Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00216 (ABC)
 8,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigated the Sequential and Simultaneous processing distinctions of high-functioning autistic children and children with a developmental receptive language disorder (DRLD). Twenty autistic subjects and 20 DRLD subjects were matched on age and gender, and compared to each other on their Sequential and Simultaneous processing abilities utilizing the K-ABC and selected subtests of the WISC-R. Results showed that both groups manifested a relative sequential processing deficit. However, the groups did not differ significantly on their overall sequential and simultaneous processing capabilities relative to their degree of language impairment. The application of the sequential and simultaneous processing model to the WISC-R provided consistent convergent and discriminant validation for the assessment of these processes with the WISC-R.
J Autism Dev Disord 1991 Dec
PMID:Sequential and simultaneous processing abilities of high-functioning autistic and language-impaired children. 177 62

The psychometric properties of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC; Krug, Arick, & Almond, 1980a, 1980b), a 57-item screening checklist for autism was investigated. Professional Informants completed the ABC on 67 autistic and 56 mentally retarded and learning-disabled children. The autistic children were the total population of autistic children aged 6-15 in two circumscribed suburban and rural regions. Using the total score, the ABC accurately discriminated 91% of the children, with 87% of the autistic and 96% of the nonautistic group correctly classified. Moreover, the accuracy of classification was virtually identical when only the more heavily weighted checklist items were used. A 3-factor model accounted for 32% of the total variance in the checklist. Seventeen items loaded .4 or more on Factor 1, 12 items loaded on Factor 2, and 10 items loaded on Factor 3. The present results fail to provide empirical support for a single unidimensional scale for autism. Also, there is little support for subdividing the checklist into five subscales based on symptom areas.
J Autism Dev Disord 1991 Dec
PMID:A closer look at the Autism Behavior Checklist: discriminant validity and factor structure. 177 65

The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC; Aman, Singh, Stewart, & Field, 1985a, 1985b) is a 58-item third-party informant rating scale originally developed for institutionalized, low-functioning adolescents and adults. The present study investigated the appropriateness of the scale for youngsters with dual diagnosis of mental retardation and psychiatric disturbance. Over a period of 2 1/2 years, 204 patients (199 after data reduction) from a child psychiatry unit were rated twice daily by direct care staff. Data analysis addressed internal consistency, interrater reliability, criterion validity, and robustness of the factor structure. Internal consistency was satisfactory with alpha coefficients ranging from .82 to .94. Interrater reliability varied between subscales but was relatively low (Pearson correlations between .39 to .61). In terms of its criterion validity, the ABC was sensitive to psychiatric diagnoses and age and the original 5-factor structure was robust (congruence coefficients ranged between .80 to .89). Yet, only a relatively small proportion of the variance (31.5%) was explained by factor analysis indicating possible limitations of the ABC for this population. Given the paucity of assessment instruments for this particular population and the difficulty involved in developing new population-specific instruments, the ABC can be recommended for children and adolescents with dual diagnosis.
J Autism Dev Disord 1991 Mar
PMID:The Aberrant Behavior Checklist with children and adolescents with dual diagnosis. 203 47

We provided a controlled test of the hypothesis that individuals with the Martin-Bell or Fragile X [fra(x)] syndrome are more autistic than mentally retarded control individuals. A sample of fra(x) individuals was obtained from the register of a clinical genetics unit and compared with mentally retarded control individuals selected from an assessment centre who were individually matched for age, sex, and IQ. A comparison of 45 pairs of fra(x) cases and control individuals on the DSM-III (R) criteria for autism and two standardized "instruments" for the assessment of autism (ABC and ADC) failed to find a higher prevalence of autism among fra(x) individuals. There was no statistically significant difference between fra(x) individuals and control individuals, and the mean differences on both the ABC and ADC scales were in the direction contrary to the hypothesis. An analysis of the study's statistical power suggested that it is unlikely the investigation failed to detect a large to medium difference between fra(x) individuals and control individuals in autistic behaviour. Subsidiary analyses of case-control differences showed that two autistic-like behaviours occurred at a higher rate among fra(x) individuals than other mentally retarded children, namely, gaze avoidance and hand flapping. These abnormalities may have misled clinicians into thinking that autism and fra(x) are associated.
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PMID:Autism is not associated with the fragile X syndrome. 281 96

Talking was increased in an 11-year-old girl who recently had stopped talking to anyone in any setting, despite the absence of biological factors, mental retardation, and autism. Productive labeling (correctly naming picture cards) and functional language (talking about picture cards in the absence of such pictures) were interspersed with a series of treatment packages (including verbal instructions, imitation, tokens, and praise). Interventions for productive labeling were programmed in a changing-criterion design. Interventions for functional language were programmed in an ABC design. Higher levels of productive labeling and functional language were noted with the introduction of the particular package, in comparison to baseline. The results also showed the generalization of the procedures to the shaping of functional language in the absence of picture cards.
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PMID:Labeling and functional language in a case of psychological mutism. 366 55

Ninety-five children from six English primary schools were identified on the basis of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) as having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and, together with age- and ability-matched controls, were given three tasks that involved proprioception in the control and discrimination of limb position, and two tasks that involved planning for end state comfort after a bar was grasped and turned. The children in the DCD group performed less well on the majority of the proprioceptive tasks, but did not differ from controls in planning of grip selection. There was an improvement in grip planning with age. The results are contrasted with research indicating that people with autism do have a difficulty with planning grip selection.
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PMID:Planning and execution of action in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. 941

This study examines possible differences and similarities between social behaviour problems in children with problems classified as pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and a group of children with problems classified as ADHD, as measured by parent questionnaires. The instruments involved were the CBCL (Child Behaviour Checklist), the ABC (Autism Behaviour Checklist) and a new instrument: the CSBQ (Children's Social Behaviour Questionnaire). In comparing the PDD-NOS group and the ADHD group, the results show that, according to parent reports, both groups have severe problems in executing appropriate social behaviour, but the PDD-NOS group can be distinguished from the ADHD group by the nature and the extent of these problems. The PDD-NOS group had significantly more social problems (as measured by the CBCL Social scale), withdrawn problems (as measured by the CBCL Withdrawn scale) and PDD-specific problems (as measured on the ABC Relating scale, the ABC Language scale, the CSBQ total score, the CSBQ Social Interaction scale and CBSQ Communication scale). In addition, although the descriptions of the social problems are global, i.e. on scale level, the results also show that the social problems of PDD-NOS children can be positively formulated and described as at least including severe social interaction problems, withdrawn behaviours and communication problems.
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PMID:How unspecified are disorders of children with a pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified? A study of social problems in children with PDD-NOS and ADHD. 1109 39

Subgroup analysis of children (5-12 years) with autism enrolled in an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for pervasive developmental disorders. The primary efficacy measure was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability (ABC-I) subscale. Data were available for 55 children given risperidone (n=27) or placebo (n=28); mean baseline ABC-I ( +/- SD) was 20.6 (8.1) and 21.6 (10.2). Risperidone [mean dose ( +/- SD): 1.37 mg/day (0.7)] resulted in significantly greater reduction from baseline to endpoint in ABC-I versus placebo [mean change ( +/- SD): -13.4 (1.5) vs. -7.2 (1.4), P<0.05; ES=-0.7]. The most common adverse effect with risperidone was somnolence (74% vs. 7% with placebo). Risperidone treatment was well tolerated and significantly improved behavioral problems associated with autism.
J Autism Dev Disord 2007 Feb
PMID:Risperidone improves behavioral symptoms in children with autism in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 1701 24

Very low birth weight (VLBW) children are at high risk of perinatal white matter injury, which, when subtle, may not be seen using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between clinical findings and fractional anisotropy (FA) measurements in white matter of adolescents born prematurely with VLBW was studied in 34 subjects (age = 15 years, birth weight </=1500 g) and 47 age-matched controls born at term, who were examined both clinically and with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Perceptual and cognitive functions were evaluated by visual motor integration (VMI) with supplementary tests and sub-tests from WISC-III, motor function by movement ABC and Grooved Pegboard test and psychiatric symptoms by the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children semistructured interview, the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale IV. Overall functioning was scored on the children's global assessment scale. DTI scans were performed for calculation of FA maps and areas of significant differences in mean FA values between subjects and controls were compared with their clinical data. The VLBW children had reduced FA values in the internal and external capsule, corpus callosum and superior, middle superior and inferior fasciculus. Within this group of children, visual motor and visual perceptual deficits were associated with low FA values in the external capsule, posterior part of the internal capsule and in the inferior fasciculus. Children with low IQ had low FA values in the external capsule and inferior and middle superior fasciculus. Fine motor impairment was related to low FA values in the internal and external capsule and superior fasciculus. Eight VLBW children with inattention symptoms or a diagnosis of ADHD had significantly lower FA values in several areas. Mild social deficits correlated with reduced FA values in the external capsule and superior fasciculus. We conclude that DTI was able to detect differences in FA between VLBW adolescents and controls in several white matter areas at risk of periventricular leucomalacia in VLBW newborns. Our results show that low FA values in these areas were associated with perceptual, cognitive, motor and mental health impairments. These conclusions indicate that perinatal injury of white matter tracts persist with clinical significance in adolescence.
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PMID:Clinical findings and white matter abnormalities seen on diffusion tensor imaging in adolescents with very low birth weight. 1734 55

This study addressed the presence of executive dysfunction in children with CHARGE syndrome, a genetic disorder with multiple physical anomalies and severe challenging behaviors. Ninety-eight children were included in the study. More than half received clinically significant scores on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia et al., 2000) scales of Shift, Monitor, and the Behavioral Regulation Index, with additional high scores on Inhibit and the Global Executive Composite. Associations were found with the age the child first walked, scores on the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC; Krug et al., 1993), and being classified as deafblind. Difficulties with making transitions and flexible problem solving, monitoring their work and their effect on others, and acting on impulse, may be related to the behavioral difficulties exhibited by children with CHARGE. Interventions targeting improved self-regulation may help to manage this challenging behavior.
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PMID:Executive function in CHARGE syndrome. 1756 50


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