Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: CAS:80-08-0 (DSS)
 2,544 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This presentation reports the results of a short clinical trial with DADDS in 23 patients of lepromatous leprosy. Injections of DADDS administered intramuscularly in a dose of 225 mg every 70 days produced clinical regression noticeable earliest at few week after the secondn injection. A fall in the morphological index from 5.0 to 0.6 was observed in patients who had received from 3 to 7 injections. Erythema nodosum leprosum was encountered in 7 cases, four of which had moderate to severe grades of reaction. It is advisible to discontinue further injection of DADDS if initial signs of ENL are noticed, which are likely to occur after the second injection. These ENL responded well to the usual line of antireaction treatment. DDS level in blood was found to be more than 10 ng/ml before the fresh administration of DADDS upto the seventh injection, representing the period of follow-up in this study.
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PMID:Clinical trial of DADDS in lepromatous leprosy. 79 7

In 22 lepromatous Filipino patients receiving their first injection of 225 mg acedapsone (DADDS), dapsone (DDS), and monoacetyl DDS (MADDS) were present in plasma in approximately equal quantities. Peak levels of parent drug, DDS, and MADDS occurred between 22 and 35 days. The half-times of disappearance (T1/2) from plasma were 43 days for DDS and MADDS and 46 days for DADDS. Acetylator phenotyping with sulfamethazine (SMZ) and DDS showed that 17 patients were rapid and 5 patients were slow acetylators. Correlations between acetylation of SMZ and DDS after DDS and of acetylation of DDS after DDS and DADDS were highly significant. However, acetylation of DDS after DADDS did not differentiate the patients into acetylator phenotypes. The T1/2 of DDS after DDS in the patients was directly related to the minimum levels of DDS at 77 days after DADDS treatment. These minimum levels were 8-fold higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DDS for Mycobacterium leprae in mice and rats, but not all patients responded satisfactorily. No relationship could be demonstrated between the bacteriologic response and any of the pharmacologic parameters examined in these Filipino patients. In a companion study, minimum levels of DADDS, MADDS, and DDS were determined in 447 leprosy patients of all disease types from the Karimui District of Papua New Guinea who had been receiving 225 mg DADDS every 70 to 80 days for the past 5 years. All patients exhibited DDS levels above the MIC of DDS for M. leprae, no significant differences in plasma sulfone levels were found among disease types, no relationship between rate of healing in paucibacillary patients and sulfone levels were found, and type of response in multibacillary patients and sulfone levels were unrelated. No substantial accumulation of the sulfones in the Karimui patients receiving continuous therapy with DADDS for 5 years was indicated from a comparison with the levels in the Filipino patients following a single injection of DADDS.
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PMID:Acedapsone treatment of leprosy patients: response versus drug disposition. 84 74

Dapsone/Creatinine in urine ratios were determined in statistically randomised samples of 965 leprosy patients attending out-patient department of Acworth Leprosy Hospital and 44 inmates of the Hospital. The percentage of irregularity in DDS treatment was found in 43 and 22.6 respectively in out-patients and inmates of the Hospital. The need to assess the possible response for irregularity in treatment is stressed and the hazard of infectious cases remaining without treatment or with incomplete treatment is pointed out.
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PMID:Regularity of dapsone intake by leprosy patients attending urban treatment centre. 90 87

Bacterio-negative leprosy cases become inactive in a short period under regular and adequate DDS treatment and this period is shorter in females. The progress is uneventful and is not influenced by factors like age, extent of disease, deformity status etc. The risk of relapse in bacterio-negative leprosy cases is not high though it increases with passing of time. The risk of relapse tends to be higher in cases with extensive disease.
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PMID:Inactivation and relapse in bacterio-negative cases of leprosy under sulphone therapy: a 4 1/2 years follow-up. 102 1

This study using the dapsone/creatinine (D/C) ratio was undertaken to find out how many of the patients attending the Village Clinics were actually taking the DDS tablets. The Urine D/C ratio was estimated in 35 patients who were receiving a supervised daily dosage of either 50 or 100 mgs of DDS. The D/C ratio was also estimated in 100 out patients who were on either 50 or 100 mgs of dapsone. It was determined that 72% of this group had taken DDS in the previous 24 hours. It was also seen that the 55 patients who were receiving 100 mgs of DDS had taken 79.3% of their dapsone dosage, and the 45 patients receiving 50 mgs of DDS had taken 96% of their dosage.
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PMID:An evaluation of the self administration of DDS in Gudiyatham Taluk. 102 2

84 patients of leprosy including 15 female patients were treated with Clofzimine on a predetermined dosage regimen. 76 of these were cases of recurrent lepra reaction; 4 cases of proven DDS resistance, 3 of these being complicated by lepra reaction; and 4 were cases of reactional state in Borderline leprosy near the lepromatous end of the spectrum. The common side effect in all cases consisted of red and dark skin pigmentation of varying intensity occuring within 10 weeks of the commencement of therapy. The intensity of the colour was proportionate to the density of the infiltration. Ichthyosis occurred in 66.6% of cases. While the pigmentation was accepted by the patients in general, 10% of the patients considered ichthyosis as stigmatising. While side effects like anorexia, diarrhoea, enlargement of lymph glands and liver, corneal xerosis and loss of weight were self correcting, severe gastrointestinal manifestation, i.e. severe abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea were observed in 9 patients, 5 of whom were females. Mortality was high in the females. On an incidental finding the Isonizair reduced the severity of the manifestations, it was supplemented in 10 cases on Clofazimine therapy and was found to minimise the side effects and the pigmentation due to Clofazimine. Hydration therapy for the ichthyosis and instillation of normal saline and liquid paraffin for corneal xerosis were found to be very useful.
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PMID:Side effects of clofazimine therapy. 102 10

The immune status of various leprosy patients was evaluated by using a micromethod to evaluate lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In our study, whole blood was used and the degree of response to PHA stimulation was expressed in terms of unit volume of blood. A markedly decreased response to PHA stimulation was noted in patients with active lepromatous leprosy. Patients with active lepromatous leprosy who have been proved drug (DDS) resistant showed less response than did those of drug sensitive patients with active lepromatous disease, while the patients with active lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) showed higher response than did those of patients with no complicated ENL. Comparing the results obtained to those obtained using other methods for T cell analysis indicates that these results reflect the number of T lymphocytes in the leprosy patient. Thus, this simple method is of value in assaying the presence and responses of T lymphocytes in the leprosy patient.
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PMID:Leprosy XII. Quantitative analysis of thymus-derived lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin in leprosy. 108 99

Acedapsone (DADDS), a repository sulfone given by injection five times a year, has been used since 1967 for the treatment of all leprosy patients in the Karimui, an area of diffic-lt access. More than 460 patients have been treated, 336 beginning in November 1967 and continuing through the latest assessment 6 years later. The injections have been well received and they have been administered very regularly. Clinical observations were begun before 1967, as a base-line of assessments was available for the patients whose disease appeared before that time. The response to DADDS therapy has been satisfactory except in 5 of the 28 multibacillary patients in whose smears solid-staining Mycobacterium leprae have reappeared. M. leprae was isolated in mice from three of these patients; one strain has been proven to be completely susceptible to dapsone (DDS), and the other two very probably are. DDS levels in the plasma of these five patients were normal and well above the minimal inhibitory concentration. The most probable explanation is that a few viable M. leprae survived in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of DDS for the 4 to 6 years during which dead bacilli were disintegrating and disappearing from the tissues. The other 23 multibacillary patients responded satisfactorily. The decrease in the number of M. leprae in the skin smears has been most prompt in patients with low initial bacterial loads and in those with borderline lepromatous diagnoses. A high initial bacterial load and a fully lepromatous diagnosis were associated with a slow initial loss of M. leprae in the 1st year, followed by a more rapid loss the next year. All of the multibacillary patients have now been treated by the addition of a 90-day course of rifampicin.
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PMID:Acedapsone (DADDS) treatment of leprosy patients in the Karimui of Papua New Guinea: status at six years. 109 96

A series of pilot studies are presented utilizing mouse and human infections with M. leprae and mouse infections with M. lepraemurium relating to the previously reported finding that hyaluronic acid seems to be a major nutrient substrate for these bacilli. The "feeding" of hyaluronic acid to the bacilli enhanced the growth of M. leprae in mouse abdominal walls and increased the Morphologic Index of M. lepraemurium infection. Saccharic acid, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase previously reported as present in these leprosy bacilli, caused marked regression of advanced M. lepraemurium infection, inhii. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), also an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, given at a level of 1.5 gm/day for 4.5 months to one lepromatous patient without other treatment and for up to 24 months to four other lepromatous patients receiving DDS, was accompanied by lesion regression and changes in bacillary morphology similar to those seen in the inhibitor treated mice. If these observations are confirmed the possible use of beta-glucuronidase inhibitors as a useful adjunct to other leprosy therapy is raised as is also the likelihood of developing new therapies.
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PMID:Acid mucopolysaccharide metabolism in leprosy. 3. Hyaluronic acid mycobacterial growth enhancement, and growth suppression by saccharic acid and vitamin C as inhibitors of beta-glucuronidase. 109 16

To define the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dapsone (DDS) for Mycobacterium leprae in rats, we determined the relationship between dietary and plasma levels of DDS in uninfected male and female Lewis rats. This knowledge was applied to the design of experiments using rats inoculated in the footpads with M. leprae. The MIC for DDS in male and female rats, respectively, was 1.5 to 4.0 ng and 1.8 to 3.0 ng of DDS/ml of plasma, even though the sexes exhibited markedly different concentrations of DDS when receiving the same dietary level of DDS. These values for the MIC of DDS for M. leprae in rats are nearly identical to the previously determined MIC of DDS for M. leprae in mice.
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PMID:Minimal inhibitory concentration of dapsone for Mycobacterium leprae in rats. 110 76


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