Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: DrugBank:APRD00216 (ABC)
 8,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify genes specifically or predominantly expressed in the stigmas/styles and to establish their possible function in the reproductive process of plants, a tobacco stigma/style cDNA library was constructed and differentially screened, resulting in the isolation of several cDNA clones. The molecular characterization of one of these clones is described here. After sequencing the cDNA and the isolated genomic clone, it was determined that the corresponding gene encodes a protein containing an ATP-binding cassette, characteristic of ABC transporters. This gene, designated as NtWBC1 (Nicotiana tabacum ABC transporter of the White-Brown Complex subfamily), encodes a protein that contains the typical structure of the 'half-transporters' of the White subfamily. To establish the spatial expression pattern of the NtWBC1 gene, northern blot and real-time RT-PCR analyses with total RNA from roots, stems, leaves, sepals, petals, stamens, stigmas/styles, ovaries, and seeds were performed. The result revealed a transcript of 2.5 kb present at high levels in stigmas and styles and a smaller transcript (2.3 kb) present at a lower level in stamens. NtWBC1 expression is developmentally regulated in stigmas/styles, with mRNA accumulation increasing toward anthesis. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that NtWBC1 is expressed in the stigmatic secretory zone and in anthers, at the stomium region and at the vascular bundle. NtWBC1 is the first ABC transporter gene with specific expression in plant reproductive organs to be identified and its expression pattern suggests important role(s) in the reproductive process.
 ...
PMID:NtWBC1, an ABC transporter gene specifically expressed in tobacco reproductive organs. 1525 65

The huge improvement in the therapeutic arsenal for HIV infection has led to HIV becoming a chronic disease. Like us, our patients are aging and their life expectancy is close to that of the general population. Consequently, we need safe, easily administered drugs with interactions that can be controlled and the least possible impact on highly prevalent comorbidities such as atherosclerosis or coinfection with hepatotropic viruses. Drugs should fit the patient's lifestyle without affecting quality of life and, above all, be free of effects leading to stigma, such as lipoatrophy, a major concern for most recently diagnosed patients. The choice of the two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors used at the start of antiretroviral therapy should be based on careful evaluation of the abundant data accumulated on all these determining factors which are heralding a new era in the control of HIV infection. Thus, in this scenario, thymidine analogues have been relegated to alternative use. Fixeddose combinations of tenofovir and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) or abacavir and lamivudine (ABC/3TC) are the backbone of choice when initiating antiretroviral therapy. Direct comparative data are still scarce but suggest similar virological efficacy, with highly preliminary data suggesting some disadvantages associated with the use of ABC/3TC. After excluding patients at risk of hypersensitivity to ABC, both combinations are well tolerated, but TDF/FTC is associated with a better lipid profile. Recent data from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV drugs (DAD) study show an unexpected association of ABC with increased cardiovascular risk and thus more detailed studies are required.
 ...
PMID:[Are all analogue combinations equal?]. 1919 37

According to the ABC(DE) model for flower development, C-genes are required for stamen and carpel development and floral determinacy, and D-genes were proposed to play a unique role in ovule development. Both C- and D-genes belong to the AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily of MADS box transcription factors. We show that the petunia (Petunia hybrida) C-clade genes PETUNIA MADS BOX GENE3 and FLORAL BINDING PROTEIN6 (FBP6) largely overlap in function, both in floral organ identity specification and floral determinacy, unlike the pronounced subfunctionalization observed in Arabidopsis thaliana and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus). Some specialization has also evolved, since FBP6 plays a unique role in the development of the style and stigma. Furthermore, we show that the D-genes FBP7 and FBP11 are not essential to confer ovule identity. Instead, this function is redundantly shared among all AG members. In turn, the D-genes also participate in floral determinacy. Gain-of-function analyses suggest the presence of a posttranscriptional C-repression mechanism in petunia, most likely not existing in Arabidopsis. Finally, we show that expression maintenance of the paleoAPETALA3-type B-gene TOMATO MADS BOX GENE6 depends on the activity of C-genes. Taken together, this demonstrates considerable variation in the molecular control of floral development between eudicot species.
 ...
PMID:Redefining C and D in the petunia ABC. 2270 85

Little is known about transgender parents and how they have negotiated their gender transition, referred to here as Parental Gender Transition (PGT), and subsequent stressors. This study addressed this gap using an adapted version of the ABC-X model and Family Stress Theory. The family functioning of 73 transgender parents (72.2 % born male, 25.0 % born female, and 2.8 % other, e.g., intersex), who transitioned after they had children, was examined in regard to the potential stresses associated with PGT (impact of disclosure, stigma, and boundary ambiguity), resources available to transitioning parents (social support and coping), and perception (sense of coherence and perceptions of PGT). Hierarchical multiple regression and path analysis were then conducted to determine if resources and perception altered the relationship between stress and family functioning. Findings from these transgender parents indicated an ameliorating role of sense of coherence, or the perception that they can handle the situation, on the relationship between stigma and family functioning, but not between boundary ambiguity, or confusion regarding who is in the family system, and family functioning. This suggests one avenue for professionals to intervene and help families through PGT. However, it also indicates the need for further research to determine ways to mitigate the impact of boundary ambiguity on family functioning.
 ...
PMID:Adaptation to Parental Gender Transition: Stress and Resilience Among Transgender Parents. 2675 55

Negative body image attitudes develop in early childhood and there is a need for school-based resources during the early school years, but no teacher-delivered curriculum-based resources exist to mitigate these attitudes in young children. Achieving Body Confidence for Young Children (ABC-4-YC), a universal body dissatisfaction and weight stigma prevention program, was developed and then delivered in a pilot study. Fifty-one 5- to 8-year-old children completed pre- and post-intervention interviews assessing body image attitudes, and seven teachers provided feedback. Significant improvement in body esteem and positive teacher feedback were found. The results provide preliminary support for ABC-4-YC to improve children's body image attitudes, but extensive evaluation is needed.
 ...
PMID:Achieving body confidence for young children: Development and pilot study of a universal teacher-led body image and weight stigma program for early primary school children. 2957 41

HIV prevention has evolved dramatically since the 1990s. The ABC trilogy (abstinence, be faithful, use a condom) has expanded to incorporate a range of biomedical prevention strategies, including voluntary medical male circumcision, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, and treatment-as-prevention, and to accommodate structural and combination prevention approaches. This study examines how young Africans from five epidemiologically and socio-culturally diverse countries (Swaziland, Kenya, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Senegal) made sense of the evolving prevention of sexual transmission of HIV between 1997 and 2014. It uses a distinctive data source: 1,343 creative narratives submitted to HIV-themed scriptwriting competitions by young people aged 10-24. The study triangulates between analysis of quantifiable characteristics of the narratives, thematic qualitative analysis, and narrative-based approaches. Over time, HIV prevention themes become less prominent. Condoms are represented less often from 2008, though representations become more favourable. Biomedical prevention is all but absent through 2014. While prevention strategies may be described as effective in narratorial commentary, they are rarely depicted as preventing HIV, but are evoked instead in moralistic cautionary tales or represented as ineffective. Over time, an increasing proportion of protagonists are female. One in five narratives acknowledge structural drivers of HIV, but these are generally either disempowering or condemn characters for failing to prevent HIV in the face of often overwhelming structural challenges. In the context of combination prevention, there is a need to disseminate an empowering cultural narrative that models successful use of HIV prevention strategies despite structural constraints and avoids blaming and stigma.
 ...
PMID:Social representations of the prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV among young Africans from five countries, 1997-2014. 3214 15