Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: DrugBank:APRD00216 (ABC)
 8,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Langerhans cells (LCs) in 73 cases of gastric carcinomas (GC) were quantitatively investigated by ABC immunohistochemical method using anti-S-100 protein antibody. The mean density of LCs (cell numbers/mm2) infiltrating the carcinomas showed an intimate relationship with the prognosis (P < 0.01) and the status of lymph node (LN) metastasis (P < 0.05). The density of LCs in patients without LN metastasis was significantly higher than that with LN metastasis. In 73 cases of GC, there were 35 cases of LCs(+) and 38 of LCs(++) groups. The mean survival times were 29.81 months in the former and 52.21 months in the latter. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) between the survival and degree of the density of LCs was showed by Student's t test and life table method. There were no correlation among the density of LCs and gross appearance, depth of invasion, histologic type and patients' sex. The fact indicated that LCs may play an important role in immunological defense mechanisms of host against the tumor. Patients with dense infiltration of LCs survived longer and showed less LN metastasis than those without such an infiltration. It is considered that measurement of LCs in specimens of GC may be taken as one of criteria of prognosis.
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PMID:[Relationship between Langerhans cells and prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma]. 130 74

135 specimens of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded and stained for Pre-S1, Pre-S2 and HBxAg by ABC method, for HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. The detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 positive cases in cancerous tissues were 22.2% and 20.0%. The detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in non-cancerous liver tissues were 60.0% and 59.6%. The positive ratio of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in the same hepatoma was 16.3% and that in the same non-cancerous liver tissue was 55.6%. Among 135 cases of PHC, HBsAg, HBxAg and HBcAg positives in tumor tissues were 16.3%, 55.6% and 8.9%, respectively. Those in non-cancerous tissues were 59.6%, 78.8% and 24.2%. This study suggested that the detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 positivity in hepatoma tissues were higher than those of HBsAg and HBcAg but lower than that of HBxAg. The frequency of positive Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in non-cancerous liver tissues was similar to HBsAg, and slightly lower than that of HBxAg. S1 and S2 are considered new markers for HBV infection. Their antigens could play an important role in the pathogenesis of PHC.
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PMID:[Expression and significance of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in human primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC)]. 131 93

By means of immunohistochemical technique ABC, using monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor (TFR) antibodies WuT9 and OKT9, TFR expression in 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in 6 cases of organs and tissues of normal human bodies was studied. It was revealed that large amount of TFR were expressed in liver cancer cells, but not in the surrounding mesenchymal cells as demonstrated by intense immunostaining in cancer nests, and even not in the surrounding mesenchyma of those HCC patients with negative AFP in their serum. In normal human body, only small amount of TFR in limited sites was found without free antigen in blood stream. Thus, it followed that TFR as a structural antigen of HCC was expressed with higher relative specificity than AFP, and TFR may be considered a tumor marker and therapeutic target of HCC.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of transferrin receptor expression in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 132 39

The characteristics of one of a group of monoclonal antibodies named BIU-H6 are reported. Using McAb BIU-H6, by ABC-immunohistochemical staining directed against 34 bladder cancers and 5 normal bladders. It was found that BIU-H6 does not react with normal bladder epithelial and adenocarcinoma of the bladder, but with transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and CIS of the bladder. The staining characters were variant according to the different grade/stage of the cancer. The result shows that BIU-H6 antigen is a tumor associated antigen of poorly differentiated and invasive carcinoma of the bladder.
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PMID:[Characterization of monoclonal antibody (BIU-H) directed against bladder cancer and its pathologic feature]. 132 48

Specimens of 110 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma were obtained from the pathological Laboratory of the First Teaching Hospital of the 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an. P. R. China. Sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material were stained for HBxAg by ABC method and for HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. Among the 110 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma, 64 (58.2%) showed HBxAg-positive reaction in tumor tissue, and 63 (78.8%) of 80 cases of noncancerous surrounding hepatic tissue displayed HBxAg positivity. Among 64 HBxAg-positive cases in tumor tissue, 15 (23.4%) were associated with HBsAg and/or HBcAg and among 63 HBxAg-positive cases in non-tumor tissue, 45 (71.4%) were associated with HBsAg and/or HBcAg. These findings suggested a close relationship between primary hepatic carcinoma and HBV infection. The high detection rate of HBxAg indicates very active expression of the integrated HBV-DNA genome in the host cells. However, how does HBxAg act in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be further investigated.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study on X antigen of HBV (HBxAg) in primary hepatic carcinoma]. 133 87

Lymphoducts and blood vessels exist in the stroma, while none can be detected in the cancer nest itself within cancerous tissue. This explains why metastasis of carcinoma cannot occur without the escape of tumor cells through the basement membrane surrounding the cancer nest into the stroma. Accordingly, observation of the continuity of the basement membrane, what we call the cancer nest membrane, is essential for elucidating the first step of metastasis. Since type IV collagen is the most important structure composing the basement membrane, investigation of the immunohistological localization and continuity of type IV collagen is of value in predicting the metastatic aggressiveness of squamous cell carcinoma. We therefore studied biopsy tissues from the advancing lesion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in 95 untreated patients. The tissues were fixed in 85% ethanol and embedded in paraffin, and 5-um thin sections prepared were then immunohistochemically stained for type IV collagen by the ABC method for observation of the continuity status of the cancer nest membrane in relation to metastasis. The basement membranes of normal mucosal epithelium and normal interstitial capillaries were utilized as positive controls, and negative controls were obtained by using PBS in place of the primary antibodies for the immunohistochemical reaction. Membrane discontinuity (breaks or absence) correlated significantly with cervical lymph node metastasis, while intact membrane was associated with a low frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis. There was no obvious relation between the clinical T category and the continuity of the membrane; pN (+) carcinomas with membrane discontinuity included even T1 supraglottic and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as T2 or higher oral mucosal carcinomas and T3 or higher glottic carcinomas, suggesting variation with tumor site. Hypopharyngeal and supraglottic carcinoma was associated with membrane discontinuity and a high incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, glottic and oral carcinoma more often presented with intact membranes and had a lower incidence of metastasis, although carcinomas in these sites that did present with discontinuity of the membrane were associated with a high incidence of cervical metastasis. Therefore, observation of the continuity of the cancer nest membrane by the expression of type IV collagen may be useful in selecting better specific therapies and determining the necessity of prophylactic neck dissection. A correlation between the degree of tumor differentiation and the continuity of the membrane was also found; well-differentiated tumors with discontinuity of the membrane were frequently associated with cervical lymph node metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunohistological investigation of type IV collagen in the basement membrane surrounding the cancer nest (cancer nest membrane) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma--its relation to frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis]. 146 93

Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular-metal binding protein with multiple biological functions. Recently, MT has been implicated as a factor involved in resistance to anticancer drugs, which presumably inactivates anticancer drugs, including cisplatin, and doxorubicin. In this report, we investigated the relationship of MT expression with the clinical features in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In 35 cases of bladder cancer, 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 3 cases of normal mucosa of bladder, the expression of MT was immunohistologically examined by avidinebiotin-peroxidase (ABC) staining of paraffin-embedded tissue specimens with anti-MT antibody. Intense MT expression was noted in all cases of normal mucosa of bladder. MT was detected in 10 of 35 cases of bladder cancer, with the incidence of MT expression being significantly higher increases with lower pathological tumor grade. MT was detected in 8 of 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma, and all of the their normal renal tubules showed more intense staining. A number of hypotheses can be proposed from these observations. First, our observation of decreased MT expression in poorly differentiated carcinomas, which are the more proliferating tumors, this suggests correlation of MT expression with proliferative status of cancer. Second, the higher incidence of MT expression in renal cell carcinoma than in bladder cancer may suggest that it is a factor responsible for the lower efficacy of chemo-therapy in renal cell carcinoma than in bladder cancer.
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PMID:[Histopathological study of metallothionein in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma]. 149 1

Specimens from 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were examined immunohistochemically, using Streptavidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC) with a series of monoclonal antibodies. Subsets of the infiltrating T lymphocytes in cancer tissues were identified and analysed. We found that, T cell infiltration was predominant. The degree of T cell infiltration was correlated well to the differentiation of cancer and a significant difference existed in OKT 3 + count between the better and the poorer differentiated tumors. Comparing with OKT4+, OKT8+ cells were predominant around cancer nest, the ratio is 1:2. Our results suggest that T cell subsets play a key role in immune response to tumor. Variable quantities and ratio of T subset might be associated with immune regulation imbalance, and reflected malignant grade of cancer and prognosis of the patients.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical research for T cell subsets infiltrating in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity by monoclonal antibody]. 149 96

The cytologic evaluation of poorly differentiated tumors frequently poses a diagnostic dilemma as to the tissue of origin. To assess the diagnostic utility of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in these situations, we applied a panel of three highly purified MAbs specific for tumor-associated ganglioside epitopes to a diverse series of cytologic specimens. The panel was composed of DMAb-3, reactive with the epitope GalNAc beta 1-4 (NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal- of GM2; DMAb-7, reactive with the epitope (NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal beta 1-4(Glc or GlcNAc)- of GD3 and 3'8'-LD1; and DMAb-20, reactive with the epitope GalNAc beta 1-4(NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal- of GD2. The cytologic material consisted of air-dried Cytospin preparations prepared predominantly from fine needle aspirates and stained with the ABC immunohistochemical method. Positive reactivity was recognized when greater than 5% of tumor cells stained with the antibody; lesser reactivity was called negative. DMAb-3 stained 9/14 (64%) glial tumors, 4/13 (31%) nonglial central nervous system tumors, 1/21 (5%) melanomas, 7/38 (18%) non-small cell carcinomas (NSCC), 1/15 (7%) small cell carcinomas (SCC), 0/9 (0%) lymphomas/leukemias, 2/10 (20%) sarcomas, 1/7 (14%) miscellaneous tumors and 2/2 (100%) reactive fluids. DMAb-7 recognized 14/14 (100%) glial tumors, 9/13 (69%) non-glial central nervous system tumors, 19/22 (86%) melanomas, 19/43 (44%) NSCC, 5/15 (33%) SCC, 2/9 (22%) lymphomas/leukemias, 6/10 (60%) sarcomas, 1/7 (14%) miscellaneous tumors and 4/4 (100%) reactive fluids. DMAb-20 stained 6/14 (43%) glial tumors, 2/13 (15%) nonglial central nervous system tumors, 1/21 (5%) melanomas, 4/38 (10%) NSCC, 0/15 (0%) SCC, 0/9 (0%) lymphomas/leukemias, 1/10 (10%) sarcomas, 1/7 (14%) miscellaneous tumors and 1/3 (33%) reactive fluids. The GD3-reactive DMAb-7 recognized a large portion of many tumor types and thus is not diagnostically useful alone. DMAb-3 and DMAb-20 were more selective and showed the strongest reactivity for glial tumors and minimal reactivity for melanomas, small cell carcinomas, and lymphomas or leukemias. DMAb-3 and DMAb-20 may be useful as components of a larger panel of MAbs in distinguishing between poorly differentiated tumors in samples derived from the central nervous system.
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PMID:Application of a panel of antiganglioside monoclonal antibodies to cytologic specimens. 152 27

A case of urothelial tumor with extremely high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels is described. A 68-year-old female presented with macroscopic hematuria and left flank pain. Laboratory examination revealed an extremely high serum level of CEA (194 ng/ml) and elevated levels of serum CA 19-9 (235 U/ml) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-Antigen (10.7 ng/ml), while urine CEA remained within normal limits. No abnormal findings were recognized in gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, but left renal pelvic tumor (T4N2M0) was discovered. Nephroureterectomy with regional lymph node dissection was done. The pathologic anatomy was infiltrating non-papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC, G2 = G3, pT4N2M0). More than 30% of the tumor cells were positive for CEA by ABC-peroxidase staining. Levels of tumor markers remained higher than normal after the operation and were normalized after M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy. However, 6 months after the operation, levels of tumor markers rose again and lung metastases appeared. She died 10 months after the operation.
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PMID:[A case of transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis with an extremely high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level]. 154 71


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