Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: CAS:80-08-0 (DSS)
 2,544 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Using human mononuclear leucocytes as target cells, we have investigated the bioactivation of dapsone (DDS) to a cytotoxic metabolite in the presence of microsomes from nine human livers. Values for NADPH dependent toxicity ranged from 8.8-27% (15.8 +/- 5.9%) and were similar to those for microsomes from control mice, 16-24% (19.0 +/- 4.8%). 2. Microsomes prepared from mice induced with either phenobarbitone or beta-naphthoflavone did not produce significantly more NADPH dependent toxicity than microsomes prepared from control mice. 3. Cytotoxicity was abolished not only by ascorbic acid, but also by sub-physiological concentrations of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione. 4. DDS was metabolised in vitro to a hydroxylamine (metabolic conversion 3.1 +/- 1.5%), which was oxidised further to a cytotoxic metabolite which also became irreversibly bound to protein.
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PMID:Bioactivation of dapsone to a cytotoxic metabolite by human hepatic microsomal enzymes. 259 Jun

From 1981 to 1983 all multibacillary patients presenting at the collaborating centres in Zaire and Rwanda were treated with one of the following regimens: 6 months supervised daily RMP 600 mg, ETH 500 mg and DDS 100 mg or CLO 100 mg followed by 6 months unsupervised daily DDS 100 mg or CLO 100 mg with ETH 500 mg added or not. These regimens gave rise to hepatotoxicity, reversal and erythema nodosum leprosum reactions as described previously. Bactericidal activity was excellent. Among the 289 patients in the trial, with a mean follow-up period of 3.88 years, no relapses were observed, with an upper 95% confidence limit of 0.35 per 100 person years. Because of the hepatotoxicity, alternative short-course therapies need to be tested.
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PMID:Combined regimens of one year duration in the treatment of multibacillary leprosy--II. Combined regimens with rifampicin administered during 6 months. 267 60

All dental restoratives exhibit some microleakage. Recent studies disclosed that oxalate salts were superior to Copalite varnish in reducing dentinal permeability, but inferior in reducing microleakage. This study compared the effectiveness of a potassium oxalate solution (DDS) with three other cavity liners (Copalite, Cavi-Line, Prisma Universal Bond) and a no-liner control in reducing microleakage under amalgam restorations. Under the conditions of this study, DDS solution was significantly effective in reducing microleakage under amalgam restorations.
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PMID:Evaluation of potassium oxalate as a cavity liner. 268 97

The effect of cancer chemotherapy on dapsone (DDS) N-acetylation was explored in 28 patients with various malignancies. There was a significant (P = 0.01) increase in plasma monoacetydapsone/dapsone (MADDS/DDS) ratios within 24 h of the start of chemotherapy (CT), indicating an acceleration of N-acetylation.
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PMID:Effect of cancer chemotherapy on dapsone N-acetylation in man. 271 61

Humoral responses in M. leprae infected mice were studied through 52 weeks and were found to be directly related to the bacterial load. However, treatment with dapsone (DDS) in the last 12 weeks of infection resulted in an initial enhancement of the humoral responses followed by a gradual decrease, though they were still significantly high at the end of the study.
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PMID:Humoral immune responses in dapsone treated M. leprae infected mice. 274 24

Since 1970, when the lifelong monotherapy with dapsone (DDS) in leprosy could be replaced by short-term combination therapy with rifampicin + isoniazid + protionamide + DDS (Isoprodian-RMP), chemotherapeutic research was faced with two problems: (1) to find alternative treatment regimens for cases of intolerance, and (2) to work out forms of therapy allowing a further reduction of the average treatment time of 2 years. The present paper describes the attempts made to find solutions to these problems. With two new combinations, alternatives have become available, and the average treatment time is shortened to 6 months. Both combinations are also effective in tuberculosis.
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PMID:New forms of multidrug therapy for the treatment of leprosy. First report for the practice on rifampicin + sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim + protionamide and rifampicin + sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim + isoniazid. 275 69

In the present paper the 'serial combinations' (components of the combination offered separately), as used in conventional combination therapy, are compared with the 'integrated complex combination' (offered as fixed combinations). So far, three combinations have been worked out on the basis of this concept (RMP + SMZ + TMP + INH; RMP + SMZ + TMP + PTH; RMP + INH + PTH + DDS). They allow successful treatment of almost all mycobacterial infections and diseases (including tuberculosis and leprosy) and a number of infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms and by Pneumocystis carinii.
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PMID:Integrated complex combinations for the treatment of opportunistic infections in AIDS. 276 61

The methods currently employed to monitor self-administration of dapsone have been evaluated by comparing the results of the qualitative spot test and quantitative DDS/creatinine ratio test. Random urine samples of 242 leprosy patients, periodically attending the Leprosy Clinic were tested. Although a good correlation between the results of the two tests was evident, the DDS/creatinine ratio technique appeared to be more sensitive than the spot test. The concentration of DDS and its metabolites in urine specimens found to be negative by the spot test, ranged from 3.32-12.37 micrograms of DDS/mg creatinine. The spot test was found to be more specific and stays to be the method of choice, when rapidity and reproducibility are the prime objectives, and sensitivity can be marginally compromised. Acidification of urine prior to the spot test was found to be desirable to rule out false negative and false positive reactions.
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PMID:Dapsone drug compliance study among leprosy patients: a comparison between qualitative and quantitative methods. 276 85

It is widely known that Daylight film handling has yielded several benefits to diagnostic radiology, that is, reduction in exam duration, thus improving both efficiency and productivity; space saving in departments, by minimizing darkroom spaces; improved working conditions for the staff. This paper reports on the study of the application of a Daylight system to mammography. For this purpose, the authors used an X-ray unit (Senographe 500 T-CGR) and a Dupont Daylight unit, whose diagnostic yield was compared to that of "vacuum" and cassettes units. The results of our experience confirmed the well-known advantages DDS yields to diagnostic radiology. In particular, the use of Daylight rather than vacuum system allowed a considerable reduction in exam duration (10 to 2 minutes). Moreover, the new Dupont screen-film system allowed a reduction in average whole breast dose by about 28% if compared to the conventional recording system employed in our department. Mammograms with high contrast resolution, sensitivity, and good spatial resolution were thus obtained, as shown in the analysis of quality image. The Daylight system allowed a marked improvement to be made in efficiency, productivity, and organization, as well as a reduction in whole breast dose and high-quality mammographic images.
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PMID:[The use of the Daylight System in mammography]. 278 Oct 54

Dendrodendritic synapses occur between granule cell dendrites and secondary dendrites of mitral cells within the olfactory bulb and are attainable in a subcellular fraction (DDS). Since the mitral cells are thought to utilize an excitatory amino acid as a neurotransmitter, we determined the pharmacologic specificity of Na+-independent L-[3H]glutamate binding to fresh membranes of DDS in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.1. Binding of L-glutamate to membranes of DDS was specific, Cl(-)-dependent, and saturable. Scatchard plots were analyzed by nonlinear regression analyses using the computer program LIGAND, and the data was best-fitted to a one-site model with KD of 0.56 +/- 0.04 microM and an apparent Bmax of 48 +/- 5 pmol/mg protein. Hill plots also indicated the presence of one site and no cooperativity (nH = 0.99 +/- 0.03). However, the relative effectiveness of several compounds in inhibiting L-glutamate binding to membranes of DDS clearly demonstrated the presence of more than one site. Electrophysiological studies suggest that 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) is a potent antagonist of evoked responses elicited by stimulation of mitral cell axons and that quisqualate is a potent agonist; both of these compounds were highly effective inhibitors of L-glutamate binding to DDS membranes. APB displaced about 70% of the sites labeled with 200 nM L-glutamate with a KI of 1.6 microM, whereas quisqualate inhibition of L-glutamate binding yielded a line that was curvilinear in the Scatchard plot and was resolved into two sites of relatively high affinity (KI values of 0.02 and 0.65 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chloride-dependent binding sites for L-[3H]glutamate on dendrodendritic synaptosomal membranes of rat olfactory bulb. 287 9


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