Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00080 (Leaf)
 21,685 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to establish seasonal levels of Der p 1, Der f 1 and D. pteronyssinus allergens in mattress and floor dust samples in the homes of 20 mite-allergic asthmatic patients in Cartagena, Colombia. Dust samples were collected using a portable vacuum cleaner once monthly for the same 12 months in all houses. The highest Der p 1 levels in mattress samples were detected in August (geometric mean = 109.49 ng/g) and represented a 2.2-times increase from the lowest level observed in November. Der f 1 was detected in only 3 mattresses, ranging from 90 ng to 1.6 micrograms per gram of dust. The highest levels were detected in February and March. The highest level of D. pteronyssinus allergens in mattress dust samples, quantitated by RAST-inhibition, was 8, 994 AU/g (80% inhibition); the lowest level detected was 150 AU/g (5% inhibition). Allergen levels were significantly higher in mattresses than in floor samples (p < 0.001). Overall, a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.48, p < 0.001, was obtained between Der p 1 and D. pteronyssinus allergens. There was a good correlation between mite allergens and absolute humidity (r = 0.8, p = 0.007). Der p 1, Der f 1 and D. pteronyssinus allergen levels show minimal variations in this tropical environment. Allergens derived from various mite species must be considered when assessing mite allergen exposure in these environments.
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PMID:Sequential determinations of Dermatophagoides spp. allergens in a tropical city. 872 66

Little information is available on mite allergen levels and rates of sensitization to domestic mites in South America. The purpose of this study was to establish the rate of sensitization to domestic mites in asthmatics and measure mite allergen levels in pillows and mattresses of mite allergic individuals in Santa Fe, Argentina. Dust samples were collected from the pillows and mattresses of 56 asthmatics (24 females and 32 males, mean age 17.6 +/- 11.5 years), who had been previously skin tested with standardized extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and (1:50 w/v) extracts of Aleuroglyphus ovatus, Blomia tropicalis, Chortoglyphus arcuatus. A wheal > or = 3 mm was considered positive. Sensitization to Lepidoglyphus destructor and Euroglyphus maynei was determined by RAST and considered positive when a serum bound > or = 1% of the total counts added. Forty six individuals had a positive skin test to D. pteronyssinus, 43 to D. farinae, 27 to A. ovatus, 38 to B. tropicalis, 27 to C. arcuatus; 38 of 54 individuals had a positive RAST to E. maynei and 22 of 54 to L. destructor. The mean Group 1 (Der p 1 + Derf 1) level in pillows (n = 48) was 6.7 micrograms/g (1-55.4) and in mattresses (n = 52) 4.3 micrograms/g (1-38.8). There is a high degree of sensitization to domestic mites among asthmatics in Santa Fe. High mite allergen levels (> 2 micrograms/g) can be detected very often in pillows and mattresses.
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PMID:Mite sensitivity and exposure in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina. 895 37

In 12 house-dust-mite-infested double beds, one of the mattresses was replaced by a new one, the other being regarded as a mite source. All new mattresses were treated in a double-blind fashion, with either benzyl benzoate or placebo before being placed on the bed as well as 1 year later. They were examined for mites and allergen concentrations over a period of 18 months. This period of time covered two mite seasons. Dust samples were taken bimonthly and analyzed by guanine test strip, microscopic mite counting, and determination of the mite allergens Der p 1 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and Der f 1 (D. farinae) by ELISA. Although, at the end of the observation period, the new mattresses still had significantly lower mite and allergen levels than the old mattresses, there were no significant differences between the placebo and the benzyl benzoate groups. In our setting, benzyl benzoate plus frequent cleansing was not significantly more effective in controlling mites than frequent cleansing alone.
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PMID:Does benzyl benzoate prevent colonization of new mattresses by mites? A prospective study. 902 Apr 14

Allergen avoidance is regarded as an important approach to management of atopic asthma. The effect of Intervent bed covering systems on house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure, asthma symptoms and markers of inflammation was investigated in 31 HDM sensitive asthmatic children. Dust concentrations of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen 1 (Der p 1) were monitored before and after covering the mattress, duvet and pillow with active and placebo covers for 3 months, in a single-blind, cross-over trial. Twice daily peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), daily symptom scores and treatment schedule were recorded. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was monitored by histamine challenge (provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20)), and inflammation by measuring eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in serum. There was a significant reduction in Der p 1 when the mattress, duvet and pillow were covered with the active bedding. There was no significant improvement in symptoms of asthma, PEFR, bronchodilator usage of PC20. Also, ECP, EPX, sIL-2R concentrations did not change for either treatment. EPO concentrations were significantly lower in the active compared to the placebo period. The active bed covers reduced retrievable Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen 1 (Der p 1) from the bedding, with short term clinical benefit.
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PMID:Effect of a bed covering system in children with asthma and house dust mite hypersensitivity. 904 33

Factors influencing asthma were investigated in a population of school children in central Virginia. A survey of 1,054 children in two middle schools (one urban and one suburban) identified 135 students with symptoms suggestive of asthma. Eighty-eight symptomatic children and 123 control subjects were randomly selected for further evaluation by skin testing using common indoor and outdoor allergens; serum assays for total IgE and specific IgE; dust samples assayed for mite (Der p 1 Der f 1), cat (Fel d 1), and cockroach (Bla g 2) allergens; and provocation with histamine to test for bronchial hyperreactivity. Forty-eight of the children with symptoms responded to < or = 3.9 mumol of histamine and were considered to have asthma. Marginal analysis identified elevated total IgE and dust mite, cat, and cockroach sensitization as significant risk factors for asthma. Using multiple regression, only dust mite sensitization was independently associated with asthma (odds ratio = 6.6; p < 0.0001). Dust from 81% of the houses contained high levels of mite allergen (> 2 micrograms/g), while approximately 40% of the children were exposed to cat and 17% were exposed to cockroach allergen. In this population, there was no significant association between asthma and race, socioeconomic status, home smoking, sensitization to outdoor allergens, or allergen concentration in the child's home. In an area where there is a high prevalence of asthma and most houses contain high concentrations of dust mite allergen, sensitization to this allergen is the dominant risk factor for asthma defined as symptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity
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PMID:Sensitization to dust mites as a dominant risk factor for asthma among adolescents living in central Virginia. Multiple regression analysis of a population-based study. 941 52

The presence of indoor allergens in Finnish homes was studied for the first time. Dust samples (n = 30) were collected by vacuuming a 1 m2 area from a living-room carpet in 30 apartments divided into three groups: homes with cats (n = 10), homes with dogs (n = 10), and homes without pets (n = 10). The levels of major cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), and house-dust-mite (Der p 1) allergens were analyzed by two-site ELISA methods. Der p 1 levels were below the detection limit in all dust samples. In the homes with cats or dogs, Fel 1 d and Can f 1 levels ranged from 147 to 2800 micrograms/g (geometric mean 296 micrograms/g), respectively, 567 micrograms/g), and from 86 to 1400 micrograms/g (geometric mean 296 micrograms/g), respectively, being slightly higher than those reported elsewhere. Low allergen levels, mainly below 3 micrograms/g were also detected in the homes without pets, indicating the transfer of allergens from place to place. However, in 25% of these samples, allergen levels exceeded the proposed threshold levels for cat or dog sensitization. The presence of pets was the most significant factor affecting cat and dog allergen levels in the house dust, and other factors, such as the amount of dust collected, residential time, and cleaning habits, had no or only a weak effect on allergen levels.
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PMID:Cat, dog, and house-dust-mite allergen levels of house dust in Finnish apartments. 953 20

One dust sample each month was collected for an average of 11 months throughout the year from the bedroom carpet of 39 mite allergic, asthmatic individuals living in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. Dust samples were collected from a square meter area from the bedroom carpet for 2 min using a portable vacuum cleaner and analyzed using two-site monoclonal antibody assays. The geometric mean of Dermatophagoides allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 levels measured in each individual home was used in the statistical analysis of the results and reflects the average allergen level per year per home. Der p 1 levels were greater than Der f 1 in 21 homes; five homes had between 1.1 and 5 times more; one home had between 5 and 10; and 15 had between 10 and 175. Der f 1 levels were greater than Der p 1 in 18 homes; seven homes had between 1.1 and 5 times more; four had between 5 and 10; and seven homes had between 10 and 44. Spearman rank analysis of the results yielded a negative correlation coefficient (Rho) = -0.213 (p = 0.19) between Der p 1 and Der f 1 levels. These data suggest that when mite allergen levels reach a geometric mean value of approximately 2 micrograms/gram of dust throughout a year, one mite species predominates over the other.
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PMID:Serial determinations of Der p 1 and Der f 1 show predominance of one Dermatophagoides species. 955 16

The prevalence of allergic disease is low in Eastern Europe for reasons that are poorly understood. Our study aimed to investigate the levels of exposure to indoor allergens and living conditions among Estonian infants in relation to sensitization. Dust samples were collected during four winter months in 1993/94 from the homes of 197 infants participating in a prospective study of sensitization. Information about living conditions was collected through a home visit and interviewing the mothers when the children were 6 weeks old. Three dust samples were collected from each home; i.e., from the infant's mattress, bedroom floor, and living-room carpet. The levels of allergens were determined by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies. The highest allergen level in a home was regarded as the peak value. The peak geometric mean values (+/-SD) of Der p 1 and Der f 1 were 0.3 (0.07-1.4) microg/g dust, of Can f 1, 0.86 (0.23-3.12) microg/g dust, and of Fel d 1, 0.1 (0.01-0.9) microg/g dust. In 12 homes (9%), the peak value of house-dust mite (HDM) allergens exceeded 2 microg/g dust, with Der p 1 as the dominating allergen. Multivariate analyses indicated that high levels of HDM allergens were more common in apartments that were on the ground floor or first floor, that were heated with stoves, and/or that had a dampness problem. The mean allergen levels at home were similar in children sensitized to HDM (n=17, 0.29 vs 0.3 microg/ g dust), dog (n=5, 0.55 vs 1.06 microg/g dust, and cat (n=18, 0.21 vs 0.09 microg/g dust) and in children who were not sensitized to these allergens. Most of the sensitized children were exposed to relatively low allergen levels at home; i.e., below 1 microg/g dust. This level was exceeded in the homes of 4/17 mite-, 5/18 cat-, and 0/5 dog-sensitized children. The similar levels of the major indoor allergens in Estonia and in Scandinavia indicate that the large differences in atopy prevalence among children and young adults in the two regions are not due to differences in allergen exposure. No allergen threshold level for sensitization was identified.
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PMID:Indoor allergen levels and other environmental risk factors for sensitization in Estonian homes. 957 81

Previous studies of schoolchildren in Costa Rica have shown an asthma prevalence of 23% and a high level of sensitization, particularly to mite allergens. As a continuation of these studies, some 400 dust samples were collected from various places in Costa Rica, and parts of these were analyzed for specific mite and cockroach allergens, as well as for the number of mites and amount of guanine. Guanine was quantified by a diazo, as well as an HPLC method, which were found to be highly correlated. The concentrations of guanine by the diazo method, Der p 1, Der f 1, and the number of mites were higher in bed dust than in bedroom floor dust, and it was possible to quantify mite allergens and guanine in almost all bed-dust samples. The mean levels were 2-3 times higher than the proposed risk level for elicitation of symptoms in mite-sensitive asthmatics. Bed and bedroom floor dust contained more guanine and mite allergen in humid (> 2000 mm rain) than in drier places (P < 0.05), but the number of mites in bed and bedroom floor dust was higher in less humid places (P = 0.01). The guanine content in bedroom floor dust was higher in areas with a temperate climate than in areas with a warmer climate (P < 0.001, Bartlett's chi square [BCS]), as was the number of mites (P < 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis [KW], 0.04, BCS) and the Der p 1 concentration (P = 0.01, BCS; P = 0.02, KW). The Der f 1 concentration in bedroom floor dust was higher in a warmer than in a temperate climate (P < 0.001, BCS). More guanine and mites were found in urban than in rural bed dust (P = 0.03, KW). Dust samples from the metropolitan area (temperate climate) of Costa Rica contained higher levels of guanine (P < 0.01) and Der p 1 (P = 0.07) than the coastal areas, but very little Der f 1. In these samples, guanine and Der p 1 allergen were closely related, and 2 micrograms of the allergen was equivalent to 0.49 mg of guanine. Two-thirds of bed and floor samples collected on cotton filters contained Bla g 2 allergen at mean levels of 1.6 and 2.1 units/g dust, respectively. Cockroach allergen was, however, absent in all bed samples from the metropolitan area, but did occur in very high concentrations in the coastal bed dust samples collected with tighter polyester filters. In conclusion, the concentration of guanine and Der p 1 was very high in the bed dust of Costa Rican homes. Some factors, such as humidity, small houses for large families, and type of bedding, probably favored the heavy mite infestation, which is probably related to the widespread occurrence of bronchial asthma in this country.
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PMID:Guanine, mite, and cockroach allergens in Costa Rican homes. 963 9

Allergic reactivity to house-dust mites (HDM) can be detected in patients with atopic eczema by prick and patch test challenge. To determine the clinical relevance of this reactivity, we performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of anti-HDM measures. Active treatment comprised Gortex bags for all the bedding elements, a high-powered vacuum cleaner, and a spray containing benzyl alcohol and tannic acid to kill mites and denature allergens. Placebo treatment was light cotton bags, a cheap vacuum cleaner, and water spray. Forty-eight patients (28 active group) completed the trial, which lasted 6 months. Dust was sampled from the mattress surface and bedroom and living-room carpets before and at monthly intervals after institution of the measures. Dust was weighed and Der p 1 determined by ELISA (ALK). Patients were assessed for area and severity of eczema by a blinded observer. There was a highly significant reduction in bed surface dust - most beds yielded insufficient dust to extract and assay. Carpet Der p 1 levels were reduced to similar minimal levels by both active and placebo treatments (about 250 ng/m2). There were highly significant benefits on the eczema scores, the active treatment being greatly superior to placebo (P< or =0.0006; analysis of covariance). In conclusion, Gortex bed bags were highly effective at containing dust within the bed. This was associated with clinical improvement in most patients with atopic eczema - the biggest improvements were seen in the most severely affected subjects.
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PMID:Mite elimination--clinical effect on eczema. 1009 18


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