Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: CAS:80-08-0 (DSS)
 2,544 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report is based on data obtained from 64 lepromatous cases. Despite many years of DDS monotherapy, the homogenates from biopsies of these patients revealed 10(4) or more bacteria. From the beginning of combination therapy with synergistic-acting substances (rifampicin + isoprodian (INH + PTH + DDS) the logarithms of the number of bacteria in the homogenates decreased, both during treatment period and during treatment-free observation period (Figs. 3--8). During the whole time biopsies were taken almost monthly. A considerable regression of the bacterial mass or even "negativity" could be observed within a relatively short time. Once started, the process of reduction of bacteria continued also after termination of therapy. To be able to evaluate a medication, therapy-free observation periods (for a minimum of 5 years) are indispensable.
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PMID:Combined therapy in leprosy. Background and findings. 65 79

In an effort to restore oxidant-dependent capabilities to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), we studied a dapsone derivative, 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS-NOH), known to generate H2O2. After incubation of CGD PMN with 0.2 and 1.0 mM DDS-NOH for 30 min, the rate of glucose-1-14C oxidation via hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt increased 2--4-fold and that of iodination of ingested zymosan particles 1.5--2.7-fold. Both effects could be further enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD) but inhibited by catalase. In three patients, 0.2 mM DDS-NOH improved in vitro killing of Staph. aureus. DDS-NOH 0.02 mM induced capping of Concanavalin A (Con A) receptor complexes suggesting interference by the drug with microtubule-associated function. Thus, optimal concentrations of DDS-NOH may be employed as an oxidant to improve metabolic and bactericidal functions of PMN from patients with CGD.
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PMID:Improvement of polymorphonuclear leucocyte oxidative and bactericidal functions in chronic granulomatous disease with 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulphone. 70 42

I.--Treatment with BCG and DDS in lepromatous or borderline patients. II.--Value of BCG added to a prior and long-continued treatment with DDS or rifamipicine. III.--Value of various immunostimulants given previously to a treatment with BCG and chemotherapy. IV.--Value of lysate of Neisseria perflava as an immunostimulant associated with DDS in an initial treatment of lepromatous and borderline patients. V.--Results of a seventeen months treatment of lepromatous and borderline patients with a lysate of Neisseria perflava associated with DDS. The various therapeutic trials reported in these 5 papers demonstrate that hansenian nevritis conventionnally treated may show improvement when an immunostimulant (BCG or bacterial lysate or levamisole) is given either previously or in association with DDS or rifampicine or after such a treatment. It has still been observed that two immunostimulants given simultaneously have no good effect and that this association must be discarded.
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PMID:[Present evaluation of hansenian treatment by association of chemotherapy and immunostimulation (author's transl)]. 72 81

We present a patient with leprosy who developed Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosing type. There are two previous reports describing the combination of leprosy and Hodgkin's disease in a single patient [3, 9]. Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed 14 months after the complete disappearance of mycobacterium leprae from the skin lesions, under treatment with DDS (diamino-diphenyl-sulfone). Hodgkin's disease was treated by irradiation and chemotherapy. Obstructive jaundice developed which resolved under treatment by irradiation of the hilar area of the liver, chemotherapy and hormones. During two years of immuno-suppressive therapy, without DDS, no exacerbation of the leprosy occurred.
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PMID:Development of Hodgkin's disease in a patient with leprosy. 74 13

Four classes of phenolic compounds may be distinguished in ciders: 1. Phenolic acids; 2. Phloretin derivatives; 3. Catechins; 4. Procyanidins. Only the procyanidins can be classed as true tannins and only they make any contribution to the bitterness and astringency of the product. Traditional methods of tannin analysis, however, fail to estimate the procyanidins as a separate group from the other phenolics. It is now possible to isolate the procyanidin fraction from bittersweet ciders by adsorption onto Sephadex LH-20 and then to separate the individual procyanidins by counter-current distribution between ethyl acetate and water. In this way sufficient material may be obtained to allow structural studies, and we can now show that ciders contain a range of procyanidin polymers probably up to heptameric, based mostly on epicatechin. Tasing panel work on these fractions shows that bitterness is predominantly associated with oligomeric procyanidins and astringency with polymeric procyanidins. Analytical chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 in a water-methanol gradient also shows, for instance, the selective loss of up to 20% of organoleptically significant procyanidins during gelatin fining, and the useful gain in procyanidins which can occur with DDS diffuser extraction. These results are important because a certain amount of bitterness and astringency is considered desirable in blended English ciders, but the true bittersweet apples are in very short supply.
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PMID:The analysis of cider phenolics. 75 79

The cold water extraction of apple press residues to increase the juice yield has found much interest in recent years. Such a process has been developed by a Swiss company, but the food legislation does not permit it yet. Juice yield is increased up to 91 p. 100 (w.). Therefore we investigated the chemical and sensorical properties of pressed juice, cold water extract of press residues and warm water extract (System DDS) of identical raw material. The water extract differs from the pressed juice mainly by an increased amount of non-sugar extract and changes of the pigment and polyphenole content. The cold water extract had more and the better aroma than the warm extract.
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PMID:[Analytic study of juices obtained by pressure, by cold extraction and warm extraction (the DDS system) of marc from apples of the Golden Delicious variety]. 75 82

In the course of a clinical trial of acedapsone therapy in 17 patients with lepromatous leprosy, the rate of response to therapy was measured by inoculation of mice with Mycobacterium leprae recovered from biopsy specimens of skin lesions obtained before treatment and at intervals of 4, 12, and 24 weeks after institution of treatment. The susceptibility of each isolate of M. leprae to dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone [DDS]) was measured by passaging organisms that had multiplied in mice to new groups of untreated mice and to mice treated with DDS incorporated in the mouse chow in concentrations of 10(-5), 3 x 10(-5), and 10(-4) g/100 ml. The rate of response to acedapsone therapy and the susceptibility of patient strains of M. leprae to DDS varied widely among patients. All isolates were inhibited from multiplication by treatment of mice with 10(-4) g of DDS per 100 ml; all but two isolates were susceptible to 3 x 10(-5) g of DDS per 100 ml; and 17 of 36 isolates, representing nine patient strains, were susceptible to 10(-5) g of DDS per 100 ml. Plasma levels of DDS measured in the mice administered these diets show that the minimal inhibitory concentration of DDS for M. leprae isolated from untreated patients is about 3 ng/ml. No relationship could be demonstrated between DDS susceptibility of pretreatment isolates of M. leprae and the rate at which patients responded to acedapsone therapy. Neither acedapsone treatment of patients nor DDS treatment of mice appeared to select genotypically more resistant M. leprae.
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PMID:Susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae to dapsone as a determinant of patient response to acedapsone. 76 67

Suspensions of M. leprae from skin biopsies of patients treated with dapsone (DDS) (four cases), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) (six cases), and ethionamide (ETH) (seven cases), were inoculated into mouse foot pads and their sensitivity for the different drugs determined. Two strains were DDS resistant. Resistance appeared after 13 and 14 years respectively after the start of treatment. Five strains were isolated from patients treated with SMP. Relapses during sulfonamide treatment are considered to be due to the low effective serum concentrations reached by SMP, a situation which is aggravated by irregularities in drug intake. Fortunately all strains were sensitive to SMP and DDS as well. Four strains were ETH resistant. ETH resistance at the present moment reaches 4% and appeared in two cases six years after the start of treatment. It is concluded that SMP is not indicated for the treatment of multibacillary leprosy and that ETH can be used only in association with other drugs during the introductory phase of treatment of multibacillary forms of leprosy.
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PMID:[Sensitivity to dapsone, sulfamethoxypyridazine and ethionamide of mycobacterium leprae taken from patients treated by the drugs]. 77 43

In order to learn whether the neonatally thymectomized Lewis rat (NTLR) infected with Mycobacterium leprae could serve as a model for chemotherapeutic studies in a situation resembling that found in human lepromatous leprosy, NTLR inoculated with M. leprae either locally or intravenously 9 to 16 months earlier were treated for from 1.5 to 8.5 months with dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, DDS) incorporated in the rat chow in the concentration providing the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug for M. leprae and in the 100-fold larger concentration. NTLR were killed at intervals; the M. leprae were counted and passed to mice. Treatment with the smaller dosage of dapsone neither killed M. leprae nor reduced the number of organisms in the bacterial populations, whereas treatment with the larger dosage both killed M. leprae and reduced their numbers. The rate at which the organisms were killed (i.e., rendered noninfective for mice) was much the same as that in patients treated with dapsone in comparable dosage. The dead organisms were removed from the rat tissues at a faster rate than encountered in patients. The NTLR may indeed be suitable for chemotherapeutic studies relevant to man. In addition, the more rapid disappearance of dead M. leprae from the rat tissues may facilitate the study of treatment regimens designed to eradicate persisting viable organisms.
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PMID:Dapsone chemotherapy of Mycobacterium leprae infection of the neonatally thymectomized Lewis rat. 79 12

This report formulates a general concept of the role played by determinant structures in CNS functioning and a related theory of generator mechanism which underlines neuropathological syndromes characterized by hyperactivity of cerebral centers. The theory postulates that due to deficiency of inhibitory mechanisms some populations of neurones become generators of abnormally enhanced excitation. Such generators operate as hyperactive determinant structures (or hyperactive determinant dispatch stations, DDS) inducing pathological changes in various functional systems and determining their behaviour. Formation of hyperactive DDS generating excitation in certain parts of the CNS leads to the appearance of corresponding neuropathological syndromes. This theory was used as a basis for experiments which reproduced pain syndromes of a central origin (including the trigeminal syndrome, the thalamic syndrome and phantom pains) vestibulopathy, photogenous epilepsy, catalepsy, manifestations of parkinsonism, etc. The report describes the characteristics of the generators of abnormally enhanced excitation. Some features of their operation are correlated with the course of the syndromes. Certain problems of pathogenetically oriented therapy are also discussed.
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PMID:[Theory of generator mechanisms in several neuropathologic syndrome]. 79 94


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