Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00216 (ABC)
 8,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen specimens of palatal mucosa were taken from 17 human subjects. Paraffin-wax sections were stained by routine methods and with various techniques to demonstrate glycosaminoglycans (GAG). In some sections, GAG were removed by selective degradative procedures before staining. Beneath all rugae, there were myxoid areas varying in size and marginal definition. Collagen fibres were few; elastic and reticulin fibres were numerous in a minority of sections. Alcianophilia at pH 2.5, preventable by streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion, suggested the presence of hyaluronic acid beneath the rugae. Alcian-blue staining at pH 1.0 and with the critical electrolyte concentration method using 0.5 M MgCl2 did not distinguish the myxoid tissue from the surrounding connective tissue and could be prevented by digestion with testicular hyaluronidase or chondroitinase ABC. Chondroitin sulphate and, or dermatan sulphate thus may be present but were not localized to the myxoid tissue. This unusual zone of loose connective tissue may act as a physical buffer resisting the local effects of high loads by allowing reversible extrusion of the water.
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PMID:Histological localization of myxoid tissue in normal human palatal mucosa and its glycosaminoglycans. 244 96

Paraffin-embedded materials from 104 patients with breast cancer were assayed for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) with avidin-biotin complex method. A significant positive correlation was found between SR status and cell differentiation or lymph node status. Tumors with elastosis tend to contain ER, PR and AR more frequently. Patients with positive ER, PR or AR tumors were 1.2 to 2.6 times more likely to survive than those with negative ones. The five-year survival rate increased with the increase of number and amount of positive SR. These results indicate that ER, PR and AR detected by ABC method may be used as biomarkers for tumor differentiation and have prognostic values in breast cancer.
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PMID:[Correlation of steroid hormone receptors (SR) with clinical and pathological features of human breast cancer]. 256 32

Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) specifically stains the perinuclear region of the human parietal cell that corresponds to the intracellular secretory canalicular membrane at the electron microscopic level (Histochemistry 83: 189, 1985). In the present study, the DBA-staining intensity of the parietal cell was quantitatively estimated in association with gastric acid secretion. Gastric fundic glandular tissues were taken by endoscopic biopsy from 11 healthy males before and after administration of tetragastrin (4 micrograms/kg) or betazol hydrochloride (1 mg/kg). Paraffin sections were prepared and stained with DBA by the ABC method. Light absorbance of the stained parietal cells covering a spot 20.9 microns in diameter was measured using a microspectrophotometer set at wavelength of 365 nm. In all cases, a significant increase in absorbance was recorded after stimulation. The total average of the absorbance before and after stimulation was 0.21 and 0.29, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed that the increase in absorbance was caused by an increase in surface area of the membrane of the intracellular secretory canaliculi.
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PMID:A morphometric study of changes in Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA)-binding pattern of the human gastric parietal cell in association with acid secretion. 260 62

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and malignant lymphoma are common malignant tumors which frequently involve nasopharynx and cervical lymph nodes. Sometimes, it is difficult to distinguish poorly-differentiated NPC, especially undifferentiated NPC, from malignant lymphoma. Paraffin sections of 221 cases of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated NPC and malignant lymphomas were analysed by immunohistochemical techniques (IGSS, ABC, double stain, etc.), The immunohistochemical criteria of differential diagnosis between NPC and malignant lymphomas were proposed and with these criteria, 40 cases which were difficult to distinguish between NPC and malignant lymphoma were identified. In comparison with the methods of SPA, PAP, ABC, IGSS, etc., and the probes of Ke, EMA, LCA, Vi, etc. on paraffin sections, IGSS or ABC method and probes of Ke and LCA were considered to be more sensitive.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study on differential diagnosis between NPC and malignant lymphoma]. 263 62

Differences in colonic secretory glycoconjugates (ie, mucin) between normal and ulcerative colitis-prone patients have been noted. Similar differences may occur in a corresponding primate model, the cotton-top tamarin (CTT), Saguinus oedipus, a New World monkey which suffers from spontaneous chronic colitis and colon cancer. Lectin reagents were used to characterize and compare colonic cell surface, cytoplasmic, and secretory glycoconjugates of 9 clinically healthy cotton-top tamarins, 7 colitis-susceptible, cancer-resistant tamarins (Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus fuscicollis), and 8 colitis and cancer-resistant primates (Aotus trivirgatus, Saimiri sciureus, Macaca fascicularis, and Macaca mulatta). Paraffin-embedded colonic sections were labeled with ten different biotinylated lectins and visualized by the avidin-biotin peroxidase (ABC) method. Significant differences were demonstrated in the pattern of lectin staining between the colitis-resistant and colitis-prone groups of primates. The differences were noted with Griffonia simplicifolia-I (GS-I), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA) before and after neuraminidase, Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and succinylated WGA (S-WGA). Significant differences between the CTT and phylogenetically related colitis-prone but cancer-resistant tamarins were demonstrated with SBA, UEA-I, and PNA after desialylation with neuraminidase. These results suggest that differences in colonic cellular glycoconjugates between colitis- and cancer-susceptible species versus colitis-susceptible, cancer-resistant species may be associated with risk of cancer.
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PMID:Characterization of colonic cellular glycoconjugates in colitis and cancer-prone tamarins versus colitis and cancer-resistant primates. 313 57

Leu M1 positivity of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells has been reported. The authors studied the specificity and sensitivity of Leu M1 in Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Within NHL, they particularly selected cases that were confused with HD. The authors also studied S100 antigen to determine the pattern of staining in HD and NHL. Paraffin-embedded sections of 23 HD cases (3 lymphocyte predominate, 10 nodular sclerosing, 10 mixed cellularity) and 22 NHL cases (13 diffuse large cell, 5 diffuse mixed small and large cell, 4 others) were studied using an ABC technic. In 20 of 23 HD cases, RS cells and variants were Leu M1+; most cases contained prominent paranuclear positivity; some had diffuse cytoplasmic staining; and some had apparent staining of the cell surface. Neutrophils were intensely positive for Leu M1 and occasional histiocytes also were labeled. In two of the three negative cases (MC), the neutrophils were only weakly positive, thus suggesting a problem with tissue preparation. Of 22 NHL cases, 15 were totally Leu M1 negative. In six cases, rare or occasional tumor cells contained Leu M1 positivity in either a weak punctate, granular, or surface pattern. In an additional case, extensive pleomorphic cell staining was seen indistinguishable from that observed in RS cells; this case was the fourth recurrence of a primary skin NHL which began two years earlier as a pure small cleaved cell NHL. A total of three cases had positive pleomorphic cells. Some carcinomas were also Leu M1 positive. Concerning S100 antigen, the authors found scattered non-neoplastic cells throughout both HD and NHL samples; no tumor cells stained with this antigen. The negative S100 reaction of RS cells fails to support the argument for a dendritic cell origin. In properly prepared tissue, Leu M1 staining is quite sensitive for RS cells and variants, displaying a characteristic pattern. However, occasional Leu M1 positivity identified in NHL raises doubt as to its complete specificity.
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PMID:Leu M1 and S100 in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 375 87

The expression of the p53 protein in photodamaged skin from the face, forearm and neck of 18 subjects was compared to non-exposed skin taken at autopsy from the abdomens of 9 subjects of the same age. Paraffin sections and the polyclonal antibody CM1 were used with the ABC technique. The p53 protein was expressed in the nuclei of keratinocytes in 7 of the 18 samples obtained from sun-exposed skin and in 1 of 9 samples from non-exposed skin. The expression in sun-exposed skin can be due either to its overexpression due to DNA damage or to the appearance of mutant forms.
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PMID:Expression of the p53 protein in sun-damaged skin. 880 Feb 99

Recent studies have shown bcl-2 to be regulated by p53. Other studies have suggested an inverse relationship between p53 and bcl-2 protein expression in breast and colonic cancers and in a variety of subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This study investigates the relationship between bcl-2 and p53 protein expression and the correlation between these findings and the grade and cell type of follicular lymphomas according to the REAL classification. Paraffin-embedded nodal follicular lymphomas (n = 37) were subjected to bcl-2 and p53 immunohistochemistry on tissue sections using a three-step ABC system. Positive immunostaining for both oncoproteins was scored using a three-tiered scale: +, < 10 per cent cells; ++, 10-50 per cent cells; and ++(+), > 50 per cent cells (< 10 per cent was used as a cut-off to define negative tumours). Ninety-seven per cent (36/37) of follicular lymphomas expressed bcl-2 protein in all three grades, manifesting in the small cell (grade 1) through to the large cell (grade 3). p53 protein expression showed a pattern of increasing immunostaining with progression towards the high-grade follicular lymphoma: grade 1 = 6 per cent (1/16); grade 2 = 48 per cent (10/21); grade 3 = 100 per cent (6/6). Five cases comprised varying combinations of grades. This latter finding suggests a role for p53 mutation in the progression/transformation of follicular lymphoma. The mechanism, however, differs from that suggested in breast and colonic cancers, since an inverse relationship between bcl-2 and p53 was not demonstrated in the present study.
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PMID:bcl-2 and p53 protein expression in follicular lymphoma. 934 33

The p53 gene is well known as a tumour suppressor gene. In addition, the mutated p53 gene is detected in a variety of human cancers including lung cancer, and is considered as an oncogene. Lung cancer is also frequently associated with interstitial lung diseases. Therefore, it may be possible to hypothesize that there might be some abnormality of p53 gene in interstitial lung diseases. This work examined the relationship between the p53 protein and gene in lung tissues of 28 patients with interstitial lung diseases. Among 28 patients, 13 cases were pathologically diagnosed to have usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), 12 cases were diagnosed as having collagen vascular lung diseases, and three cases were diagnosed to have a non-specific interstitial pneumonia. Twenty-three tissue samples were obtained by open lung biopsy and five samples were taken by autopsy. Paraffin-embedded tissues were treated by microwave, and stained with an anti-p53 antibody (DO7) by the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase (ABC) method. In selected patients, mutations in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene were also examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequence. In addition, the presence of anti-p53 antibodies in patients' sera was screened for by ELISA. Fifteen samples (53.6%) revealed overexpression of the p53 protein in the nuclei of alveolar epithelial cells. However, SSCP or sequence analysis, which was performed in 13 tissues, showed no mutations in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene. In conclusion, p53 proteins were overexpressed in interstitial lung diseases, and the expressed p53 protein was considered to be wild-type. This wild-type p53 protein may play a role in blocking the transformation of proliferative epithelial cells.
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PMID:Overexpression of p53 protein in interstitial lung diseases. 961 10

Aromatization of androgens into estrogens in rat testis is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme cytochrome P450 aromatase. In this work, aromatase cellular site was investigated in prepuberal, peripuberal and postpuberal testis, from 10-, 21- and 60-day-old rats respectively. Paraffin-embedded testis sections were processed for P450arom immunostaining using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum generated against purified human placental cytochrome P450 aromatase. Next, biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG was applied, followed by ABC/HRP/complex amplification with diaminobenzidine as chromogen. Prepuberal testis sections showed a strong immunoreactivity of aromatase in Sertoli cell cytoplasm while interstitial cells were immunonegative. In peripuberal testis sections, cytoplasmic immunoreaction was weak in Sertoli cells, but it was strong in spermatocytes and sporadic in Leydig cells. Postpuberal testis sections displayed a moderate aromatase immunoexpression in spermatocytes while a strong immunostaining was observed in round and elongated spermatids, as well as in Leydig cells. These results indicate a different age-dependence of aromatase localization in rat testicular cells during gonadal development. In particular, inside the seminiferous tubules, the aromatization site moves from Sertoli cells to late germ cells, suggesting a proliferative role of aromatase in prepuberal testis and its subsequent involvement in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cell maturation.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of cytochrome P450 aromatase in rat testis during postnatal development. 1152 50


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