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Query: CAS:7440-70-2 (calcium)
 333,191 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 16 baboons, reproducible bronchograms could be achieved by inhalation of 400--800 mg of powdered calcium ioglycamic acid. Anesthesia, tracheal intubation, or premedication were not necessary. In patients and volunteers, the inhalation of the contrast medium dust caused strong cough. Local anesthesia allowed inhalation for about 10 minutes, which resulted in successful demonstration of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea with bifurcation. Lobular and segmental bronchi were demonstrated only after a longer inhalation time. The contrast medium was completely eliminated and did not cause any recognizable adverse reaction. Nonspecific inflammatory reaction of the bronchial mucosa was seen microscopically in baboons.
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PMID:Inhalation bronchography using powdered calcium ioglycamic acid. 10 59

In the former report on he calcium requirement in Small-for Date (S-f-D) infants it was observed that the ability of calcium absorption of S-f-D infants is lowered in 1-st semester of life. From this point of view it seemed purposeful to study the influence of 3 modified cow's milk formulas (see table) on the calcium absorption in S-f-D infants. Modification of these diets in regard to cow's milk depended on: 1) partial replacement of cow's milk fat with soya oil. 2) change of the proportion between fat and protein. 3) partial replacement of milk casein with lactoalbumin . The infants were divided into 3 groups G, H and C according to the kind of diet. Observation in the first 2 groups lasted for the whole first year of life, C group of infants was observed only in 1-st half year of life. In the first month of life G and H infants were fed the same unmodified cow's milk formulas (diet S) 3-day balance-studies. Were carried out once a month. The data of these 3 groups of infants were compared with each other and the data of S-f-D infants fed unmodified cow's milk formulas (group S) described in he former report. In group S, calcium intake was the highest in 1-st and in 2-nd semester of life among all compared infant groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The lowest (%) absorption was noted in group G infants (fig. 2, table III and IV). The difference was statistically significant in 1-st semester of life between group G and S and in 2-nd semester between G and S as well as G and H groups. Calcium retention mg/kg was also the lowest in group G infants, and the difference was statistically significant in 1-st and in 2-nd semester between G and S groups. The infants fed H formula in spite of the lowest indices of calcium absorption % and retention mg/kg in the first (see table) and the second month of life and in spite of the lowest intake of calcium among all compared infants groups cough up absorption (%) and retention (mg/kg b.w.) with groups S in 2 semester of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Calcium requirement in infants with intrauterine dystrophy (ID). Report II. Effect of differentiated diets with regard to quantity and quality of protein and fat on the calcium balance in infants with intrauterine dystrophy]. 26 38

During the last 12 years, 30 cases of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica have been diagnosed at the Department of Otolaryngology of Kuopio University. Ten of these were accidentally revealed by bronchoscopy, 2 by autopsy, but 18 were revealed through a systematic examination. Ten of these 18 were preliminarily diagnosed by indirect laryngoscopy. The average age for women was 51 and for men 42, the youngest patient being 11 and the oldest 71 years of age. The characteristic symptoms were long-term recurrent cough, hoarseness and periodic expectoration. The sputum was frequently abundant and crusty, and sometimes contained streaks of blood. Shortness of breath was a common symptom, but there were often entirely asymptomatic periods. The disease begins with a persistent purulent tracheitis, which, probably owing to calciphylaxis, causes accumulation of calcium salts in the tracheal mucosa. Cartilage and bone later develop around these accumulations. In most of the cases of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica in the present series, the condition was associated with atrophic rhinitis or pharyngitis. As the nasal disease improves, some regression may occur, though hardly healing. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism was not disturbed, and no immunological aberrations were found in any of the patients in this series.
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PMID:Tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica. A clinical study of thirty cases. 40 93

With the availability of a wide selection of antihypertensive drugs acting by different mechanisms, it should be possible to match the requirement of individual patients with the pharmacological and clinical properties of an appropriate agent. Although the concept of stepped-care therapy is now largely outdated, therapy must be initiated with one agent. Diuretics remain a first-choice option in the elderly and in Black patients, as do calcium antagonists. In patients with ischaemic heart disease or enhanced adrenergic drive, beta-blockers are preferred. Calcium antagonists or ACE inhibitors are finding increasing use as initial therapy when quality of life is important and metabolic neutrality is required. The choice of antihypertensive agent may be limited by adverse effects, e.g. pedal oedema with nifedipine, constipation with verapamil, and cough with ACE inhibitors. Certain advantages are evident for both calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors. Calcium antagonists are more likely to be effective first-line therapy than ACE inhibitors in Black patients, in those with a high salt intake, in patients with Raynaud's disease, and when angina pectoris is present. ACE inhibitors are preferred for use in combination with diuretic agents, and in the presence of congestive heart failure or low salt intake. Combination therapy between these 2 drug classes is finding increasing acceptance because of its many theoretical advantages, and may provide a means of maximising benefit.
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PMID:Choosing the correct drug for the individual hypertensive patient. 128 79

Enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor usually administered orally once daily, decreases blood pressure by lowering peripheral vascular resistance without increasing heart rate or output. It is effective in lowering blood pressure in all grades of essential and renovascular hypertension. Patients not responding adequately to enalapril monotherapy usually respond with the addition of a thiazide diuretic (or a calcium antagonist or beta-blocker), and rarely require a third antihypertensive agent. Enalapril is at least as effective as other established and newer ACE inhibitors, and members of other antihypertensive drug classes including diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and alpha-blockers, but therapy with enalapril may be less frequently limited by serious adverse effects or treatment contraindications than with other drug classes. The most frequent adverse effect limiting all ACE inhibitor therapy in clinical practice is cough. This favourable profile of efficacy and tolerability, and the substantial weight of clinical experience, explain the increasing acceptance of enalapril as a major antihypertensive treatment and supports its use as logical first-line therapeutic option.
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PMID:Enalapril. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in hypertension. 137 19

The effects of Ca2+ channel antagonists on the capsaicin-induced cough reflex in guinea pigs were studied. Intraperitoneal injection of nifedipine, verapamil and flunarizine in doses that ranged from 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg decreased the number of coughs in a dose-dependent manner. These Ca2+ channel antagonists exhibited antitussive effects in the following order of potency: flunarizine = verapamil greater than nifedipine. Pretreatment with a low dose of nifedipine (0.3 mg/kg), which by itself had no significant effect on the number of coughs, markedly increased the antitussive effects of morphine, dihydrocodeine and dextromethorphan. These data suggest that Ca2+ channels play an important role in the regulation of the cough reflex.
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PMID:Antitussive effects of Ca2+ channel antagonists. 155 40

Two cases of broncholithiasis, removed bronchoscopically, are reported. Case 1 was a 38-year-old female who was admitted with hemoptysis. The chest tomogram showed calcification near the right middle lobe bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed a broncholith in B4. Component analysis showed that more than 98% of this stone consisted of calcium carbonate. Case 2 was a 75-year-old male who was hospitalized because of continuous cough. The chest radiograph showed calcification and atelectasis in the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopically, right B3 was obstructed by a broncholith. After removal of the stone, the distal part of B3 was noted to be filled with pus. Analysis of the stone's composition revealed calcium phosphate (77%) and calcium carbonate (23%).
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PMID:[Two cases of broncholithiasis removed by bronchofiberscopy]. 156 30

A 46-year-old man was admitted to Oita Medical College Hospital on October 16, 1987, because of cough and sputum. Chest X-ray and chest CT films showed diffuse reticulonodular shadow. The specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed cysts of pneumocystis carinii. Abnormal lymphocytes with lobulated nuclei were found 2-7% of peripheral leucocytes. The anti HTLV-I antibody was positive. According to these data, we diagnosed the patient as smoldering adult T cell leukemia with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The abnormal shadow on chest X-ray disappeared after SMX-TMP and pentamidine treatment. After about 1 year, he was again admitted for high fever. Chest X-ray showed infiltration with cavity in right upper lobe. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the sputum. The infiltration shadow on chest X-ray disappeared after antibiotics treatment. However, multiple nodular shadow appeared on the chest X-ray and ATL cell infiltration was found in the specimens of transbronchial lung biopsy. ATL cells in peripheral blood also increased and serum LDH and Calcium levels were markedly high. According to these data, we diagnosed the patient as having a ATL crisis. Although chemotherapy for ATL was started, the ATL, cell infiltration shadow on the chest X-ray enlarged, and bilateral diffuse patchy shadows was appeared on the chest X-ray. He died of respiratory failure on April 26, 1989. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia and ATL cell infiltration were revealed by necropsy.
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PMID:[A case of smoldering adult T-cell leukemia complicated by various pulmonary infections]. 166 67

In the present study we evaluated the effects of ruthenium red, a blocker of transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes, on bronchoconstriction and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity induced by different stimuli in the isolated perfused guinea-pig lung. Vagal stimulation (1 Hz, 1 min), capsaicin (10(-8) M, 10(-6) M), resiniferatoxin (3 x 10(-10) M), nicotine (10(-4) M), bradykinin (5 x 10(-6) M) and histamine (10(-5) M) evoked bronchoconstriction and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity overflow. Ruthenium red (5 x 10(-6) M) almost completely inhibited the bronchoconstriction and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity overflow induced by capsaicin and resiniferatoxin but did not influence the effects induced by vagal nerve stimulation, nicotine, bradykinin or histamine. The 20-deacetylated derivative of resiniferatoxin (ROPA), which lacks the homovanillyl ester group, did not evoke release or bronchoconstriction. Ruthenium red (3 x 10(-4) M) aerosol attenuated the cough induced by nebulized citric acid in conscious guinea-pigs. Citric acid-induced coughing is mediated via capsaicin-sensitive neurons. However, cigarette smoke-induced coughing, which involves capsaicin-resistant mechanisms, was not affected by ruthenium red. In conclusion, ruthenium red selectively inhibits the capsaicin, resiniferatoxin and citric acid-induced excitation of the sensory nerves as revealed by calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity release, bronchoconstriction and coughing, suggesting that these agents share a common mechanism of action.
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PMID:Selectivity of ruthenium red in inhibiting bronchoconstriction and CGRP release induced by afferent C-fibre activation in the guinea-pig lung. 171 14

We report a case of hydatid cyst of diaphragma in a 70 year-old male, who was admitted to hospital in emergency for right basithoracic pain, aggravated by cough and deep breathing. Laboratory tests were normal. Standard roentgenographs showed a right-sided subpulmonic opacity. Pleural aspiration fluid revealed hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Lung scintigraphy showed and hypoperfused area at the base. Abdominal echography evidenced an hepatic cyst referred to the diaphragma. Thoracoabdominal CT-scans indicated a calcium-loaded mass on the postero-lateral aspect of the right lobe of liver. Surgical exploration revealed an independent hepatic cyst localized in the latero-costal bundles of the diaphragma which was removed en masse.
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PMID:[Hydatid cyst of the diaphragm. Apropos of a case]. 202 77


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