nerve tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), S-100 protein, NSE (Neuron Specific Enolase) and Anti-Leu 7 (HNK-1) immunoreactivity utilizing the ABC method (avidin-biotin-complex) for GFAP, S-100 protein and NSE, and the PAP method (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) for Anti-Leu 7. Peripheral nerve neurinomas were consistently positive for S-100 protein and consistently negative for GFAP and Anti-Leu 7. Neurinomas would occasionally exhibit positive staining for NSE (2 of 55 tumors). The staining intensity for S-100 protein varied from strongly positive in differentiated neurinomas to weakly positive in anaplastic tumors. Neoplastic and reactive astrocytes exhibited positive staining for both S-100 protein and GFAP. Variation in the GFAP staining intensity of glial tumors correlated with the degree of differentiation as anaplastic tumors did not stain with the same intensity as their more differentiated counterparts. Oligodendrogliomas exhibited occasional immunoreactivity to S-100 protein (3 of 36 tumors). NSE reactivity in oligodendrogliomas was rarely observed (1 tumor in 36) and immunoreactivity against GFAP or Anti-Leu 7 was consistently absent. Anti-Leu 7 and NSE proved to be of little value in the classification of ENU-induced neural tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of rat central and peripheral nerve tumors induced by ethylnitrosourea. 169 97

The distribution of structural and secretory glycoconjugates in the gastric region of metamorphosing Xenopus laevis was studied by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) histochemical staining method using seven lectins (concanavalin A, Con A; Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, DBA; peanut agglutinin, PNA; Ricinus communis agglutinin I, RCA-I; soybean agglutinin, SBA; Ulex europeus agglutinin I, UEA-I; and wheat germ agglutinin, WGA). Throughout the larval period to stage 60, the epithelium consisting of surface cells and gland cells was stained in various patterns with all lectins examined, whereas the thin layer of connective tissue was positive only for RCA-I. At the beginning of metamorphic climax, the connective tissue became stained with Con A, SBA, and WGA, and its staining pattern varied with different lectins. The region just beneath the surface cells was strongly stained only with RCA-I. With the progression of development, both the epithelium and the connective tissue gradually changed their staining patterns. The surface cells, the gland cells, and the connective tissue conspicuously changed their staining patterns, respectively, for Con A and WGA; for Con A, PNA, RCA-I, SBA, and WGA; and for Con A, RCA-I, and WGA. At the completion of metamorphosis (stage 66), mucous neck cells became clearly identifiable in the epithelium, and their cytoplasm was strongly stained with DBA, PNA, RCA-I, and SBA. These results indicate that lectin histochemistry can provide good criteria for distinguishing among three epithelial cell types, namely, surface cells, gland cells, and mucous neck cells, and between adult and larval cells of each type.
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PMID:Changes in lectin-binding pattern in the digestive tract of Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. I. Gastric region. 169 25

The binding of seven lectins (concanavalin A, Con A; Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, DBA; peanut agglutinin, PNA; Ricinus communis agglutinin I, RCA-I; soybean agglutinin, SBA; Ulex europeus agglutinin, UEA-I; and wheat germ agglutinin, WGA) to the small intestine in metamorphosing Xenopus laevis was studied by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method. The staining pattern of the epithelium with all lectins except for UEA-I and Con A changed gradually during metamorphic climax; the main component of the epithelium, absorptive cells, gradually became positive for DBA, PNA, and SBA and the scattered goblet cells for RCA-I and WGA. On the other hand, the change of the staining pattern in the connective tissue occurred only for Con A, RCA-I, and WGA, and this change took place rapidly at the beginning of climax (stage 60). Increased staining for Con A and WGA at stage 60 was observed only in a group of connective tissue cells close to the epithelium and in the basement membrane. As metamorphosis progressed, this localization of the staining intensity became less clear. At the completion of metamorphosis (stage 66), the absorptive cells were stained with all lectins except for UEA-I, whereas the goblet cells stained only with RCA-I and WGA. These results indicate that lectin histochemistry can distinguish between larval and adult cells of both two epithelial types (absorptive and goblet cells). The technique may also identify a group of connective tissue cells, close to the epithelium, that possibly induce the metamorphic epithelial changes.
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PMID:Changes in lectin-binding pattern in the digestive tract of Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. II. Small intestine. 169 26


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