Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: CAS:7440-70-2 (calcium)
 333,191 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the binding of labeled [125I]troponin C (TnC) to troponin I (TnI) and troponin (TnT) immobilized on a polyvinylchloride matrix, the Ca-dependent formation of interprotein bonds in the cardiac troponin complex and the effects of various drugs on the above reaction were studied. It has been found that in the absence of Ca2+ the dissociation constant, Kd, for the TnC-TnI complex in equal to (2.5 +/- 1.03).10(-7) M. In the presence of Ca2+ the number of binding sites increases twofold; the Kd value for the bonds formed thereby is (1.74 +/- 0.18).10(-7) M. The complex is stable to the effect of 5 M urea. TnC binding to immobilized TnT is nonspecific and is completely abolished by an addition of 5 M urea. DPI 201-106 used at concentrations up to 10(-3) M does not affect the Ca-dependent binding of TnC to TnI; trifluoperazine inhibits this interaction by 60%, whereas substance 48/80 inhibits the reaction by 50% when used at a concentration of 210 micrograms/ml. It is supposed that the compounds interacting with TnC affect, primarily, the cation-binding properties of troponin. These compounds can also inhibit the formation of interprotein bonds but only when used at much higher concentrations.
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PMID:[The effect of calmodulin inhibitors and the new cardiotonic drug DPI 201-106 on the formation of interprotein bonds in the cardiac troponin complex]. 222 99

Desmosomes are major intercellular junctions found in association with intermediate filaments in epithelial, cardiac and arachnoidal tissue. Desmoplakins I and II (DPI and II) are highly related proteins localized in the innermost part of the desmosomal plaque and are candidates for linking intermediate filaments (IF) to the desmosomal complex. While investigators agree that DPI is present in all epithelia, they disagree on the distribution of DPII. Some have reported DPII to be restricted to stratified tissue and have furthermore suggested that the expression of DPII may be linked to stratification. We have compared the expression of DPI and II at the mRNA and protein levels in cell lines derived from simple, transitional and stratified epithelia. Northern blot analysis revealed DPI and II mRNA to be present in all cell lines as well as simple and stratified epithelial tissues. However, DPII mRNA could not be detected in cardiac muscle tissue. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation demonstrated the presence of DPI and II in all cell lines at the whole-cell protein level as well as in association with cytoskeletal fractions. Immunofluorescence staining was used to correlate the biochemical findings with the localization of DPI and II. While most cell lines exhibited typical intercellular and in many cases cytoplasmic DP staining, T24 cells exhibited predominantly diffuse and dotty cytoplasmic staining. In addition, we investigated whether changes in DPI and II expression occurred following calcium-induced cell contact formation and stratification in the human pharyngeal cell line, FaDu. No significant changes in mRNA or whole-cell protein levels were observed during a period of 5 days following the calcium switch. However, immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in DPI and II levels in the insoluble protein pool during desmosome formation. These observations indicated a possible recruitment of soluble DPI/II into an insoluble pool after induction of desmosome assembly by the calcium switch, consistent with earlier reports for MDCK cells. In summary, our results suggest that the expression of DPII is not strictly linked to stratification or differentiation; however, the apparent absence of DPII mRNA from cardiac muscle suggests it may not be a constituent of all desmosomes.
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PMID:Desmoplakin II expression is not restricted to stratified epithelia. 227 92

DPI 201-106 (DP) is a new cardiotonic agent. In experiment on cats anaesthetized with chloralose/urethane, it lowered blood pressure and caused peripheral vasodilatation at doses between 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, infused i.v. Furthermore, DPI lowered heart rate and increased coronary blood flow (measured with tracer microspheres). The mechanism of this vasodilator action was investigated in experiments in vitro using rabbit aorta. DPI inhibited depolarization-induced contraction. The effect was strongly dependent on the contact time. The pIC50 (-log IC50) values for 15 min, 1, and 2 h pretreatment were 4, 5.2, and 5.7, respectively. 45Ca2+ uptake into rabbit aorta was inhibited by DPI with pIC50 values of 4.3, 5.1, and 5.7, respectively, for the pretreatment periods indicated above. The excellent agreement between effects on tension development and calcium uptake suggests that the mechanism of vasodilatation observed in vivo is related to calcium antagonism.
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PMID:Mechanism of the vasodilator effects of the cardiotonic agent DPI 201-106. 241 9

In rabbit papillary muscles, potentiating paired stimulation was used as a standard positive inotropic intervention. Pairs of depolarizing electrical stimuli were applied, equal in strength and with a coupling interval of the functional refractory period plus 10 msec. After five successive pairs at a basic driving rate of 0.5 Hz, maximum potentiation amounting to a two- to threefold increase in the contraction amplitude was reached. The potentiating paired stimulation was rapid in both onset and reversibility and was reproducible. Potentiating paired stimulation is sparing since internal Ca2+ pools are utilized to increase force. Using potentiating paired stimulation-induced increase in force of contraction as a new reference, the following order of potency of positive inotropic agents was obtained: ouabain greater than DPI 201-106 greater than IBMX greater than APP 201-533. Effects of these drugs on rested-state contractions and frequency-force relationship were also investigated.
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PMID:Potentiating paired stimulation of cardiac muscle in vitro as positive inotropic reference standard. 242 91

The positive inotropic effect of DPI 201-106 has been studied in isolated, electrically driven papillary muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WK). The positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline (Iso) and Ca2+ was studied for comparison. The maximal positive inotropic effect of Iso was less in SHR than in WK. In SHR, DPI 201-106 more effectively increased force of contraction than Iso. The positive inotropic effects of DPI 201-106 and Ca2+ were not different in SHR and WK. The EC50 values of DPI 201-106, Iso, and Ca2+ did not differ in either group. Furthermore, adenosine and carbachol reduced the positive inotropic effect of Iso but failed to exert a negative inotropic action when force of contraction has been increased with DPI 201-106. The isoprenaline-antagonistic effect of adenosine and carbachol was not different in SHR and WK. We conclude that DPI 201-106 might be an effective positive inotropic agent in states in which adrenergic function is compromised. The lack of inhibition by adenosine or m-cholinoceptor agonists could contribute to the effectiveness of the compound to increase myocardial force of contraction.
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PMID:Positive inotropic effect of DPI 201-106 in spontaneously hypertensive rats: lack of inhibition by adenosine and cholinergic agents. 245 50

The cardiotonic agent DPI 201-106 was investigated for its effects on (a) contractile force in guinea pig left atria, (b) membrane currents in isolated guinea pig cardiac myocytes, and (c) [3H]nitrendipine binding in guinea pig cardiac membranes. The compound elicited a positive inotropic effect in normally polarized (5.9 mM extracellular KCl) and a negative inotropic effect in partially depolarized (20 mM KCl) isolated, electrically stimulated left atria. This decrease in contractile force was probably caused by inactivation of the fast Na+ inward current and concomitant blockade of the inward Ca2+ current. The blocking effect on Ca2+ channels was directly shown in voltage-clamp experiments using isolated cardiocytes. Further evidence for interaction of DPI 201-106 with Ca2+ channels was obtained from the [3H]nitrendipine binding studies. Thus, Ca2+ antagonism contributes to the complex pharmacologic profile of DPI 201-106, and is probably responsible for the bradycardia and lowering of systemic vascular resistance observed in vivo.
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PMID:Interaction of the cardiotonic agent DPI 201-106 with cardiac Ca2+ channels. 245 53

1. External Ca2+ block of Na+ channels was studied by a gigaohm-seal patch clamp technique in single cardiac ventricular cells from guinea-pig. Single-channel currents were recorded from cell-attached patches. 2. Increasing external Ca2+ concentrations in the patch pipette from 0.1 to 20 mM reduced the single-channel conductance of normal Na+ channels from 27 to 14 pS without causing flickering (obtained from linear regression, eight patches). 3. Exposed to external Ca2+ concentrations of 20 mM, the single-channel currents decreased at potentials negative to -60 mV in spite of an increased driving force for inward Na+ currents. 4. An external concentration of 35 mM-Mg2+, which is supposed to exert a screening of surface charges nearly equal to that of 20 mM-Ca2+ (Hille, Woodhull & Shapiro, 1975), reduced the single-Na+-channel conductance only from 26 (1 mM-Mg2+) to 20 pS (linear regression, eight patches). A weaker voltage-dependent block at potentials negative to -50 mV was observed in 35 mM-Mg2+ than in 20 mM-Ca2+. Therefore, surface charge effects cannot explain the obvious reduction of the conductance of single Na+ channels found when the external Ca2+ concentration was increased. 5. Single Na+-channel currents increased with an increase in the external Na+ concentration [( Na+]o) but showed saturation. The Na+o-single-channel current relationship could be described by i = imax/(1 + kd/[Na+]o) with imax = 5.4 pA and kd = 359 mM (seventeen patches). 6. The mean open time of Na+ channels varied between 0.18 and 0.59 ms (potentials between -80 and -20 mV). No significant changes in the mean open time could be obtained when Ca2+ was varied between 0.1 and 20 mM. 7. The piperazinylindole compound DPI 201-106 was used as a tool to prolong the open time of single Na+ channels. If the external Ca2+ concentration was increased from 0.1 to 20 mM the currents through the modified channels were reduced. The reduction of single-channel currents was accentuated at potentials negative to -60 mV (20 mM-Ca2+) similar to the control channels. 8. In contrast to non-modified Na+ channels, the mean open time of DPI 201-106-modified channels proved extremely voltage and Ca2+ dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Calcium block of guinea-pig heart sodium channels with and without modification by the piperazinylindole DPI 201-106. 245 94

Experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of DPI 201-106 on human heart muscle. In both control and myopathic muscles, DPI produced concentration-dependent increases in action potential duration, resting muscle tension, peak isometric tension, and duration of isometric tension. These changes were associated with increases in resting intracellular calcium and peak calcium transients as measured by aequorin. At higher concentrations of DPI, a second delayed Ca2+ transient (L') appeared. L' was inhibited by tetrodotoxin and ryanodine, suggesting that DPI acts at both the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. DPI toxicity was manifested by after-glimmers and after-contractions reflecting a Ca2+-overload state: DPI effects were mimicked by veratridine, a Na+ channel agonist, and reversed by tetrodotoxin, yohimbine, and cadmium, Na+ channel antagonists. These results suggest that DPI acts primarily as a Na+ channel agonist. DPI may produce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ by increasing intracellular Na+ and altering Na+-Ca2+ exchange across the sarcolemma. DPI may also increase intracellular Ca2+ by directly altering sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling.
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PMID:Role of intracellular sodium in the regulation of intracellular calcium and contractility. Effects of DPI 201-106 on excitation-contraction coupling in human ventricular myocardium. 246 May 3

This article reviews the relation of cardiac cellular Na+ load and increased force of contraction. Digitalis glycosides and naturally occurring Na+ channel activators are considered. DPI201-106 was described as the first synthetic organic molecule with cardioselective Na+ channel-activating properties and investigated in clinical studies. Its pharmacology is reviewed. DPI 201-106 prolongs the open state of cardiac Na+ channels. This effect represents the primary mechanism of its positive inotropic effect. The involvement of cAMP is excluded. Ca2+ antagonistic and local anaesthetic effects are assumed to contribute advantageously to the pharmacodynamic profile of DPI 201-106. Chemically and pharmacologically related to DPI 201-106 is the new compound SDZ 210-921 for which original results are presented. It is concluded that DPI 201-106 represents the lead structure of a new class of cardiotonics with selective cardiac Na+ channel activation. DPI 201-106 and related compounds may serve as promising tools in the investigation of cardiac Na+ channel-gating dynamics, in addition to their therapeutic potential.
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PMID:Cardiac Na+ channel activation as a positive inotropic principle. 247

Intense efforts during the last decade to identify a useful positive inotropic agent to replace digitalis for the treatment of congestive heart failure have led to the discovery of several dozen potential substitutes, of which a number are currently undergoing clinical trials. In addition to producing a variety of new therapeutic entities, research in this area has also yielded valuable new information regarding the fundamental events that regulate calcium homeostasis and contractile function in the cardiac cell. For example, several of these new inotropic agents, including the calcium-channel stimulator BAY-k 8644, the sodium-channel stimulator DPI-201-186, and the sodium-calcium exchange inhibitor dichlorobenzamil, have provided considerable insight into the role of sodium and calcium in regulating contractility and the molecular events that mediate potential-dependent ion channels. Likewise, the discovery and development of agents like imazodan, amrinone, enoximone, and other selective type III phosphodiesterase inhibitors have provided new information regarding multiple molecular forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, compartmentation of cyclic AMP, and the importance of soluble vs. membrane-bound phosphodiesterases.
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PMID:New mechanisms for positive inotropic agents: focus on the discovery and development of imazodan. 248 22


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