Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: DrugBank:APRD00080 (Leaf)
 21,685 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Body weight and metabolic level in growing chickens. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1977, 28 (6): 575-583. In the investigations carried out on 128 White Rock chicken the metabolic level was determined under standard conditions in chickens characterising by different growth rate resulted from different feeding levels. It was shown that the feeding level of growing chicken has an essential influence on the character of the regression between the metabolic level and body weight. It was also found that this regression is not necessarily ot the character of Kleiber's function H = aWb. The differences in the metabolic level between the chickens maintained on different feeding levels did not disappear even after 4 days of starvation. In the light of the obtained results and recent investigations by other authors the usefulness of the so-called metabolic unit of the body size based on W0.75 in context to growing animals within one species has bee criticized.
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PMID:Body weight and metabolic level in growing chickens. 61 42

Sugar absorption is increased in rats with a bile fistula but approaches normal values with the addition of bile salt. It has therefore been suggested that bile salts have a physiological role in decreasing intestinal absorption of monosaccharides. In experiments using rats, jejunal and ileal uptake of arbutin, a glucose analogue was increased 5 days after creating a bile fistula but normal by the 10th day after operation. Bile fistula rats ate only about one third of the intake of normal rats in the first 5 days after operation. Control animals fed the same amount as the bile fistula group showed a similar increase in jejunal and ileal arbutin uptake. In both groups, on the 5th post-operative day, addition of taurocholate depressed arbutin uptake towards normal. In normal rats, taurocholate depressed arbutin uptake in the ileum but not the jejunum. These results suggest that increased monosaccharide uptake in bile fistula rats is related to semi-starvation and is not a specific effect of bile salts.
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PMID:Intestinal transport of monosaccharide after biliary diversion in the rat. 70 18

Experiments were carried out with a total of 60 layers of the White Plymouth Rock breed acclimatized to a temperature regime of 15 degrees C and a relative air humidity of 60 per cent and raised under zoohygiene conditions that met the requirements of the industrial technology for the production of eggs. The following temperature and moisture regimes of the air were tested in the course of seven days in a climatic chamber of the Zootron type: I--20 degrees C and 70 per cent; II--24 degrees C and 70 per cent; III--28 degrees C and 50 per cent; and IV--33 degrees C and 50 per cent. The birds of the control group were kept at 15 degrees C and 60-70 per cent relative air humidity. At the end of the first 24-hour period and the end of the seventh 24-hour period the birds were killed after a 12-hour starvation regime in order to determine the tryptophane content in the liver, blood serum, and heart muscle. It was found that under the Ist and IInd regime the amount of tryptophane in the organs studied was higher. The third and fourth regimes led to a dependable decrease in the content of tryptophane in these organs.
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PMID:[Changes in the tryptophan content in the body of layers under the effect of an environmental temperature-humidity regimen]. 94 91

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (ACP, EC 3.1.3.2), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, EC 2.6.1.2) were measured in the mucosal homogenates of the duodenum, jejunum and caecum of full-fed (control), starved and refed White Rock Cockerels. Starvation caused a significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) increase in the activity of ACP in all three segments of the intestine. Subsequent re-feeding brought the activity back to the control level. In contrast ALP activity fell in the duodenum during starvation and was partially restored by refeeding. In the jejunum and caecum the ALP activity decreased during starvation and was fully restored by re-feeding only in the caecum. ASAT activity increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) during the entire period of starvation in all three segments. Re-feeding failed to decrease the enzyme activity within 48 hours. Starvation caused a reduction (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the activity of ALAT and re-feeding did not increase the activity in the duodenum and jejunum. The caecum showed no change in the activity during fasting.
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PMID:The activities of phosphatases and aminotransferases in the epithelium of the small intestine and caecum of white rock cockerels during starvation. 255 Nov 9

Sugar uptake systems in Neurospora crassa are catabolically repressed by glucose. Synthesis of a low K(m) glucose uptake system (system II) in Neurospora is derepressed during starvation for an externally supplied source of carbon and energy. Fasting also results in the derepression of uptake systems for fructose, galactose, and lactose. In contrast to the repression observed when cells were grown on glucose, sucrose, or fructose, system II was not repressed by growth on tryptone and casein hydrolysate. System II was inactivated in the presence of 0.1 m glucose and glucose plus cycloheximide but not by cycloheximide alone. Inactivation followed first-order kinetics with a half-time of 40 min. The addition of glycerol to the uptake medium had no significant effect on the kinetics of 3-0-methyl glucose uptake, suggesting that the system was not feedback inhibitable by catabolites of glycerol metabolism.
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PMID:Regulation of sugar transport in Neurospora crassa. 557 33

Freeze-fracture and optical diffraction techniques were used to study the organization of the Euglena pellicle during the normal and replicative stages of the cell cycle and during vitamin B12 starvation. It was shown that the diffuse layer underlying the tripartite structure has a fibrillar structure. Despite the absence of homology in the 2 fracture faces of the pellicle, the EF striated and the PF particulate ones appear complementary as shown by optical diffraction studies; it must therefore be considered as a true membrane. The grooves are free from such particles and striations. They appear as a specific pattern of the cortex, different from the ridges in their structural organization and their replicative capacity as observed during vitamin B12 starvation. This notion is confirmed by the mode of pellicular growth which is characterized by 2 steps. The first occurs during the early replicative stage (pre-mitotic phase of the cell cycle) when the formation of a new ridge is correlated with the appearance of the 'minor' orientation of a 2-dimensional lattice on the EF and the PF faces and the spread of the particles over the PF face of the space between the old ridges. The second takes place during the lengthening of the ridges from the initiating posterior side (non-replicative stage). During this second step, the 'major' orientation of the lattice is preferentially observed in control cells and exclusively in starved cells. The striking differences between the grooves and the ridges is discussed, as well as the 2 modes of growth and their significance in morphogenesis.
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PMID:Euglena plasma membrane during normal and vitamin B12 starvation growth. 676 33

Adult female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were collected in a church attic in North East, Cecil County, Md. Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) containing organochlorine pollutants were fed to the bats as follows: 5 bats were dosed at 480 ppm DDE, 12 at 150 ppm DDE, 5 at 1000 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB; Aroclor 1260), and 12 at 15 ppm PCB. Seven other bats were fed untreated mealworms. The objective was to elevate brain levels of DDE and PCB to lethality and measure these concentrations. During 40 d of dosage, one DDE-dosed bat and two PCB-dosed bats died after exhibiting the prolonged tremor that characterizes organochlorine poisoning. After dosage, surviving bats were starved to elevate brain levels of toxicants, and three additional DDE-dosed bats had tremors before dying. The mean brain concentration of DDE diagnostic of death was estimated as 603 ppm, range 540-670 ppm. This mean is 16-18% higher than means for Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and may indicate less sensitivity. Lethal brain concentrations of Aroclor 1260 were 1300 and 1500 ppm. Such values appear to be higher than values (Aroclor 1254) for brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). During starvation, DDE-dosed bats lost weight about 24% faster than controls. If smaller amounts of stored DDE cause increases in metabolic rates of nonfeeding bats, as during hibernation or migration, the result could be premature energy depletion and increased mortality.
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PMID:Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): lethal brain concentrations. 679 Jul 23

Freeze-substitution electron microscopy of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells starved in distilled water was conducted to define ultrastructural counterparts of actin visualized by fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin (Rh-ph). Starvation in distilled water caused remarkable changes in actin distribution and ultrastructural changes in S. pombe. Fluorescence microscopy of the starved cells showed that the dots of actin at the growing ends became thick actin cables via an enlarged patched form of actin. These changes were reversible, and growth-arrested cells resumed their original pattern of actin distribution upon return to growth medium. Electron microscopy of starved cells showed bundles of thin filaments and clusters of filamentous balls in the cytoplasm, which corresponded to the actin cables and enlarged actin dots, respectively, as seen by fluorescence microscopy. Vesicles polarized at the growing cell ends were dispersed in the cytoplasm by distilled water treatment, indicating that actin organization plays a role in directing vesicle location.
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PMID:Changes in the distribution of F-actin in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by arresting growth in distilled water: correlative studies with fluorescence and electron microscopy. 802 62

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is modified on serine 36 by the covalent posttranslational attachment of 4'-phosphopantetheine from coenzyme A (CoA), and this modification is required for lipid biosynthesis. Jackowski and Rock (J. Biol. Chem 258:15186-15191, 1983) reported that upon depletion of the CoA pool by starvation for a CoA precursor, no accumulation of the unmodified form of ACP (apo-ACP) was detected. We report that this lack of apo-ACP accumulation results from decreased translation of the acpP mRNAs because of the limitation of the synthesis of glutamate and other amino acids made directly from tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
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PMID:The apparent coupling between synthesis and posttranslational modification of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is due to inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis. 862 36

In plants, sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression. A large set of genes are either up- or down-regulated by sugars; however, whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear. In the present study, the rice (Oryza sativa cv Tainan 5) cell culture was used as a model system to address this question. Sucrose and glucose both played dual functions in gene regulation as exemplified by the up-regulation of growth-related genes and down-regulation of stress-related genes. Sugar coordinately but differentially activated or repressed gene expression, and nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA half-life analyses revealed regulation of both the transcription rate and mRNA stability. Although coordinately regulated by sugars, these growth- and stress-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated through hexokinase-dependent and/or hexokinase-independent pathways. We also found that the sugar signal transduction pathway may overlap the glycolytic pathway for gene repression. alpha-Amylase and the stress-related genes identified in this study were coordinately expressed under sugar starvation, suggesting a convergence of the nutritional and environmental stress signal transduction pathways. Together, our studies provide a new insight into the complex signal transduction network and mechanisms of sugar regulation of growth and stress-related genes in plants.
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PMID:Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth- and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms. 1116 Oct 45


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