91224990-10	It is very likely that these domains	bind	megakaryocyte-specific nuclear proteins acting as positive transcription factors .
	96413288-4	RARs specifically	bind	all-trans-retinoic acid ( RA ), 9- cis-RA , and retinoid analogs .
	97128276-3	The germline promoters ( Ko ) located upstream of the J region gene segments of the kappa locus also contain an octamer motif (containing a single base pair mutation and referred to as the variant octamer) which has been shown previously to	bind	Oct- 1 and Oct-2 transcription factors in vitro.
	97048062-10	The last 13 amino acids containing a PXQXT/S sequence are highly conserved in human and simian EBV LMP1 but do not	bind	TRAF3 , suggesting a distinct role for this conserved region of LMP1 . The conserved TRAF3 binding sites in LMP1 and the CD30 Hodgkin's disease marker provides further evidence that a TRAF3 -mediated signal transduction pathway may be important in malignant transformation .
	92255823-4	Here, Stuart Schreiber and Gerald Crabtree review recent findings that indicate CsA and FK506 operate as prodrugs : they	bind	endogenous intracellular receptors , the immunophilins , and the resulting complex targets the protein phosphatase , calcineurin , to exert the immunosuppressive effect .
	97115792-8	The ZAP-70 mutant studied here could be phosphorylated on tyrosine when associated to the TCR zeta chain and was able to	bind	p56(lck) .
	96293454-3	By using a DNA sequence selected for its ability to	bind	recombinant BCL-6 in vitro, we show here that BCL-6 is present in DNA-binding complexes in nuclear extracts from various B-cell lines .
	92052214-5	This zinc-finger region , which is thought to	bind	DNA in a sequence-specific manner , is similar (greater than 80% on the amino acid level ) to two previously described transcription factors pAT 225/EGR1 and pAT 591/EGR2 .
	94119067-4	A highly conserved 19-bp element located immediately 5' of the human GM-CSF TATA box ( bp -34 to -52 ), herein called purine box 1 ( PB1 ), has been shown to	bind	a T-cell nuclear protein complex and to be required for transcriptional induction of the GM-CSF gene following T-cell activation .
	92186836-1	TI - cis-acting sequences required for inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function	bind	a novel Ets-related protein , Elf-1 .
	92038993-4	Here, we show that v-erbA and c-erbA	bind	directly to sequences within the promoter of the erythrocyte-specific carbonic anhydrase II ( CAII ), a gene whose transcription is efficiently suppressed by v-erbA .
	93300824-6	Purified recombinant Jun and Fos proteins failed to	bind	directly to the NFAT motif .
	91101115-3	Here we show that the response of the HIV-1 LTR may be governed by two independent sequences located 5' to the site of transcription initiation sequences that	bind	either NFAT-1 or NF kappa B .
	97083501-3	Since it is known that PGE2 is able to increase cAMP levels , we investigated whether it can affect gene expression through the activation of the transcription factors which	bind	enhancer elements in the promoter regions of cAMP -regulated genes.
	91224990-9	Two domains centered at positions -345 and -540, respectively,	bind	proteins that are present in megakaryocytic cells and nonrelated cells as well. Finally, two other domains, located at positions -460 and -510, interact with proteins that are only present in megakaryocytic cells . In addition, deletion of the region containing these two domains results in a significant decrease of the promoter activity.
	93281652-3	To determine whether the defect in the patient's T lymphocytes involved a trans- acting factor common to the affected lymphokine genes , we examined the ability of nuclear factors from the patient's T lymphocytes to	bind	response elements present in the regulatory region of IL2 .
	93205400-2	AB - The transactivator HTLV-I Tax activates the promoter of the gene coding for the interleukin 2 alpha-chain receptor ( IL-2R alpha ) via a kappa B site that can	bind	several protein species of the rel family .
	92291523-2	AB - We have described the isolation of chemically induced CEM subclones that express CD4 receptors and	bind	soluble gp120 , yet show a markedly reduced susceptibility to infection with HIV-1 .
	92052243-3	Activation of proenkephalin transcription by JunD is dependent upon a previously characterized cAMP-, phorbol ester- , and Ca(2+)-inducible enhancer , and JunD is shown to	bind	the enhancer as a homodimer .
	91277630-4	Although three sites in the TNF-alpha promoter (kappa 1, kappa 2, and kappa 3) specifically	bind	the transcription factor NF-kappa B in lymphoid nuclear extracts , TNF-alpha mRNA induction by PMA does not correlate with NF-kappa B binding activities displayed by different T and B cell lines .
	97048062-7	Nevertheless, the simian EBV LMP1 s retain most functions in common with EBV LMP1 , including the ability to induce NF- (kappa)B activity in human cells , to	bind	the tumor necrosis factor- associated factor 3 ( TRAF3 ) in vitro, and to induce expression of tumor necrosis factor-responsive genes , such as ICAM1 , in human B lymphocytes .
	92052243-5	As a homodimer JunB is unable to	bind	the enhancer; however in the presence of c-Fos , high-affinity binding is observed.
	97083588-4	In exerting their antiproliferative effects, GCS diffuse into target cells where they	bind	their cytoplasmic receptor , which in turn translocates to the nucleus where it inhibits transcription of cytokine genes through direct binding to the glucocorticoid response elements ( GRE ), which are located in the promoter region of cytokine genes or, alternatively, through antagonism of the action of transcription factors required for optimal transcriptional activation .
	92051383-4	In extracts of induced, Il-2 secreting El4 cells three individual protein factors	bind	to TCEd DNA .
	93180775-3	NF-kappa B is composed of distinct subunits; five independent genes, NFKB1 ( p105 ), NFKB2 ( p100 ), RelA(p65) , c-rel and relB , that encode related proteins that	bind	to kappa B DNA elements have been isolated. We have previously found that NFKB2(p49/p52) acts in concert with RelA(p65) to stimulate the HIV enhancer in Jurkat T-leukemia cells . Here we examine the biochemical basis for the transcriptional regulation of HIV by NFKB2 .
	92031293-4	One is the 21-base- pair (bp) core element that is responsible for trans-activation by the HTLV-I trans-activator p40tax and that has the ability to	bind	to cyclic-AMP responsive element binding factor (CREB)-like factor (s).
	91266912-5	A mutant of KBF1/p50 ( delta SP ), unable to	bind	to DNA but able to form homo- or heterodimers , has been constructed.
	92108417-4	A dimerization cofactor of HNF-1 alpha ( DCoH ) was identified that displayed a restricted tissue distribution and did not	bind	to DNA, but, rather, selectively stabilized HNF-1 alpha dimers. The formation of a stable tetrameric DCoH-HNF-1 alpha complex , which required the dimerization domain of HNF-1 alpha , did not change the DNA binding characteristics of HNF-1 alpha , but enhanced its transcriptional activity .
	93324366-2	AB - A family of transcriptional activating proteins, the GATA factors , has been shown to	bind	to a consensus motif through a highly conserved C4 zinc finger DNA binding domain .
	97098661-1	TI - Elf-1 and Stat5	bind	to a critical element in a new enhancer of the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha gene [published erratum appears in Mol Cell Biol 1997 Apr;17(4):2351]
	97098688-4	TRAF1 , TRAF2 , and TRAF3	bind	to a single site in the LMP1 CT corresponding to amino acids (aa) 199 to 214, within a domain which is important for B- lymphocyte growth transformation (aa 187 to 231).
	94088534-6	Here we demonstrate that both in vitro- translated PU.1 and PU.1 from nuclear extracts	bind	to a specific site in the M-CSF receptor promoter just upstream from the major transcription initiation site .
	92066454-7	However, this factor did not	bind	to a typical AP-1 site . The insertion of multiple copies of the binding site for the former or latter factor into a heterologous promoter reduced the promoter activity to one-tenth or one-third, respectively.
	96305203-9	Gel-retardation experiments show that Spi-B can	bind	to all putative PU.1 binding sites , but do not reveal any preferred Spi-B binding site.
	92013087-1	TI - Nuclear transcription factors that	bind	to elements of the IL-2 promoter .
	97140237-2	AB - Both IL-2 and IL-4	bind	to receptors containing the common gamma chain and JAK3 .
	93269273-7	Our studies demonstrate for the first time that CD3 antigen-derived signals and CD2 antigen-derived signals are synergistic in inducing the emergence of transcription factors that	bind	to the NF-AT1 , AP-1 , and NF-kB sites located in the promoter/enhancer region of the IL-2 gene.
	97051821-5	Multiple factors including Stat5 , Elf-1 , HMG-I(Y ) and GATA family proteins	bind	to the IL-2 response element and mutation of any one of these binding sites diminishes the activity of this element.
	92112059-8	The results also revealed a similar functional cooperation between the transcription factors which	bind	to the Oct and the adjacent Sp 1-binding site in BJA-B cells , as has been observed in HeLa cells , since a template which contains a weak binding site for OTFs expresses wild-type levels of U2 snRNA in both cell types when the weak octamer-binding site is combined with a Sp 1-binding site .
	92051383-7	Purified NF-kB is also able to	bind	to the TCEd , but TCF-1 binds stronger than NF-kB to TCEd DNA.
	96413274-3	In both cases, induction of TNF-alpha gene transcription can be blocked by the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and FK506 , which suggested a role for the NFAT family of proteins in the regulation of the gene in B cells . Furthermore, in T cells , two molecules of NFATp	bind	to the TNF-alpha promoter element kappa 3 in association with ATF-2 and Jun proteins bound to an immediately adjacent cyclic AMP response element (CRE) site .
	96413274-6	Instead, ATF-2 and Jun proteins	bind	to the composite kappa 3/CRE site and NFATp binds to a newly identified second NFAT site centered at -76 nucleotides relative to the TNF-alpha transcription start site .
	91187647-5	All the isoforms retain the previously characterized POU-domain and are therefore able to	bind	to the octamer motif .
	92368408-3	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expression is controlled transcriptionally by the cooperative activity of specific trans- activating factors that	bind	to the IL-2 enhancer.
	97017504-2	AB - Cytokines that	bind	to the interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) receptor common gamma chain ( gamma c ), including IL-2 , IL-4 , IL-7 , IL-9 , and IL-15 , are important for the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes , natural killer cells , macrophages , and monoctyes .
	91170801-9	They	bind	to the kappa B motifs with different relative affinities that may reflect their different contribution in the expression of various promoters .
	94110361-2	AB - Skeletal myogenesis is regulated by a group of transcription factors ( MyoD , myogenin , myf5 , and myf6 ) that are "basic helix-loop-helix" proteins that	bind	to the promoters of muscle-specific genes and promote their expression.
	92066454-1	TI - Identification of transcriptional suppressor proteins that	bind	to the negative regulatory element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 .
	93232271-3	We asked whether dexamethasone ( Dex ) and cyclosporin A ( CsA ) inhibit IL-2 gene transcription by interfering with the activity of nuclear proteins that	bind	to the IL-2 promoter.
	92135145-3	In order to define the roles of these two factors , which	bind	to the same kappa B enhancers , in transcription activation we have prepared somatic cell hybrids between IARC 301.5 and a murine myeloma .
	93105477-4	When occupied by their natural ligands, glucocorticosteroids and catecholamines , these receptors have a role in modulating T-cell function during stress. During the inflammatory response increased levels of PGE2	bind	to their receptors on T cells and thus alter responsiveness.
	96315681-4	The core GGAAs of the muA and muB sites are separated by 30 nucleotides , suggesting that ETS proteins	bind	to these sites from these same side of the DNA helix .
	97131823-5	By competition analysis with transcription factor consensus sequence oligonucleotides and by immunosupershift , transcription factor SP-1 or a closely related protein was shown to	bind	to this regulatory element . The closest match to the known SP-1 consensus sequence within the respective region is a TCCCCTCCCCT motif .
	94025289-8	The two structurally distinct immunophilin-drug complexes	bind	to, and inhibit, the phosphatase activity of calcineurin .
	96323103-8	In contrast, neither E(gre) nor EA/S motifs contributed pronouncedly to Akv MLV transcription in NIH 3T3 cells lacking DNA-	binding	ALF1 or HEB and E2A proteins .
	91114695-6	TCF-1 contained a single DNA-	binding	HMG box most closely related to similar boxes in the putative mammalian sex-determining gene SRY and in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mc mating type gene.
	94280766-6	The activity of DNA	binding	NF-kappa B dimers is tightly controlled by accessory proteins called I kappa B subunits of which there are also five different species currently known in vertebrates .
	94290489-5	Using gel shift assay and peptide synthesis such a mutation is shown to abolish the SRY protein DNA	binding	ability.
	93309430-4	We undertook a detailed analysis of E2F DNA-	binding	activities and their cell cycle behavior in primary human T cells .
	97175274-8	In contrast, the	binding	activities of AP-1 and GATA , on the other hand, are increased by LDL .
	93309430-5	Three E2F DNA-	binding	activities were identified in resting (G0) T cells with mobilities in gel shift assay s distinct from those of previously defined E2F complexes.
	96409274-9	Whereas AP-1 , NF- kappa B, Oct , CREB and SP1 displayed normal	binding	activities in nuclear extracts , the binding of NF-AT to its IL-2 promoter response element was barely detectable both before and after T cell stimulation . Our results strongly suggest that this NF-AT /DNA binding defect is responsible for the multiple cytokine deficiency and the SCID phenotype observed in the two infant brothers .
	93287269-5	Surprisingly, the NF-kappa B and HLP-1	binding	activities were substantially inhibited in acyclovir -treated cells.
	93241941-7	Our results are consistent with the view that the DNA-	binding	activity LEF1/BCF1 is a homodimer of E2A proteins ; the selective appearance of this putative cell-specific transcription factor in B lymphoid cells seems to be attributable, at least in part, to the elevated E2A protein concentrations in these cells.
	93206138-6	Association of the newly synthesized I kappa B alpha with p65 restores intracellular inhibition of NF-kappa B DNA	binding	activity and prolongs the survival of this labile inhibitor.
	96264685-4	The present results show that Jurkat T cells acutely exposed to micromolar concentrations of H2O2 exhibit substantial increases in AP-1	binding	activity and the expression of c-jun but not c-fos mRNA .
	92408021-5	We report here that the HIV-1 -encoded Nef protein inhibits the induction of NF-kappa B DNA-	binding	activity by T- cell mitogens .
	97115684-5	In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays revealed that important NF-kappaB	binding	activity composed of at least p50 , p65 , and c-Rel NF-kappaB subunits was present in nuclei of CD40-stimulated B cells .
	97026428-6	Activation of TGF-beta 2 transcription correlates with the loss of	binding	activity for an 80 kDA glial labile repressor protein , GLRP , to a responsive region within the TFG-beta 2 promoter .
	92156797-2	AB - The effects of human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) infection on cellular differentiation and NF-kappa B DNA	binding	activity have been investigated in a new model of myeloid differentiation.
	93242763-1	TI - HIV-1 Nef protein inhibits the recruitment of AP-1 DNA-	binding	activity in human T-cells .
	93242763-5	We found that Nef inhibited the recruitment of AP-1 DNA-	binding	activity in mitogen- stimulated human T-cells .
	93180775-9	Recombinant I kappa B-alpha( MAD- 3 ) inhibited the DNA	binding	activity of p65 , p49/p65 , and p50/p65 but stimulated the binding of NFKB2 ( p49 ) or NFKB1(p50).
	92408021-6	However, Nef does not affect the DNA-	binding	activity of other transcription factors implicated in HIV-1 regulation, including SP-1 , USF , URS , and NF-AT .
	96320604-9	NF-IL6 mRNA levels were not affected by IL-10 or IL-4 , suggesting that IL-4 affects	binding	activity of preexisting NF-IL6 .
	91292530-5	In vitro translated MAD-3 protein was found to specifically inhibit the DNA-	binding	activity of the p50/p65 NF-kappa B complex but not that of the p50/p50 KBF1 factor or of other DNA-binding proteins .
	93294310-4	Transcriptional activation of the M- CSF gene by IL-2 is preceded by enhanced	binding	activity of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to its recognition sequence in the 5' regulatory enhancer region of the M-CSF gene .
	92001749-7	The purified NF-GM2 consists of 50 ( p50 ) and 65 kDa ( p65 ) polypeptides and has a	binding	activity specific for both the GM-CSF and immunoglobulin kappa (GGAAAGTCCC) enhancers . Electrophoretically purified p50 alone can form a protein-DNA complex , but in the mixture, p50 associates preferentially with p65 to form the NF-GM2 complex .
	93224733-8	The presence of an AP-1 protein in the NF-AT protein complex may regulate NF-AT -	binding	activity through protein-protein interaction .
	97083501-4	Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrated that a short treatment of human T lymphocytes with PGE2 induces specific	binding	activity to CRE and AP- 2 , but not AP-1 , DNA elements.
	97083501-1	TI - Prostaglandin E2 induction of	binding	activity to CRE and AP-2 elements in human T lymphocytes .
	97108656-6	Several forms of EGR-1 protein are found within the different groups of cell lines, and the	binding	activity to DNA consensus sequences was investigated.
	91117203-5	Activation of T lymphocytes induces an NF-kappa B -like	binding	activity to the B2 site, concomitant with activation of the proenkephalin promoter.
	92156797-6	NF-kappa B	binding	activity was inducible by tumor necrosis factor and phorbol myristate acetate in PLB-985 .
	97083501-5	Since the okadaic acid , a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor , prolongs the induction of the	binding	activity, phosphorylation event s are likely to occur.
	91361546-3	Tax expressing T cell lines contained a constitutive level of NF-kappa B	binding	activity, detectable by mobility shift assay and uv cross-linking using a palindromic NF-kappa B probe homologous to the i nterferon beta PRDII site .
	91367666-7	Interestingly, treatment of purified HIV-TF1 by phosphatase greatly reduced its DNA-	binding	activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of HIV-TF1 was essential for DNA binding .
	93321228-6	Analysis of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization suggested that the CD3/TcR-dependent signal transduction was impaired in PMA/Bt2cAMP-treated cells . Remarkably, we observed that these samples displayed a persistent expression of the c-fos protooncogene , associated to an increased AP-1 DNA-	binding	activity, whereas no variations of CREB or NF-kB were detected.
	93292612-4	UT-7 Epo and UT-7 expressed similar levels of GATA-1 mRNA and	binding	activity.
	93241941-6	The detection of this protein selectively in extracts of lymphoid cells correlates with the presence of the E box-	binding	activity LEF1/BCF1 in these cells; this binding activity was previously shown to be efficiently recognized by antiserum directed against E2A gene products. Transfection of cells with full length E2A cDNA leads to appearance of protein co-migrating with the 73 kDa protein on SDS gel electrophoresis and co-migrating with LEF1/BCF1 on mobility shift analysis .
	97025427-5	Accordingly, increased AP-1 DNA-	binding	activity and AP-1 - dependent transcriptional activity were detected exclusively in IL-2 - stimulated cells.
	91094881-7	Furthermore, a mutant E6 motif lost both in vitro	binding	activity and in vivo enhancer activity .
	93157335-7	These inhibitory effects of c- Rel correlate with its DNA-	binding	activity but not with its ability to heterodimerize with p50 , suggesting that c-Rel inhibition involves competition with p50/p65 for occupancy of the kappa B enhancer element. Together, these findings suggest that one function of c-Rel is as a physiologic repressor of the HIV-1 LTR and IL-2R alpha promoters, serving to efficiently counter the strong transcriptional activating effects of p65 .
	92291523-9	Since HIV- 1 long terminal repeat contains two functional nuclear factor kB (NF- kB) regulatory elements , we studied the ability of PMA to induce NF-kB	binding	activity by different assays.
	93300824-3	Electrophoretic mobility shift assays ( EMSA ) showed that specific NFAT	binding	activity could also be induced in human B cells .
	96357043-3	A direct temporal correlation exists between HIV infection and the appearance of NF-kappaB DNA-	binding	activity in myelomonoblastic PLB-985 cells .
	96357043-4	To examine the molecular basis of constitutive NF-kappaB DNA-	binding	activity in HIV1 -infected cells , we analyzed the phosphorylation and turnover of IkappaBalpha protein, the activity of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase ( PKR ) and the intracellular levels of NF-kappaB subunits in the PLB-985 and U937 myeloid cell models .
	94026053-6	We demonstrated, by applying the electrophoretic mobility shift assay , slightly impaired AP-1 DNA	binding	activity in NCL lymphocytes and strong in DS ones .
	92207144-1	TI - Leukotriene B4 stimulates c-fos and c-jun gene transcription and AP-1	binding	activity in human monocytes .
	93136418-1	TI - Interleukin-4 inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of c- jun and c-fos messenger RNA and activator protein-1	binding	activity in human monocytes .
	94026053-1	TI - The impaired transcription factor AP-1 DNA	binding	activity in lymphocytes derived from subjects with some symptoms of premature aging .
	96357043-2	AB - Productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes sustained NF-kappaB DNA-	binding	activity in chronically infected monocytic cells.
	92371447-9	DNA band-shift analysis reveals NF-kappa B	binding	activity in glial cells that differs from that present in T lymphoid cells .
	93153017-8	However, no loss of DNA	binding	activity is observed, presumably reflecting the unique C- terminal domain that is distinct from that present in NF-kappa B p65 .
	92269839-7	In addition, BSAP was found to be the only abundant DNA-	binding	activity of B-cell nuclear extracts that interacts with the CD19 promoter .
	97064186-7	The IL-12 nonresponsiveness of the Th2 clones was further evident by the total lack of IL-12 -induced phosphorylation of STAT4 ( signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 ), a transcription factor that is typically involved in IL-12 signaling . Consequently, IL-12 also failed to induce the DNA-	binding	activity of STAT4 -containing complexes in the nuclei of these Th2 clones .
	91266912-6	This protein reduces or abolishes in vitro the DNA	binding	activity of wild-type proteins of the same family ( KBF1/p50 , c- and v- rel ).
	93266597-3	We have investigated an oxidoreductive regulatory pathway for the DNA	binding	activity of a pleiotropic cellular transcription factor , nuclear factor kappa B ( NF kappa B ), has been investigated by using NF kappa B prepared from the nucleus and the cytosol of the primary human T lymphocytes .
	92368408-7	However, CsA and FK506 inhibit the appearance of DNA	binding	activity of factors that bind to the NF-AT and AP-1 sites in the IL-2 enhancer.
	94107268-9	Pervanadate activated NF-kappa B , as shown by an increase in DNA-	binding	activity of this transcription factor .
	92118719-11	These findings suggest that reduced cysteine thiols play an important role in the DNA	binding	activity of this family of Rel-related transcription factors .
	97126060-7	This protein complex was more abundant in U-937 , K-562 , and HeLa cell extracts than in Raji , HF , BALB/c 3T3 , or HL-60 cells , but the	binding	activity was altered only twofold after TPA treatment.
	92066454-5	Similar DNA	binding	activity was detected in a variety of virus-uninfected human T cell lines and HeLa cells by means of a gel mobility shift assay .
	93281652-6	To ascertain whether the abnormal NF-AT	binding	activity was related to an impaired function, we transfected patient and control T lymphocytes with constructs containing the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ( CAT ) under the control of the entire IL2 regulatory region or of multimers of individual enhancer sequences .
	93289270-2	AB - Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) hormone-	binding	activity was studied by a whole-cell method in mononuclear cells ( MNC ) from peripheral blood of 7 patients during the hemodynamic compensatory phase of sepsis .
	93281652-4	Nuclear factor NF-kB , activation protein 1 ( AP-1 ), OCT-1 , and NF-IL-2B	binding	activity were normal.
	92088960-4	The generation of AP-1 complexes , as measured by DNA	binding	activity , closely parallels morphological differentiation .
	96322726-3	Cell activation resulted in a delayed induction of STAT DNA-	binding	activity , which was sustained for several days, was composed predominantly of Stat1 and Stat3 , and was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D .
	92118719-9	Similarly, covalent modification of free sulfhydryl groups with diamide (reversible) or N-ethylmaleimide (irreversible) results in a complete loss of DNA	binding	activity .
	92001749-6	To elucidate the mechanism of GM- CSF gene activation , we have purified the inducible factor NF-GM2 from the nuclear extract of stimulated Jurkat cells on the basis of specific DNA-	binding	activity .
	96320604-10	Neither IL-10 nor IL-4 inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappa B	binding	activity .
	96320604-6	In electrophoretic mobility shift assays ( EMSAs ) we showed that IL-10 and IL-4 inhibited LPS- induced AP-1	binding	activity .
	96357043-6	Furthermore, the analysis of IkappaBalpha turnover demonstrated an increased degradation of IkappaBalpha in HIV-1 -infected cells that may account for the constitutive DNA	binding	activity .
	96320604-13	Thus, IL-10 and IL-4 similarly affect IL-6 expression. However, for IL-4 this was accompanied with a reduction of AP-1 and NF- IL6	binding	activity whereas IL-10 only inhibited AP-1 binding activity.
	92060325-9	The numbers and	binding	affinities of these receptors could not account for the observed difference in the susceptibility of these cells to functional inhibition by dexamethasone in vitro.
	97132051-5	Peripheral blood mononuclear cell GCR	binding	affinities for dexamethasone and budesonide were also determined for both patient groups by using a radioligand binding assay and Scatchard analysis . RESULTS: Dose-dependent inhibition was demonstrated for all glucocorticoids in both patient groups, with the steroid-resistant group requiring approximately 2 log-fold more glucocorticoids for an equivalent degree of inhibition.
	92317168-3	In this study multiple NF- kappa B related polypeptides ranging from 85 to 45 kDa were examined for their capacity to interact with the PRDII regulatory element of interferon beta and were shown to possess distinct intrinsic DNA	binding	affinities for this NF-kappa B site and form multiple DNA binding homo- and hetero dimer complexes in co-renaturation experiments. Furthermore, using DNA templates containing two copies of the PRDII domain linked to the rabbit beta globin gene , the purified polypeptides specifically stimulated NF-kappa B dependent transcription in an in vitro reconstitution assay as heterodimers but not as p50 homodimers . These experiments emphasize the role of NF-kappa B dimerization as a distinct level of transcriptional control that may permit functional diversification of a limited number of regulatory proteins .
	97132051-9	The GCR	binding	affinity for budesonide was significantly higher in both groups (i.e., lower dissociation constant ) than that obtained for dexamethasone . CONCLUSION: These data suggest that glucocorticoids such as budesonide , by virtue of their high GCR binding affinities and greater ability to suppress lymphocyte proliferation , may therefore be beneficial in the management of difficult-to-control asthma .
	97132051-3	Synthetic glucocorticoids vary in their	binding	affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR).
	97132051-7	In addition, a significant correlation was noted between the degree of inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation ( IC50 ) and the	binding	affinity of dexamethasone to the GCR .
	97128276-4	To further elucidate the role of this variant octamer motif in the regulation of germline transcription from the unrearranged kappa locus , we have quantitated the relative	binding	affinity of Oct-1 and Oct-2 for the variant octamer motif and determined the functional role of this octamer motif in transcriptional activation .
	97103140-6	Further, an inverse relationship was also observed between sterol modulated LDL-receptor gene transcription and the	binding	affinity of this 47 kDa factor to the SRE sequence .
	97119289-4	However, this factor appeared when these CML patients achieved complete haematological remission ( CHR ) through alpha-interferon therapy . Furthermore, an inverse relationship was also observed between the LDL receptor gene expression at the transcriptional level and the	binding	affinity of this 47 kDa protein factor to the SRE sequence .
	94110342-9	The other two SR patients had an abnormally low GR number with normal	binding	affinity that was not limited to T cells .
	97132051-8	Patients with steroid-resistant asthma have been shown to have a reduced GCR	binding	affinity.
	91364264-6	RESULTS: In patients , both total and free plasma cortisol concentrations were higher than in the normal women , as was their urinary free cortisol ; the number of glucocorticoid receptors per cell ( Ro ) and the	binding	affinity ( Kd ) for dexamethasone were, however, not significantly different ( Ro : 7687 +/- 1750 vs 7347 +/- 1285 sites/cell; Kd : 7.7 +/- 2.4 vs 7.4 +/- 1.7 nM at 24 degrees C).
	91325181-6	The	binding	affinity was not different between patients and controls.
	91349414-4	Afternoon ACTH and cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly between the three groups. No relationship could be established between glucocorticoid receptor	binding	and antidepressant medication .
	93114357-3	Here we have therefore examined the effect of the phorbol ester PMA ( phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate ) which stimulates PKC and a combination of the adenosine receptor agonist NECA ( 5'-(N-ethyl)-carboxamido adenosine ) and forskolin to raise cAMP , on the levels of c-Fos and Jun and on the	binding	and transcriptional activity of the transcription factor , activator protein-1 ( AP-1 ).
	93275333-9	The presence of c-fos had a negative influence on GR function and correlated with the cell-specific synergistic or antagonistic activity of Jun with respect to GR ; high basal expression of c-fos as well as AP-1 DNA	binding	and transcriptional activity were observed in HeLa cells , but not in T cells .
	96320558-5	The close homology of the basic region/leucine zipper ( bZIP ) DNA-	binding	and dimerization domain of HLF to that of the CES-2 cell- death specification protein of Caenorhabditis elegans suggests a model of leukaemogenesis in which E2A-HLF blocks an early step within an evolutionarily conserved cell-death pathway .
	92378895-1	TI - Mitogen stimulation of T-cells increases c-Fos and c-Jun protein levels, AP-1	binding	and AP-1 transcriptional activity .
	92378895-9	We conclude that stimulation with mitogenic lectins is sufficient to increase both c-Fos and c-Jun protein levels, AP-1	binding	and AP-1 enhancer activity in Jurkat cells and that they act via mechanisms that could involve the activation of PKC.
	93186822-3	We analyzed the effects of hemin or TPA induction on the	binding	and activity of transcription factors at a regulatory element found within the transcriptional regulatory sequences of many erythroid-specific genes .
	96322726-6	cAMP signaling inhibited Stat1 at several different levels, including suppression of DNA	binding	and down- regulation of Stat1 protein and mRNA levels .
	92378895-2	AB - We have analysed the effect of mitogenic lectins on c-Fos and c-Jun protein levels as well as on activator protein-1 (AP-1)	binding	and enhancer activity in Jurkat T-cells.
	92049367-5	Using this assay system , we have evaluated the contributions of ligand	binding	and heat activation to DNA binding by these glucocorticoid receptors .
	94280766-7	I kappa B proteins inhibit DNA	binding	and prevent nuclear uptake of NF-kappa B complexes .
	92156261-5	We, therefore, examined glucocorticoid receptor characteristics on mononuclear leukocytes by measuring [3H]dexamethasone	binding	and the effect of dexamethasone on [3H]thymidine incorporation , which is one of the effects of glucocorticoid receptor activation.
	91325181-3	We studied glucocorticosteroid receptor density and affinity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the glucocorticosteroid	binding	assay in 33 patients with SLE who had taken no glucocorticosteroid for the previous 6 months and in 32 healthy controls.
	98048869-2	AB - In order to inquire into the functional state of adrenal cortex in patients with pulmonary heart disease , the number of glucocorticoid receptors ( GCR ) of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease was determined with radioligand-	binding	assay and the corresponding plasma cortisol levels were assessed with radioimmune assays .
	92113075-10	Glucocorticoid receptors were investigated in a whole cell dexamethasone	binding	assay in mononuclear leukocytes .
	95104037-2	AB - The number of glucocorticoid receptors ( GCR ) in peripheral leukocytes was determined by radioligand-	binding	assay in extrinsic and intrinsic asthmatics.
	96347533-7	Second, a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) affinity-	binding	assay showed that the interaction of holo- TFIIA with GST-Tax was 20-fold higher than that observed with either the GST-Tax M32 activation mutant or the GST control.
	93259462-8	DNA-	binding	assays with cotranslated wild-type and truncated forms of EBF indicated that the protein interacts with its site as a homodimer .
	94110361-3	We have previously shown that after a mutation of Leu122 to Arg the DNA	binding	basic domain of MyoD confers c-myc-like functional characteristics to the protein.
	96315681-7	Circular permutation and phasing analyses demonstrated that PU.1	binding	but not TFE3 or Ets-1 bends mu enhancer DNA toward the major groove .
	92049367-10	DNA	binding	by in vitro synthesized GR was blocked by the addition of sodium molybdate to the receptor preparations before steroid addition and thermal activation .
	92118719-8	DNA	binding	by all four of these Rel-related factors is blocked by selective chemical modification of lysine and arginine residues , suggesting that both of these basic amino acids are required for binding to the kappa B element .
	93294310-5	Moreover, using a heterologous promoter ( herpes thymidine kinase ) construct containing the NF-kappa B consensus sequence, it is shown that NF-kappa B	binding	by an IL-2 -induced monocyte-derived nuclear protein confers reporter gene (human growth hormone) activity.
	93259462-7	Analysis of DNA	binding	by deletion mutants of EBF identified an amino-terminal cysteine-rich DNA- binding domain lacking obvious sequence similarity to known transcription factors .
	92107162-6	Synergistic transactivation of the BMRF1 promoter by the Z/c-myb combination appears to involve direct	binding	by the Z protein but not the c-myb protein.
	96387353-5	In previous studies, we identified calcineurin mutations that block	binding	by the cyclophilin A / CsA or FKBP12 / FK506 complexes and thereby render yeast cells resistant to the antifungal effects of CsA or FK506 .
	91364264-5	MEASUREMENTS: The	binding	capacity and affinity of the glucocorticoid receptors were measured with dexamethasone as ligand on lymphocytes .
	95201644-8	The dissociation constant ( Kd ) and maximum	binding	capacity ( MBC ) of the NT3R values were log transformed to minimize between-subject variability.
	92049367-7	Treatment with dexamethasone or the antiglucocorticoid RU486 had no additional effect on the DNA-	binding	capacity when receptor preparations were maintained at 0 C (no activation).
	93152894-3	We have investigated the protein	binding	characteristics and functional importance of the ACT-1-activating region of the IL-3 promoter.
	97113352-8	Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that MS-2beta and MS-2gamma interact with nuclear factors that are induced during U937 differentiation . These factors are detected at the time the CD11b promoter is activated. The molecular mass of these factors is approximately 28 kDa , and their DNA	binding	characteristics are indistinguishable from those of the novel nuclear factor MS-2 .
	95201644-3	To study the response of the nuclear T3 receptor ( NT3R ) in this condition,	binding	characteristics were analyzed in human mononuclear leukocytes ( MNL ).
	94076456-11	On the basis of the molecular weight, DNA-	binding	characteristics, and in vivo transactivation activity , we suggest that the previously identified DRE 1 -binding protein, p37 , is YB-1 .
	94119067-7	In addition, we identify a major PB1 nuclear protein-	binding	complex that is not present in resting peripheral blood T cells but is rapidly induced following T-cell activation .
	92052106-4	In THP-1 cells with restricted HIV expression , there is an absence of DNA- protein	binding	complex formation with the HIV-1 promoter-enhancer associated with markedly less viral RNA production.
	93155114-10	Fos proteins are not needed for this reconstitution, and although JunB is not functional, it can participate in the NF-AT DNA	binding	complex .
	96413233-6	In the presence of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 , cellular activation associated with stimulation of such a progression appears to be sufficient for the up- regulation of VDR message and protein and necessary for the establishment of VDRE	binding	complexes and the induction of 24- hydroxylase message.
	93280143-4	Here we show that LPS induces nuclear expression of c-Rel/p50 heterodimers as well as p50/p65 ( NF-kappa B ) kappa B DNA-	binding	complexes in human monocytic THP-1 cells .
	97031178-5	VitD3 induction resulted in the formation of VDR /RXR DNA-	binding	complexes on both VitD3 response elements and RA response elements ( RAREs ).
	92052106-8	Thus, both NF-kappa B-	binding	complexes are needed for optimal viral transcription .
	96264681-3	Gel mobility shift and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that in addition to activating STAT3 ( signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 ) and STAT5 , IL-2 induced tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT1 alpha , which formed IFN-gamma-activated sequence-	binding	complexes by itself and with STAT3 .
	96264681-6	In NK3.3 cells , IL-2 induced comparable formation of c-fos promoter sis-inducible element IFN-gamma-activated sequence-	binding	complexes containing STAT3 alone with complexes containing STAT3 and STAT1 alpha , while in preactivated primary NK cells , it preferentially induced complexes containing STAT3 and STAT1 alpha .
	94110603-9	Furthermore, R24 treatment resulted in translocation of c-rel , but little or no NF kappa B p50 or p65 , from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and an increase of NF kappa B	binding	complexes containing c-rel and p50 .
	91366165-12	PMA induction increases the level of a number of specific	binding	complexes relative to the resting cells .
	97066996-4	In all cells tested, IL-10 activated Stat1 and Stat3 and induced the formation of three distinct DNA	binding	complexes that contained different combinations of these two transcription factors .
	97031178-7	Several DNA-	binding	complexes were detected on RAREs in undifferentiated cells .
	94110342-3	The current study examined whether alterations in glucocorticoid receptor ( GR )	binding	contribute to poor response to glucocorticoid therapy in asthma.
	94088534-7	Mutations in this site which eliminate PU.1	binding	decrease M-CSF receptor promoter activity significantly in macrophage cell lines only.
	93253031-4	We hypothesize that a mutation of the hGR glucocorticoid-	binding	domain is the cause of cortisol resistance .
	92186836-6	We therefore screened a T-cell cDNA library under low- stringency conditions with a probe from the DNA	binding	domain of Ets-1 and isolated a novel Ets family member , Elf-1 .
	96413288-5	In this study, we examined the functional role of cysteine and arginine residues in the ligand-	binding	domain of hRAR alpha ( hRAR alpha-LBD , amino acids 154 to 462 ).
	96413288-1	TI - Analysis of the ligand-	binding	domain of human retinoic acid receptor alpha by site-directed mutagenesis .
	91210272-9	The amplified product showed an identical nucleotide sequence to the DNA-	binding	domain of the human intestinal receptor .
	91210272-8	Finally, RNA from activated lymphocytes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers flanking the 196 base pair long region encoding the DNA-	binding	domain of the human intestinal receptor .
	92385366-4	The v-erb A protein has sustained two amino acid alterations within its DNA-	binding	domain relative to that of c-erb A , one of which, at serine 61 , is known to be important for v-erb A function in the neoplastic cell .
	92186836-7	Elf-1 contains a DNA	binding	domain that is nearly identical to that of E74 , the ecdysone- inducible Drosophila transcription factor required for metamorphosis (hence the name Elf-1 , for E74-like factor 1 ).
	96305196-3	We have defined the mechanisms of transactivation by NFAT1 . NFAT1 possesses two transactivation domains whose sequences are not conserved in the other NFAT-family proteins , and a conserved DNA-	binding	domain that mediates the recruitment of cooperating nuclear transcription factors even when it is expressed in the absence of other regions of the protein.
	93275333-5	Synergism required an intact GR DNA-	binding	domain , whereas amino- or carboxyl- terminal domains were dispensable.
	91203899-2	AB - A family of transcriptional activators has recently been identified in chickens ; these transcriptional activators recognize a common consensus motif ( WGATAR ) through a conserved C4 zinc finger DNA-	binding	domain . One of the members of this multigene family, cGATA-3 , is most abundantly expressed in the T-lymphocyte cell lineage .
	92108417-5	However, DCoH did not confer transcriptional activation to the GAL4 DNA	binding	domain .
	94110361-1	TI - Rhabdomyosarcomas do not contain mutations in the DNA	binding	domains of myogenic transcription factors .
	94243031-5	The constitutively active type of the CN A subunit , which lacks the auto-inhibitory and calmodulin-	binding	domains , acts in synergy with PMA to activate transcription from the GM- CSF promoter .
	96413288-11	The two mutations R217A and R294A caused an increased	binding	efficiency for antagonists but no change in agonist binding.
	93204999-1	TI - Interaction between NF-kappa B - and serum response factor -	binding	elements activates an interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain enhancer specifically in T lymphocytes .
	92031293-9	However, the C26 element alone, even when repeated, could not be activated by p40tax , unlike other NF-kappa B -	binding	elements.
	92049367-6	In vitro translated hGR was capable of selective DNA	binding	even in the absence of glucocorticoid .
	96413288-6	All conserved cysteine and arginine residues in this domain were mutated by site- directed mutagenesis , and the mutant proteins were characterized by blocking reactions , ligand-	binding	experiments , transactivation assays , and protease mapping .
	92195320-6	In spite of its association with p50 in vitro, however, we found a lymphoid cell-specific nuclear factor in vivo that contains c-Rel but not p50 epitopes; this factor, termed IL-6 kappa B	binding	factor II, appears to contain the c-Rel homodimer and preferentially recognizes several IL-6 kappa B-related kappa B motifs .
	92195320-8	We also present evidence that IL-6 kappa B	binding	factor II functions as a repressor specific for IL-6 kappa B-related kappa B motifs in lymphoid cells .
	97103140-7	Based upon these results we propose that alpha- interferon through its receptor initiates phosphatidic acid dependent signalling which in turn regulates the affinity of 47 kDa sterol regulatory element	binding	factor as well as LDL-receptor gene transcription in lymphocytes from CML patients .
	92218428-10	Together these results constitute the first direct evidence of a positive role for the l ymphoid-specific octamer-	binding	factor in DRA gene transcription .
	92244343-8	Furthermore, we identify a pre-existing NF-AT-	binding	factor that is present in hypotonic extracts of unstimulated T cells .
	97042487-2	AB - The induction of immediate-early (IE) response genes , such as egr-1 , c- fos , and c-jun , occurs rapidly after the activation of T lymphocytes . The process of activation involves calcium mobilization, activation of protein kinase C ( PKC ), and phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases. p21(ras) , a guanine nucleotide	binding	factor , mediates T-cell signal transduction through PKC -dependent and PKC -independent pathways.
	96405269-1	TI - Regulation of GM-CSF gene transcription by core-	binding	factor .
	92112059-6	Enhancers containing a single Oct have, nevertheless, the capacity to partially activate U2 snRNA transcription in both HeLa cells , in which only OTF-1 is expressed, and in BJA-B cells in which OTF-2 is the predominantly expressed octamer-	binding	factor .
	92251244-10	Nuclear extracts assayed for the presence of ISRE	binding	factors by electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that ISGF3 is induced by IFN-alpha within 6 h from undetectable basal levels in untreated U937 cells .
	92013087-3	Prior studies have identified several elements that contribute to the activity of the IL-2 promoter in the stimulated T cell line , Jurkat . The sites and their corresponding nuclear	binding	factors include: NF- kappa B , AP-1 , AP-3 , OCT-1 , and NF-AT .
	92029620-10	There is a suitably located TATA box , but potential sites for CCAAT-box	binding	factors are far upstream, embedded in a 42-nucleotide repeat element .
	93204999-6	Overexpression of SRF in B cells causes the IL-2R enhancer to function as well as it does in T cells , suggesting that the high level of SRF	binding	in T cells is functionally important.
	92366509-9	Thus, the DRA promoter discriminates against OTF-1 activation at the level of DNA	binding	in the glioblastoma line .
	93232271-5	To correlate changes in nuclear factor	binding	in vitro with transcriptional activity in vivo and define the structural requirements for IL-2 promoter repression , we used transient DNA transfections.
	94243031-9	NF- CLE0 gamma	binding	is induced by PMA /A23187 and is inhibited by treatment with CsA .
	93228833-3	Using magnetic beads with attached DNA containing the Escherichia coli lac operator , fusion proteins comprising the DNA-	binding	lac repressor could be affinity-purified and recovered by gentle elution conditions, such as with a lactose analogue or by enzymatic means using either deoxyribonuclease ( DNase ) or restriction endonucleases .
	91339573-2	AB - The number of estrogen receptor ( ER ) in human peripheral leucocytes in 13 men with gynecomastia were measured by radioligand	binding	method. The results were compared with those of 13 sex-and age-matched healthy subjects .
	91347784-2	AB - The number of estrogen receptors ( ER ) in human peripheral leucocytes in 12 women with menopausal type II diabetes was measured with radio- ligand	binding	method .
	97098688-6	The negative effects of point mutations in the LMP1 (1-231) core TRAF	binding	motif on TRAF binding and NF-kappaB activation genetically link the TRAFs to LMP1 (1-231)-mediated NF-kappaB activation .
	91303691-1	TI - Contribution of NF-kappa B and Sp1	binding	motifs to the replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 : distinct patterns of viral growth are determined by T-cell types .
	92001749-4	This region contains two DNA-	binding	motifs , GM2 and GC-box .
	93203219-5	Additionally, the region between bases -107 and -59 of the IL3 promoter containing putative AP-2 and Sp1	binding	motifs appears necessary for basal level expression of the IL3 gene.
	93186809-7	In gel-shift assays , the -1280 element and the c-fos SRE cross -competed, whereas their functional and	binding	mutants did not. The proximal element contains the sequence 5'-GGCCAATGGG-3' , which closely resembles the consensus binding motif for the CCAAT-binding factor NF-Y ( CBF , CP1 , alpha CP1 ).
	91224990-5	For these reasons, the 5'-flanking region of the GPIIb gene was used to identify the regions that interact with DNA-	binding	nuclear factors .
	93287269-3	Activation of the HIV-1 provirus correlated with the activation of	binding	of 55- and 85- kDa proteins to the kappa B enhancer and binding of the 50-kDa HLP-1 protein to the LBP- 1 sequences of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat .
	97098661-14	IL-2 induced the	binding	of Stat 5a and b proteins to the human GASd element .
	93186822-6	Hemin induction of K562 cells does not facilitate the	binding	of NF-E2 to its recognition site .
	93141262-8	Somewhat unexpectedly, the constitutive p21ras activity did not cause an increased DNA	binding	of transcription factors PEA1 ( AP1 ), PEA3 , Oct-2 or NF-kB .
	93186822-4	TPA induction increases the	binding	of ubiquitous AP-1 factors to this element.
	91237114-12	The mechanism by which TGF-beta inhibits Ig chain synthesis is unclear although it does not involve inhibition of the	binding	of NF-kappa B or Oct-2 to their respective target sequences.
	91184620-5	Expression of full-length and mutant cDNA clones in bacteria reveal that the single HMG motif , which is predicted to contain two extended alpha-helical segments , is sufficient to direct the sequence-specific	binding	of TCF-1 alpha to DNA .
	96409274-8	To determine whether the functional defect of the patients' T cells was due to the absence or abnormal	binding	of transcription factors involved in cytokine gene expression , electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to examine the DNA binding of AP-1 , Oct , CREB , SP1 , NF-kappa B and the nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NF-AT ) to their respective response elements in the promoter of the IL-2 gene .
	91264362-4	Lavage T-lymphocytes from patients with tuberculosis or with sarcoidosis , but not those from normal control subjects , expressed 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors as demonstrated by	binding	of [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 , which was inhibited by the presence of excess unlabeled 1,25(OH)2D3 , but not by the presence of unlabeled 25(OH)D3 ( receptor-positive lymphocytes : sarcoidosis , 20 +/- 12%; tuberculosis , 31 +/- 17%).
	96413288-7	Changes of any cysteine residue of the hRAR alpha- LBD had no significant influence on the	binding	of all-trans RA or 9- cis RA .
	92387536-4	An intact paired domain was shown to be both necessary and sufficient for DNA	binding	of BSAP .
	94119067-1	TI - Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative	binding	of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors .
	92251244-3	The	binding	of ISGF3 ( IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 ) to the conserved IFN-stimulated response element ( ISRE ) results in transcriptional activation .
	93266597-4	We show that a cellular reducing catalyst thioredoxin ( Trx ) plays a major role in activation of the DNA	binding	of NF kappa B in vitro and stimulation of transcription from the NF kappa B -dependent gene expression.
	92212930-9	The	binding	of NF(P) (a DNA binding protein that specifically recognizes the P sequence ) to the P sequence was abolished when oligonucleotides carrying base substitutions were used, indicating that the NF(P) interaction is sequence-specific and that binding specificity of the protein paralleled the sequence requirements for IL- 4 expression in vivo.
	93205400-6	Moreover, whereas both Tax and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( PMA ) are able to efficiently induce the	binding	of NF-kappa B to the IL-2R alpha kappa B site , PMA is functionally inactive.
	97175274-7	After a 2-day incubation in LDL , the	binding	of NF-kappa B , which is believed to be a key oxidative-stress sensor for VCAM regulation , remains at basal level.
	96382512-6	Activation of the erythropoietin receptor caused specific DNA-	binding	of Stat 5b , but failed to induce reporter gene transcription .
	93242763-4	To determine whether Nef affects the	binding	of cellular factors implicated in HIV-1 regulation , 32P-labeled oligonucleotides corresponding to the binding sites were incubated with nuclear extracts prepared from Nef-expressing T-cell lines that were not stimulated or were stimulated with T-cell mitogens .
	91079577-3	Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Southwestern blotting experiments were used to detect the	binding	of cellular transactivation factor NF-KB to the double repeat-KB enhancer sequence located in the long terminal repeat .
	93294310-3	Here we report that	binding	of human IL-2 to its binding site leads to transcriptional activation of the macrophage CSF (M-CSF) gene in Mo resulting in accumulation of M-CSF mRNA and subsequent release of bioactive M-CSF protein as demonstrated by ELISA and inhibition of IL-2 induced release of an activity-stimulating growth of monocyte-type colonies by a neutralizing anti-M-CSF antibody .
	97054651-7	The use of the protein tyrosine kinase ( PTK )- specific inhibitor herbimycin A dramatically decreased cellular proliferation without altering the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 long terminal repeat ( HIV-1 LTR ), a promoter largely dependent on the	binding	of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF- kappa B ).
	93268332-7	DNA mobility shift assay revealed specific	binding	of nuclear protein (s) from LAM- , LPS- , or TNF-alpha- stimulated THP-1 cells to the NF-IL6 motifs .
	92118719-6	Site-directed mutagenesis of the wild-type IL-2R alpha kappa B enhancer ( GGGGAATCTCCC ) has revealed that the	binding	of p50 and p55 ( B2 complex ) is particularly sensitive to alteration of the 5' triplet of deoxyguanosine residues .
	92118719-7	In contrast, formation of the B1 complex , reflecting the	binding	of p75 and p85 , critically depends upon the more 3' sequences of this enhancer element .
	97112990-8	As a target for DNA methylation and for	binding	of transcription factors that mediate or impede transcription, this element appears to play a central role in controlling IFN-gamma expression.
	92378895-7	Con A stimulation was found to increase both	binding	of AP-1 to the AP-1 consensus sequence, TRE, and AP-1 enhancer activity, in Jurkat cells .
	96315681-6	A 4- or 10- bp insertion between muE3 and muB inactivated the mu enhancer in S194 plasma cells but did not affect in vitro	binding	of Ets-1, PU.1 , or the muE3 -binding protein TFE3 , alone or in pairwise combinations.
	93205400-7	Using the DNA affinity precipitation assay , we observed that Tax1 is able to efficiently induce the	binding	of Rel, whereas PMA is not.
	93186822-1	TI - Suppression of a cellular differentiation program by phorbol esters coincides with inhibition of	binding	of a cell-specific transcription factor ( NF-E2 ) to an enhancer element required for expression of an erythroid-specific gene .
	93216805-8	We propose a model in which	binding	of a myeloid- specific factor ( PU.1 ) allows a general factor ( Sp1 ) to bind in a tissue-specific fashion thereby contributing to the myeloid-specific expression of CD11b .
	92109743-3	In the present paper, the	binding	of a [125I]-labeled aldosterone derivative to plasma membrane rich fractions of HML was studied.
	91172211-4	DNase I and gel mobility shift assays show the	binding	of a number of nuclear factors to these elements , including Sp1 and CP1 .
	97182951-2	AB - B lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ( CLL ) were analysed for the nuclear presence and DNA	binding	of a panel of transcription factors which are involved in the gene control of lymphoid cells .
	97182951-6	Constitutive	binding	of further factor proteins to DNA, such as JunD , c-Fos and FosB , was detected in several patients whereas the localisation and DNA binding of other factors such as c-Jun , RelA/p65 and c-Rel was unaltered.
	93224733-7	There was no detectable	binding	of in vitro translated Jun / Fos heterodimer ( AP-1 ) to the NF-AT sequence, and the NF-AT sequence was unable to inhibit the binding of Jun / Fos to the AP-1 sequence.
	92331609-8	Binding of AP-2 prevented the subsequent	binding	of members of the CREB/ATF family to an adjacent regulatory motif in the 21 bp repeat . Transfection of an AP-2 expression construct into T-lymphocytes activated gene expression from the HTLV-I LTR .
	96264685-8	Gel shift analysis revealed that oxidative suppression of NF-AT represented inhibition in the early generation of NFAT complexes rather than the	binding	of preformed NF-AT complexes.
	93320446-3	This function has been attributed to the coordinated	binding	of subunits of NF-kappa B to distinct regions of the promoter elements of numerous genes, including cytokines , growth factor receptors , and adhesion molecules .
	93186822-5	TPA induction inhibits the	binding	of the lineage limited transcription factor NF-E2 to this transcriptional control element .
	92147648-8	Large or polar substitutions on C-11 of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 thus impair the	binding	of the vitamin D receptor but increase the affinity to vitamin D-binding protein .
	92109743-4	High affinity	binding	of the radioligand with an apparent Kd of approximately 0.1 nM was found.
	93281652-5	In contrast, the	binding	of the nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NF-AT ) to its response element in the IL2 enhancer and to an NF-AT -like response element present in the IL4 enhancer was abnormal.
	96409274-1	TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency due to defective	binding	of the nuclear factor of activated T cells in T lymphocytes of two male siblings .
	93024882-3	The protein Bcl-3 contains seven so-called ankyrin repeats . Similar repeat motifs are found in a number of diverse regulatory proteins but the motifs of Bcl-3 are most closely related to those found in I kappa B proteins in which the ankyrin repeat domain is thought to be directly involved in inhibition of NF-kappa B activity. No biological function has yet been described for Bcl-3 , but it was noted recently that Bcl-3 interferes with DNA-	binding	of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B in vitro.
	96397543-5	The variant Id-3L protein is functionally distinguishable from conventional Id-3 since in in vitro DNA mobility shift assays , it was greatly impaired in its ability to abrogate	binding	of the basic helix-loop-helix protein , E47 , to an E box recognition sequence .
	94119067-9	In vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that both the Ets and AP-1 sites are required for	binding	of the inducible PB1 nuclear protein complex and for the transcriptional activity of this element and the GM-CSF promoter in activated T cells .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
	92051383-5	The	binding	of the most prominent factor, named TCF-1 ( T cell factor 1 ), is correlated with the proto-enhancer activity of TCEd .
	93264305-4	Increase of IL-2R alpha gene transcription involves the enhanced	binding	of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to its consensus sequence in the 5'-regulatory region of the IL-2R alpha gene.
	93232271-4	Nuclear extracts from primary human T lymphocytes were analyzed by electrophoretic DNA mobility shift assays . Both Dex and CsA inhibited the	binding	of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-AT , but not of NF-kB and OCT-1/OAF , to their corresponding sites on the IL-2 gene promoter .
	97131823-6	Mutation of this motif almost completely, and specifically, abolished the	binding	of two low-mobility complexes and led to a 95% decrease of constitutive transcriptional activation of a reporter construct IL-1beta (-170/+108).
	93135830-1	TI - A human putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene homologous to a rodent gene encoding a zinc-	binding	potential transcription factor .
	92179751-5	Thus the inhibitory effect of insulin on the GR	binding	power is both dose- and time-dependent, which strongly suggests that GR is tonically controlled by insulin concentration change under physiological conditions .
	92179751-2	AB - The regulatory effect of insulin on the specific	binding	power of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) of human leukocytes was assessed by the unoccupied receptor sites capable of combining with [3H] labelled dexamethasone measured at 3 and 24 h after incubation with various concentrations of insulin added to the medium.
	92179751-3	After 3 h incubation the specific	binding	power with [3H] Dex was decreased by 23.3 +/- 10.0, 32.2 +/- 13.2 and 54.3 +/- 9.2% (P greater than 0.05, P greater than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 as compared with the control value of 100 in the absence of insulin ) respectively in the presence of 20 mU/L (physiological testing concentration), 200 mU/L ( physiological upper limit ) and 2,000 mU/L ( pharmacological concentration ) insulin in the incubation medium.
	91367666-6	DNA-	binding	properties of HIV-TF1 suggested that HIV-TF1 might be identical or related to USF .
	97126060-5	Therefore, to evaluate the mechanism of TPA responsiveness of the SNE motifs and of a related 16-bp SEE ( SRF/ETS element ) motif found in the HCMV and chimpanzee CMV MIE enhancers , we have examined the functional responses and protein	binding	properties of multimerized wild-type and mutant elements added upstream to the SCMV MIE or simian virus 40 minimal promoter regions in the U-937 , K-562 , HL-60 , THP-1 , and Jurkat cell lines .
	92218428-6	In vitro transcription analysis using protein fractions enriched for the octamer-	binding	protein OTF-2 demonstrate a positive functional role for OTF-2 in DRA gene transcription .
	96323103-5	In lymphoid cell lines only, the E(gre) -	binding	protein complexes included ALF1 or HEB and E2A basic helix-loop-helix proteins .
	93141620-14	However, the ES cell system can be used as an alternative until targeted erythroleukemia cells become available. Other applications involve the introduction of other GATA-	binding	protein family members to determine whether they rescue the mutation. If they cannot, chimeric proteins can be tested to identify which amino acids distinguish the different family members.
	93309430-11	UV cross-linking experiments suggested that a distinct E2F DNA-	binding	protein is uniquely associated with the S-phase p107 complex and is not associated with Rb .
	92147648-4	Their affinity for the vitamin D -	binding	protein, however, increased up to 4-fold.
	92335296-3	The DNA-	binding	protein GATA-1 is required for normal erythroid development and regulates erythroid-expressed genes in maturing erythroblasts .
	94214477-4	Using fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ), we show here that the genes encoding the TATA-box	binding	protein ( TBP ), TFIIB , TFIIE alpha , TFIIE beta , RAP30 , RAP74 and the 62 kDa subunit , of TFIIH are located at the human chromosomal bands 6q26-27 , 1p21-22 , 3q21-24 , 8p12 , 13q14 , 19p13.3 and 11p14-15.1 , respectively.
	92251244-4	This factor is composed of a DNA-	binding	protein ( ISGF3 gamma ), which normally is present in the cytoplasm , and other IFN-alpha-activated proteins which preexist as latent cytoplasmic precursors ( ISGF3 alpha ).
	96413292-6	In addition, immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrate that substantial and similar molar amounts of TATA-	binding	protein ( TBP ) and TFIIIB90 can weakly associate with PTF at low salt conditions , but this association is dramatically reduced at high salt concentrations .
	92107162-4	Here we demonstrate that the c-myb proto-oncogene product, which is itself a DNA-	binding	protein and transcriptional transactivator , can interact synergistically with Z in activating the BMRF1 promoter in Jurkat cells (a T-cell line ) or Raji cells (an EBV - positive B-cell), whereas the c-myb gene product by itself has little effect.
	93228833-4	The results show for the first time that a DNA-	binding	protein can be used for affinity purification of fusion proteins as exemplified by the specific and gentle recovery of beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase from bacterial lysates using immuno magnetic separation .
	94290489-4	The affected tyrosine residue located at the C terminus of the DNA	binding	protein is evolutionarily strongly conserved among the members of the HMG box containing proteins .
	93309430-8	However, X failed to react with a variety of antibodies against Rb or p107 , implicating the involvement of an E1A-	binding	protein other than Rb or p107 .
	93150054-16	The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA	binding	protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation .
	93329079-2	AB - The nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NF-AT )3 is an inducible DNA-	binding	protein that is essential for transcriptional induction of the IL-2 gene during T cell activation .
	93259462-2	AB - Early B-cell factor ( EBF ) was identified previously as a tissue- specific and differentiation stage-specific DNA-	binding	protein that participates in the regulation of the pre-B and B lymphocyte-specific mb-1 gene .
	92144438-4	Also, an induction specific DNA	binding	protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the ( AAGTGA )4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain .
	92212930-8	The	binding	protein (s) that recognize the P sequence of the IL-4 gene were identified by DNA- mobility-shift assays .
	96347533-3	Tax is localized to the DNA through its interaction with the site-specific activators cyclic AMP-responsive element-	binding	protein , NF-kappaB , and serum response factor .
	93152894-6	This factor is Oct-1 or an immunologically related octamer-	binding	protein , and it plays a role in coordinating the activity of several regulatory elements .
	91376383-6	In this paper, we demonstrate that the B2 factor is expressed in the cytosol of monocytes and macrophages as a DNA-	binding	protein , indicating that it is not associated with an inhibitor ( IKB ).
	93152894-1	TI - Interleukin-3 expression by activated T cells involves an inducible, T- cell-specific factor and an octamer	binding	protein .
	92165059-6	Two	binding	proteins are detected in K562 nuclear extracts , while only one is found in extracts from HeLa cells . Possible mechanisms by which these proteins may regulate transcription of the epsilon-globin-encoding gene in erythroid and non-erythroid cells are discussed.
	92291523-13	Deoxycholate treatment of cytoplasmic extracts from these subclones released much reduced NF-kB	binding	proteins from their cytoplasmic pools.
	92156797-10	These studies indicate that HIV-1 infection of myelomonoblastic cells may select for a more mature monocytic phenotype and that unique subunit associations of NF-kappa B DNA	binding	proteins may contribute to differential NF-kappa B -mediated gene expression.
	93087498-8	In directing the synthesis of RNA through the intervening DNA and the gene by a tracking and transcription mechanism , the HS2 enhancer may (i) open up the chromatin structure of a gene domain and (ii) deliver enhancer	binding	proteins to the promoter sequence where they may stimulate the transcription of the gene at the cap site .
	93287269-6	In the transient-transfection assay , ICP0 , but not ICP4 , activated the HIV- 1 long terminal repeat promoter region and the effect of ICP0 was greatly enhanced in the presence of the NF-kappa B	binding	proteins, suggesting that induction of the HIV-1 provirus involves cooperation between the HSV-1-activated cellular factor , NF-kappa B , and the virus- encoded transactivator , ICP0 .
	93280143-2	AB - Many effects of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) on gene expression , including that of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ), in monocytic cells are mediated by activation of kappa B DNA-	binding	proteins.
	97152553-5	Predicted peptide sequence of ORF2 contained a zinc finger domain which showed significant homology to GC box	binding	proteins BTEB2 and SP1 .
	96387353-3	CsA and FK506 associate with intracellular	binding	proteins (i.e., CsA with cyclophilin A and FK506 with FKBP12 ) to form protein/drug complexes that suppress the immune system by preventing activation of T cells in response to antigen presentation .
	93269273-1	TI - Synergism between the CD3 antigen- and CD2 antigen- derived signals . Exploration at the level of induction of DNA-	binding	proteins and characterization of the inhibitory activity of cyclosporine .
	91361546-7	Tax expression in Jurkat T cells may alter the stoichiometry of NF-kappa B DNA	binding	proteins and thus change the expression of NF-kappa B -regulated promoters.
	91239569-2	AB - A chromosomal translocation in a T-cell leukemia involving the short arm of human chromosome 11 at band 11p15 disrupts the rhombotin gene . This gene encodes a protein with duplicated cysteine -rich regions called LIM domains , which show homology to zinc-	binding	proteins and to iron-sulfur centers of ferredoxins .
	91170801-1	TI - Kappa B	binding	proteins are constitutively expressed in an IL-2 autocrine human T cell line .
	92118719-1	TI - Kappa B-specific DNA	binding	proteins are differentially inhibited by enhancer mutations and biological oxidation .
	93194904-12	Together these results suggest that the BAT box	binding	proteins are important in the B cell specific expression of CD20 and perhaps CD21 .
	92218428-3	Several DNA-	binding	proteins are known to bind this sequence.
	93152834-1	TI - Expression of tal-1 and GATA-	binding	proteins during human hematopoiesis .
	93194904-8	The affinity of the BAT box	binding	proteins for the BAT box was approximately 25-fold less than for the octamer sequence and the BAT box binding proteins dissociated from the BAT box 10-fold more rapidly than from the octamer sequence .
	93283670-1	TI - Expression of mRNA for the GATA-	binding	proteins in human eosinophils and basophils : potential role in gene transcription .
	93269273-8	Moreover, cyclosporine , at concentrations readily accomplished in clinical practice, was found to inhibit the emergence of these DNA-	binding	proteins in normal human T cells signaled via cell surface proteins implicated in antigen- dependent T cell activation and in T cells stimulated by mobilization of cellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C .
	93269273-4	To further understand the molecular and nuclear basis for this synergism, we have explored the induction of DNA-	binding	proteins in highly purified normal human T cells signaled via the CD3 and/or CD2 proteins .
	92291523-12	Gel retardation assays , using a 32P-probe containing the HIV-1 NF-kB probe and nuclear extracts from PMA -treated cells, showed significantly reduced induction of nuclear NF-kB	binding	proteins in these two subclones compared with wild type CEM and a control subclone.
	92118719-2	AB - Kappa B (kappa B) enhancer	binding	proteins isolated from the nuclei of activated human T cells produce two distinct nucleoprotein complexes when incubated with the kappa B element from the interleukin-2 receptor- alpha (IL-2R alpha) gene .
	91361546-4	In Jurkat and NC2.10 induction with phorbol esters resulted in the appearance of new DNA	binding	proteins of 85 , 75 , and 54 kDa , whereas in Tax expressing cells the 85-kDa protein and a 92-kDa DNA binding protein were constitutively induced.
	93141262-2	AB - The p21ras small GTP	binding	proteins participate in signal transduction from cell surface receptors and affect neoplastic transformation and development in many different cell types.
	93203219-4	Using transfection and reporter gene assays specifically designed for primary T lymphocytes in conjunction with gel retardation assays , Western blot analyses and UV cross-linking studies , we found that c-Jun , c-Fos , and octamer-	binding	proteins play a major role in transcriptional activation of the IL3 gene via their interaction with two specific regions contained within the IL3 5'-flanking sequence.
	93269273-6	The emergence of nuclear	binding	proteins was investigated using interleukin-2 sequence specific oligonucleotide probes in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay .
	93194904-7	Southwestern blotting and UV cross- linking studies confirmed that the BAT box	binding	proteins were Oct-1 and Oct-2 .
	92144438-3	To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction , positive regulatory domain (PRD) II	binding	proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells . From HeLa cells , two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity , whereas from T-cells , four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82 , 67 , and 43-47 kD --were purified.
	93309430-12	Together, these results suggest that E2F consists of multiple, biochemically distinct DNA-	binding	proteins which function at different points in the cell cycle .
	92392375-3	In contrast, no effect on the levels of the octamer	binding	proteins , Oct-1 or Oct-2 , were found.
	92052106-7	Furthermore, treatment of nuclear extracts from these cells that had restricted expression with lipopolysaccharide increased viral production and NF-kappa B activity . Antiserum specific for NF-kappa B	binding	proteins , but not c-rel- specific antiserum , disrupted heterodimer complex formation .
	93141620-16	How does GATA-1 regulate red cell genes like globin or the Epo receptor ? Once we identify the functional domains of the GATA-	binding	proteins , we hope to learn what proteins GATA-1 binds to in the basic transcription machinery or in chromatin.
	93283670-6	The presence of mRNA for these proteins in eosinophils and basophils suggests that gene transcription in these lineages may be regulated by GATA-	binding	proteins .
	93024468-4	It can also be distinguished from other previously described lymphocyte-specific DNA-	binding	proteins .
	96305203-2	AB - Spi-B and PU.1 are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA-	binding	proteins .
	93203219-2	AB - Role of AP-1- and octamer-	binding	proteins in control of IL3 gene expression.
	92144438-9	When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer	binding	proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4- fold increase in transcription was observed.
	93030402-3	Therefore, we describe a microtitre assay system for glucocorticoid receptors which is a whole- cell competitive	binding	radioassay using [3H]-dexamethasone as radioligand.
	91355651-2	AB - NF-kappa B is a DNA-	binding	regulatory factor able to control transcription of a number of genes, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genes .
	91184620-8	TCF-1 alpha is currently unique among the newly emerging family of DNA-	binding	regulatory proteins that share the HMG motif in that it is a highly tissue- specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor .
	93072349-4	This includes a very low apparent dissociation constant ( Kd ) of 0.1 nM for both aldosterone and the effect on the Na(+)-H(+)-antiport , a high turnover rate, and the almost exclusive	binding	selectivity for aldosterone .
	97054651-9	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay ( EMSA ) and supershift assay using an NF-kappa B	binding	sequence from the kappa light chain as a probe, revealed that both p65 ( RelA ) and c-Rel were present in CD40 -stimulated B cells. While PKC depletion did not alter the NF-kappa B level, treatment of B lymphocytes with H-89 or herbimycin A provoked a decrease in the NF- kappa B level.
	93100507-4	We have used a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide derived from human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV-1 ) long terminal repeat, which contains a tandem repeat of the NF kappa B	binding	sequence, as a probe in a gel retardation assay to study this transcription factor .
	92186836-2	AB - The recent definition of a consensus DNA	binding	sequence for the Ets family of transcription factors has allowed the identification of potential Ets binding sites in the promoters and enhancers of many inducible T-cell genes .
	92331609-9	At least two 21 bp repeats were required for high levels of AP-2 activation and mutagenesis of the AP-2 consensus	binding	sequences in the 21 bp repeats eliminate this activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
	97098688-5	Further deletional and alanine mutagenesis analyses and comparison with TRAF	binding	sequences in CD40 , in CD30 , and in the LMP1 of other lymphycryptoviruses provide the first evidence that PXQXT/S is a core TRAF binding motif .
	97126060-6	Unlike classical NFkappaB sites , neither the SNE nor the SEE motif responded to phosphatase inhibition by okadaic acid. However, the TPA responsiveness of both CMV elements proved to involve synergistic interactions between the core SRF	binding	site ( CCATATATGG ) and the adjacent inverted ETS binding motifs ( TTCC ), which correlated directly with formation of a bound tripartite complex containing both the cellular SRF and ELK-1 proteins .
	93186809-9	Methylation interference analysis of the -65 region identified a pattern of contacts with nuclear factors resembling that for NF-Y , and an NF-Y -	binding	site and the proximal TSP 1 element cross-competed in gel-shift assays , whereas their binding mutants did not.
	96365473-5	Coactivator OCA-B may undergo a POU-dependent conformational change that exposes its amino terminus, allowing it to recognize specific DNA sequences in the major groove within the	binding	site for Oct-1 or Oct-2 .
	93186809-1	TI - A serum response element and a	binding	site for NF-Y mediate the serum response of the human thrombospondin 1 gene .
	93079901-4	One HIV-1 variant was detected containing an additional	binding	site for the transcription factor Sp1 . Another LTR size variation was observed in four patients in a region just upstream of the NF-kappa B enhancer .
	91367666-5	The HIV-TF1 -	binding	site in HIV LTR was similar to the site recognized by upstream stimulatory factor ( USF ) in the adenovirus major late promoter .
	93259462-4	The recombinant polypeptide formed sequence-specific complexes with the EBF -	binding	site in the mb-1 promoter .
	91367666-8	The disruption of HIV-TF1 -	binding	site induced a 60% decrease in the level of transcription from the HIV promoter in vivo.
	96324400-4	The transcriptional activity of the NFAT	binding	site is mediated by a complex comprising a member of the NFAT group and AP-1 family proteins . The induction of AP-1 by p21ras also requires Rac-1 function .
	91117203-4	The proenkephalin promoter contains a sequence GGGGACGTCCCC , named B2 , which is similar to the kappa B sequence GGGGACTTTCC , the	binding	site of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B .
	93281652-7	CAT expression directed by the IL2 regulatory region or by a multimer of the NF-AT -	binding	site was markedly lower in the patient relative to controls.
	92408021-7	Additionally, Nef inhibits the induction of HIV-1- and interleukin 2- directed gene expression , and the effect on HIV-1 transcription depends on an intact NF-kappa B -	binding	site.
	96399059-5	Addition of the -176 to -96 sequence to the 4X NF-AT-Oct construct did not impart the ability to be affected by anergy, but addition of the -236 to -96 sequence did, demonstrating that anergy is an active inhibitory process and that more than the presence of the -150 AP-1	binding	site ( -152 to -147 ) is required to mediate the effect.
	92107162-7	A 30-bp sequence in the BMRF1 promoter which contains a Z	binding	site (a consensus AP-1 site ) is sufficient to transfer high-level lymphoid-specific responsiveness to the Z/c-myb combination to a heterologous promoter . That the c-myb oncogene product can interact synergistically with an EBV -encoded member of the leucine zipper protein family suggests c-myb is likely to engage in similar interactions with cellularly encoded transcription factors .
	94243031-8	Mobility shift assays showed that the CLE0 sequence has an AP1-	binding	site and is associated with an NF-AT- like factor , termed NF-CLE0 gamma .
	97126060-8	A 40-fold stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity mediated by four tandem repeats of the SNE could be induced within 2 h (and up to 250-fold within 6 h) after addition of TPA in DNA-transfected U-937 cells , indicating that the stimulation appeared likely to be a true protein kinase C -mediated signal transduction event rather than a differentiation response . Slight differences in the sequence of the core SRF	binding	site compared with that of the classical c-Fos promoter serum response element , together with differences in the spacing between the SRF and ETS motifs , appear to account for the inability of the SCMV SNEs to respond to serum induction .
	92038993-5	This erbA-	binding	site confers thyroid hormone responsiveness to a heterologous promoter in transient expression experiments and is a target for efficient down- regulation of CAII transcription by the v-erbA oncoprotein.
	93150054-12	GC-box is a	binding	site for constitutively bound proteins .
	94151327-2	AB - RelA ( p65 ) functions as the critical transactivating component of the heterodimeric p50-p65 NF-kappa B complex and contains a high-affinity	binding	site for its cytoplasmic inhibitor , I kappa B alpha .
	93150054-10	GM2 defines a	binding	site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA .
	93150054-13	CLEO defines a	binding	site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187 .
	93204999-2	AB - We find that a short enhancer element containing the NF-kappa B	binding	site from the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene ( IL-2R alpha ) is preferentially activated in T cells .
	91203899-4	The murine and human factors are abundantly expressed in a variety of human and murine T-cell lines and can activate transcription through a tissue-specific GATA-	binding	site identified within the human T-cell receptor delta gene enhancer .
	97057230-4	Previously we and others showed by targeted gene disruption that the zinc finger gene , erythroid Kruppel-like factor ( EKLF ), is required for expression of the beta-globin gene in mice , presumably through interaction with a high-affinity	binding	site in the proximal promoter .
	94243031-10	These results suggest that CN is involved in the coordinated induction of the GM-CSF and IL-2 genes and that the CLE0 sequence of the GM-CSF gene is a functional analogue of the NF-AT-	binding	site in the IL-2 promoter, which mediates signals downstream of T cell activation .
	92051383-8	The conversion of the TCEd to a 'perfect' NF-kB	binding	site leads to a tighter binding of NF-kB to TCEd DNA and, as a functional consequence, to the activity of the 'converted' TCEd motifs in HeLa cells .
	97098661-12	PRRIII contains a Stat protein	binding	site that overlaps with an EBS motif ( GASd/EBSd ).
	93281652-8	In contrast, CAT gene expression directed by a multimer of the OCT-1 proximal (OCT-1p)-	binding	site was equivalent in patient and controls.
	97115684-4	Transient expression assays with plasmids containing deleted parts of the LTR region linked to a reporter gene showed that the NF- kappaB	binding	site was essential for HIV-1 LTR activity in CD40- stimulated B lymphocytes .
	96291858-6	In HeLa nonpituitary cells , c-Jun alone activated the rPRL promoter via the most proximal GHF-1/Pit-1	binding	site , footprint I , and synergized with GHF-1 .
	94148994-5	The IRF-2 promoter region contains a CpG island , with several GC boxes , a putative NF-kappa B-	binding	site , and a CAAT box , but no TATA box .
	91224990-8	One region, centered at -54, is similar to a nuclear factor E1-	binding	site , and a region located at position -233 contains a CCAAT motif .
	91266919-7	An analysis of the immediate promoter of the human erythroid ALAS gene revealed several putative erythroid-specific cis-acting elements including both a GATA-1 and an NF-E2	binding	site . An iron-responsive element (IRE) motif has been identified in the 5'- untranslated region of the human erythroid ALAS mRNA , but is not present in the housekeeping ALAS mRNA .
	96405269-5	The GM- CSF promoter CBF site TGTGGTCA is located 51 bp upstream of the transcription start site and also overlaps a YY-1	binding	site .
	92038993-8	Likewise, T3 activated CAII transcription as well as transient expression of a T3 -responsive reporter gene containing the CAII -specific erbA-	binding	site .
	93268332-5	Within this DNA fragment, there were two novel 9-bp motifs (-90/-82 and -40/-32) with high homology to the nuclear factor-IL6 (NF-IL6)	binding	site .
	92042309-8	To further define the effects of dexamethasone at the molecular level , we prepared a series of deleted c-jun promoter fragments linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene . Increases in CAT activity during transient expression of these constructs in TPA -treated U-937 cells could be assigned to the region (- 97 to -20) of the promoter that contains the AP-1	binding	site .
	92020218-5	The activity of the enhancer is almost completely dependent on the integrity of a dimeric GATA-1	binding	site .
	92366509-8	In contrast, the class II-positive nonlymphoid glioblastoma cell line does not exhibit interactions at the octamer site despite the presence of the ubiquitous OTF-1 factor and an open	binding	site .
	94243031-3	The expression of GM-CSF and IL-2 is inhibited by immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin A ( CsA ) and FK506 . Earlier studies on the IL-2 gene expression showed that overexpression of calcineurin ( CN ), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase , can stimulate transcription from the IL-2 promoter through the NF-AT-	binding	site .
	92112059-4	The results showed that the activation of U2 snRNA transcription in B-cells also requires an enhancer comprising both the Oct and at least one Sp 1-	binding	site .
	93186809-11	We conclude that the serum response of the human TSP 1 gene requires the coordinated function of an SRE- and NF-Y-	binding	site .
	92407982-8	Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that these Elf-1	binding	sites are required for induction of HIV-2 transcription following T-cell-receptor-mediated T-cell activation . Moreover, Elf-1 is the only factor present in activated T-cell nuclear extracts that binds to these sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays .
	97048062-8	Multiple TRAF3	binding	sites containing a PXQXT/S core sequence can be identified in the simian EBV LMP1 s by an in vitro binding assay.
	93292612-7	This difference in the number of	binding	sites could be due to differences in cell surface ( UT-7 cells are 20% smaller than the parental UT-7 cells ) or in receptor turnover.
	96405269-3	Here we demonstrate that the human GM-CSF promoter and enhancer also encompass	binding	sites for core-binding factor ( CBF ).
	97113352-10	The presence of multiple potential	binding	sites for MS-2 in the promoter regions of a wide range of genes expressed in mature myeloid cells suggests this factor plays a general role in myeloid differentiation .
	93129248-3	The long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV proviral DNA contains	binding	sites for nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappa B ), and this transcriptional activator appears to regulate HIV activation .
	92031293-11	These findings therefore suggest that the HTLV-I enhancer contains multiple functional elements , including	binding	sites for at least CREB- and NF-kappa B- like factors , which synergistically cooperate in activation of the HTLV-I enhancer in response to p40tax .
	93242763-2	AB - The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat , HIV-1- LTR , contains	binding	sites for several cellular transcription factors which contribute to HIV-1 gene expression .
	97128814-5	The promoter region lacked a TATA box but contained potential	binding	sites for the transcriptional factors including two Sp1 , CRE , Myb and NFkB located at positions -153 , -178 , - 286 , -875 , and -1011 , respectively.
	94249033-7	Subsequently	binding	sites have been demonstrated in the plasma membrane of human lymphocytes which show pharmacological ( aldosterone specificity) and kinetic (high turnover) properties identical with those of the rapid aldosterone effects in the same cells.
	92269839-4	The human CD19 gene has been cloned, and several BSAP -	binding	sites have been mapped by in vitro protein-DNA binding studies . In particular, a high-affinity BSAP-binding site instead of a TATA sequence is located in the -30 promoter region upstream of a cluster of heterogeneous transcription start sites .
	97048062-1	TI - Comparative analysis identifies conserved tumor necrosis factor receptor -associated factor 3	binding	sites in the human and simian Epstein-Barr virus oncogene LMP1 .
	96413274-9	Two other previously unrecognized NFATp -	binding	sites in the proximal TNF-alpha promoter were also identified by this analysis.
	93292612-5	The two lines also expressed comparable levels of Epo-R mRNA while the number of Epo -	binding	sites on UT-7 Epo cells was one-sixth the number of UT-7 cells (2400 +/- 3 vs.
	91221358-7	The Ro in the CS group was 3,605 +/- 984	binding	sites per nucleus (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) and 4,757 +/- 692 binding sites per nucleus (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) in the CR group (p = 0.23).
	97126060-4	Two multicopy basal enhancer motifs within the SCMV MIE enhancer, namely, 11 copies of the 16-bp cyclic AMP response element ( CRE ) and 3 copies of novel 17-bp serum response factor ( SRF )	binding	sites referred to as the SNE ( SRF/NFkappaB-like element ), as well as four classical NFkappaB sites within the HCMV version, contribute to TPA responsiveness in transient assays in monocyte and T- cell types . The SCMV SNE sites contain potential overlapping core recognition binding motifs for SRF , Rel/NFkappaB , ETS , and YY1 class transcription factors but fail to respond to either serum or tumor necrosis factor alpha .
	91101115-4	The rate of LTR-directed gene expression increased in response to treatment with either a phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha if either the NFAT-1 or NF kappa B	binding	sites were deleted, but failed to respond to these mitogenic stimuli if both sequences were absent.
	92176657-4	A novel T cell-specific negative regulatory element ( NRE ) composed of two protein-	binding	sites were mapped in the 5' flanking region of the IL-4 gene : -311CTCCCTTCT-303 ( NRE-I ) and - 288CTTTTTGCTT-TGC-300 ( NRE-II ).
	91266912-7	This mutant also functions in vivo as a trans-acting dominant negative regulator : the transcriptional inducibility of the HIV long terminal repeat (which contains two potential NF-kappa B	binding	sites) by phorbol ester ( PMA ) is inhibited when it is co-transfected into CD4+ T cells with the delta SP mutant. Similarly the basal as well as TNF or IL1-induced activity of the MHC class I H-2Kb promoter can be inhibited by this mutant in two different cell lines .
	93266597-7	The promoter activity from HIV long terminal repeat was greatly augmented by co-transfecting the Trx- expressing plasmid , whose effect was dependent on the NF kappa B -	binding	sites.
	93259462-6	Expression of recombinant EBF in transfected nonlymphoid cells strongly activated transcription from reporter plasmids containing functional EBF -	binding	sites.
	91277630-8	However they are not functional on a truncated TNF-alpha promoter , indicating that promoter context and cell type specificity influence the PMA inducible function of these NF-kappa B	binding	sites.
	92193465-4	MR count was significantly (P less than 0.0005) decreased in the PIH group (148 +/- 9	binding	sites/cell) compared with the control group (300 +/- 17 binding sites/cell; mean +/- SEM).
	92215726-5	Specific nuclear translocation of [3H]calcitriol/VDR was found to be time dependent reaching a maximum of approximately 2100	binding	sites/nucleus after 3 h of incubation in HL60 cells , whereas a maximum of approximately 310 binding sites/nucleus was found after 3 h in PBL .
	97051821-3	In this study, we characterize an essential upstream IL-2 response element that contains both consensus and non-consensus GAS motifs , two putative Ets	binding	sites ( EBS ), one of which overlaps the consensus GAS motif , and a GATA motif , which overlaps the non-consensus GAS motif .
	97025459-6	The proximal region in PFP9a20 contained two potential Sp1	binding	sites ( GC box and GT box ) and one Ets binding site ( EBS ).
	91210272-4	Lymphocytes activated with the OKT3 antibody to the T-cell antigen receptor expressed fewer	binding	sites as compared to lymphocytes that were activated by the polyclonal activator phytohemagglutinin ( PHA ).
	93012816-9	It is suggested that danazol has an anti-estrogenic action to the monocytes through the competition and suppression of estrogen	binding	sites as seen in the estrogen target organ .
	97088634-5	In vitro footprinting analysis within this part of the promoter revealed two Sp1	binding	sites as well as a PU-box .
	93172387-8	In the cell types tested, the LS mutations indicated an apparent requirement not only for the intact NF-kappa B and SP1-	binding	sites but also for several regions between -201 and -130 not previously associated with viral infectivity.
	93012816-5	These two types of estrogen	binding	sites existed in human peripheral blood monocytes .
	96405269-4	Significantly, the CBF sites are in each case contained within the minimum essential core regions required for inducible activation of transcription . Furthermore, these core regions of the enhancer and promoter each encompass closely linked	binding	sites for CBF , AP-1 , and NFATp .
	92156807-6	The IL-2 promoter contains	binding	sites for nuclear factors including NFAT-1 , Oct , NF-kappa B , and AP-1 , which are all potentially sensitive to activation of PKC .
	94119067-8	Sequence analysis revealed that PB1 is composed of adjacent	binding	sites for Ets and AP-1 transcription factors .
	97051821-7	Thus, IL- 2 -induced IL-2R alpha promoter activity requires a complex upstream element , which appears to contain	binding	sites for both positive and negative regulatory factors .
	95154979-10	Thus, the glucocorticoid -induced membrane perturbation, the possibility to inhibit it by RU 486 , and the inactivity of the structurally related progesterone , refer to relatively specific	binding	sites for the glucocorticoids in the membrane of erythrocyte ghosts .
	91172211-3	We have analyzed the functional domains of the minimal Thy-1 promoter and show that the dominant promoter elements consist of multiple	binding	sites for the transcription factor Sp1 , an inverted CCAAT box , and sequences proximal to the transcription start site.
	92331609-4	The A site in the 21 bp repeat has strong homology with previously described	binding	sites for the transcription factor AP-2.
	97126060-1	TI - Synergistic interactions between overlapping	binding	sites for the serum response factor and ELK-1 proteins mediate both basal enhancement and phorbol ester responsiveness of primate cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoters in monocyte and T-lymphocyte cell types.
	91321794-2	AB - HIV-1 proviral DNA contains two	binding	sites for the transcription factor NF-kappa B .
	92112059-5	Deletion of all the Sp 1-	binding	sites from the enhancer reduces transcription by 80-90% in HeLa, as well as in BJA-B cells , whereas the removal of the octamer-binding site reduces transcription to levels below detection in both cell types.
	93012816-1	TI - Estrogen	binding	sites in peripheral blood monocytes and effects of danazol on their sites in vitro.
	91321794-7	Cysteine and NAC also inhibit NF- kappa B activity as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase ( CAT ) gene expression under control of NF-kappa B	binding	sites in uninfected cells .
	93324366-4	In vitro DNase I footprinting analysis revealed six hGATA- 3	binding	sites in the U3 region (the transcriptional regulatory domain ) of the HIV-1 LTR .
	96427516-8	This effect of the CMV immediate early 1 gene product was dependent upon the presence of specific transcription factor	binding	sites in the IL-6 promoter.
	93065212-3	The palindromic site ( site B ) recognized by this protein is related to the palindromic	binding	sites of members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family .
	93262492-4	In this report, it is demonstrated that Elf-1 contains a sequence motif that is highly related to the Rb	binding	sites of several viral oncoproteins and binds to the pocket region of Rb both in vitro and in vivo.
	91210272-5	However, combination of OKT3 and phorbol myristate acetate produced a concentration of	binding	sites similar to the PHA -activated cells.
	97070945-8	Moreover, ZK161422 , but not ZK157202 , showed preference for gene activation from a promoter carrying a VD response element with a palindromic arrangement of two hexameric receptor	binding	sites spaced by 9 nucleotides ( IP9 ) rather than for activation from a response element formed by a direct repeat spaced by 3 nucleotides ( DR3 ).
	92408125-3	The number of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid	binding	sites was increased in hypertensives vs normotensives.
	92109743-7	The findings are the first to demonstrate membrane	binding	sites with a high affinity for aldosterone , but not for cortisol .
	91303691-4	For example, in experiments involving proviral clones with LTRs containing one or two NF-kappa B elements (and no Sp1	binding	sites ), a hierarchy of cellular permissivity to virus replication ( peripheral blood lymphocytes = MT4 greater than H9 greater than CEM greater than Jurkat ) was observed.
	93314685-3	In the present study, analysis of the interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) gene activation shows that naive human helper T cells ( cord blood CD4+ T cells , adult CD4+CD45RO- T cells ) regulate IL-2 transcription by a mechanism involving both a silencer and an activator acting on the purine-rich IL-2 promoter elements ( NF-AT	binding	sites ).
	92186836-3	In the studies described in this report, we have identified two potential Ets	binding	sites , EBS1 and EBS2 , which are conserved in both the human and murine interleukin-2 enhancers . Within the human enhancer , these two sites are located within the previously defined DNase I footprints , NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B , respectively.
	93152834-5	Both methods demonstrated that the tal-1 gene is expressed in megakaryocytes and erythroblasts as well as in basophilic granulocytes . In addition, our results indicate that the tal-1 1A promoter , which contains two consensus GATA-	binding	sites , is active mainly in these lineages.
	92112059-2	AB - Transcription of a human U2 small nuclear RNA(snRNA)-encoding gene in HeLa cells requires a distal enhancer element , which is composed of one octamer motif ( Oct ) and three Sp 1-	binding	sites .
	92215726-16	Translocated hormone/receptor complexes compete for a limited number of specific nuclear	binding	sites .
	93172387-4	In addition, two mutations between -93 and -76 and between -75 and -58 were utilized, since they affect the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)- and Sp1-	binding	sites and were expected to diminish viral replication.
	92362919-2	AB - It has been found that the number of glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of healthy elderly subjects increases, while the number of mineralocorticoid receptors decreases. The mechanisms of hormone-receptor interactions in hypertension are activated: the number of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid	binding	sites grows in hypertensive patients .
	93012816-3	This study was designed to investigate the presence of estrogen type I (high affinity, low capacity) and type II (low affinity, high capacity)	binding	sites in human peripheral blood monocytes and the effects of danazol on these sites.
	91303691-2	AB - Starting with a replication-incompetent molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 , lacking all the NF-kappa B and Sp1	binding	sites present in the native long terminal repeat ( LTR ), proviruses containing reconstructed LTRs with individual or combinations of NF-kappa B and Sp1 elements were generated and evaluated for their capacity to produce virus progeny following transfection-cocultivation .
	93186809-10	Finally, an abbreviated TSP 1 promoter/5'-flank , containing the SRE- and NF-Y-	binding	sites , mediated a serum response that was close in magnitude to that of the parent promoter .
	91366165-11	The nuclear extracts from resting and induced ML-1 cells contain proteins	binding	specifically to the AP- 1 , AP-2 , and NF kappa B sequence located within the TNF promoter.
	92207144-3	In addition, we looked at the modulation of nuclear factors	binding	specifically to the AP-1 element after LTB4 stimulation.
	92195320-4	These homodimers and heterodimers show distinct DNA-	binding	specificities and affinities for various kappa B motifs .
	97006603-3	In selecting the most specific and potent oligonucleotide sequence , we performed extensive analyses for the	binding	specificity between all candidates of c-jun AS oligonucleotides and the whole sequences in GenBank database , using a computer program.
	94290489-6	The involvement of this particular amino acid in the	binding	specificity is also discussed.
	93024468-3	This factor has a DNA-	binding	specificity similar to that of NF- kappa B but is unrelated to this or other Rel proteins by functional and biochemical criteria.
	93065212-5	This protein is distinct from other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family including the COUP protein which has a closely related DNA	binding	specificity .
	91221358-3	In addition,	binding	studies with (3H) dexamethasone have been performed to determine the dissociation constant ( Kd ) and receptor numbers ( Ro ) in the monocytes of these two groups of subjects .
	91364264-2	AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptors during hypercortisolaemia in anorexia nervosa . DESIGN: Urine and plasma samples were obtained for cortisol determination and blood lymphocytes were isolated for receptor	binding	studies.
	93180777-5	Deletion and base substitution mutations along with DNA	binding	studies demonstrated that the enhancer contained a minimum of three functional protein binding sequences , two of which appeared to be important for gene induction. One of the essential proteins which bound to the enhancer was similar or identical to members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors required for both IL-1 - and LPS -specific induction of the IL-6 gene (i.e., the NF-IL6 proteins ).
	91173312-2	AB - A DNA probe that spanned a domain conserved among the proto-oncogene c- rel , the Drosophila morphogen dorsal , and the p50 DNA	binding	subunit of NF-kappa B was generated from Jurkat T cell complementary DNA with the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and degenerate oligonucleotides . This probe was used to identify a rel-related complementary DNA that hybridized to a 2.6-kilobase messenger RNA present in human T and B lymphocytes .
	92135145-2	AB - The two nuclear proteins NF-kappa B (consisting of subunits p50 an dp65 ) and the DNA-	binding	subunit of NF-kappa B ( p50 ) by itself, also called KBF1 , are constitutively expressed and localized in the nucleus of the human T-cell line IARC 301.5 .
	91117203-7	The purified homodimer (two p50 s) of the DNA-	binding	subunit of NF-kappa B binds the B2 site of proenkephalin relatively better than does the heterotetramer (two p65s plus two p50 s) form of the factor.
	92260664-4	We have found that the p49(100) DNA	binding	subunit , together with p65 , can act in concert with Tat-I to stimulate the expression of HIV -CAT plasmid.
	94280766-5	In vertebrates, five distinct DNA	binding	subunits are currently known which might extensively heterodimerize, thereby forming complexes with distinct transcriptional activity, DNA sequence specificity, and cell type- and cell stage- specific distribution.
	91204058-4	This factor consists of two DNA-	binding	subunits of relative molecular mass 50,000 (50K) associated with two 65K subunits .
	93153017-2	AB - The active nuclear form of the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex is composed of two DNA	binding	subunits , NF-kappa B p65 and NF-kappa B p50 , both of which share extensive N-terminal sequence homology with the v-rel oncogene product .
	96264685-6	Similarly, the complexes	binding	the consensus AP-1 TRE and jun TRE-like motifs in cells exposed to oxidative signals or PHA/PMA were indistinguishable, being composed of c-Fos , c-Jun , and JunD . However, PHA/PMA but not oxidative signals induced the coordinate activation of reporter constructs containing the AP-1 -TRE, NF-AT , and IL-2 promoter regions along with IL-2 mRNA expression .
	97066958-8	Signal transduction through tyrosine kinase activation may lead to altered gene expression, as J393/ CD43 ligation prompted decreases in the nuclear localization of the transcriptional regulatory protein NF- kappaB and proteins	binding	the interferon-inducible regulatory element .
	91170801-8	Two proteins	binding	the kappa B sequence , NF-kappa B and KBF1 , are constitutively expressed in IARC 301 nuclei and induced by PMA and PHA in Jurkat .
	92176657-5	A T cell-specific protein Neg-1 and a ubiquitous protein Neg-2	binding	to NRE-I and NRE-II , respectively, were identified.
	92049367-4	In addition, cell-free synthesized hGR was capable of specific	binding	to glucocorticoid response element ( GRE )-containing DNA fragments.
	92109743-1	TI - High affinity aldosterone	binding	to plasma membrane rich fractions from mononuclear leukocytes : is there a membrane receptor for mineralocorticoids ?
	91132035-8	We further demonstrate the impact of platelet-activating factor	binding	to B cells by measuring platelet-activating factor induced arachidonic acid release and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production.
	92213189-5	Mononuclear leukocytes	binding	to glucocorticoid correlated significantly with polymorphonuclear leukocytes binding to glucocorticoid , but both determinations failed to differentiate major depressive disorder and control subjects .
	92213189-6	3. Initial and post- dexamethasone in vitro fibroblast	binding	to glucocorticoid was not different between major depressive disorder and non-depressed control subjects .
	91210272-6	The receptor from OKT3 and OKT3 + phorbol myristate acetate - activated lymphocytes exhibited decreased	binding	to DNA-cellulose compared to PHA -activated lymphocytes .
	93224733-6	This was evidenced by the ability of the AP-1 site to compete with the NF-AT site for	binding	to NF-AT and by the capacity of immobilized anti-Jun and anti-Fos antibodies to deplete NF-AT -binding activity from nuclear extracts of activated T cells .
	94051535-11	It is evident that assembly of the surface domain of TF with VIIa to form the binary TF.VIIa complex induces a significant increase in the Kcat of the catalytic domain of VIIa for small peptidyl substrates and more profoundly for protein substrate . This provides substantial evidence for an allosteric effect on the catalytic cleft of VIIa that is imparted by	binding	to TF , its cognate catalytic cofactor .
	97118356-3	The effect of the steroid is mediated by its	binding	to corticosteroid receptors .
	97115792-10	Our data are most consistent with a model in which recruitment to the TCR allows ZAP-70 autophosphorylation and	binding	to p56(lck) , which in turn phosphorylates Tyr-492 and/or Tyr-493 with consequent up-regulation of the ZAP-70 kinase activity.
	94149008-6	The consequences of p80c-rel tyrosine phosphorylation are not yet known; however, tyrosine - phosphorylated p80c-rel is capable of	binding	to DNA, and G-CSF stimulation results in an increase in the amount of p80c-rel which binds to DNA.
	93264305-5	To dissect the molecular basis for the unusually persistent transcription of the IL-2R alpha gene, we analyzed nuclear NF-kappa B	binding	to a radiolabeled IL-2R alpha kappa B- specific oligonucleotide probe during the time course of CD2 + CD28 activation .
	91354520-2	AB - Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ), also referred to as CSF- 1 , regulates the survival, growth , differentiation and functional activity of monocytes by	binding	to a single class of high-affinity cell surface receptors , known to be the product of the c-fms protooncogene .
	96285641-4	The activity was tested by quantitating the nuclear proteins	binding	to an oligonucleotide containing the consensus kappa B binding sequence ( electrophoretic mobility shift assay ).
	92031293-6	In this study we demonstrate that a subfragment (C26) in the region between the 21-bp elements is involved in trans-activation by p40tax , possibly through	binding	to an NF-kappa B -like nuclear factor or factors.
	97066996-9	These data demonstrate that Stat3 but not Stat1 or Stat5 is directly recruited to the ligand-activated IL- 10 receptor by	binding	to specific but redundant receptor intracellular domain sequences containing phosphotyrosine .
	94149008-3	The effects of G-CSF are mediated by	binding	to specific, high affinity receptors .
	92207144-9	Nuclear transcription studies in vitro showed that LTB4 increased the transcription of the c-fos gene 7-fold and the c-jun gene 1.4-fold. Resting monocytes contained nuclear factors	binding	to the AP-1 element , but stimulation of monocytes with LTB4 induced greater AP-1- binding activity of nuclear proteins .
	94266606-10	Further, the level of nuclear proteins capable of	binding	to the NF- kappa B sites in activated T cells increased in response to DM .
	93300824-5	Competition with an AP-1 motif or with anti-Jun and anti-Fos antibodies abolished	binding	to the NFAT motif in both T and B cells , indicating that Jun and Fos are critical for NFAT complex formation in both cell types.
	97031178-9	Concomitant stimulation by VitD3 inhibited the RA-stimulated formation of RAR beta /RXR heterodimers, favoring VDR /RXR	binding	to the RARE .
	92051383-10	These results indicate that lymphocyte-specific factors	binding	to the TCEd are involved in the control of T cell specific-transcription of the Il-2 gene.
	93024468-1	TI - Characterization of a new tissue-specific transcription factor	binding	to the simian virus 40 enhancer TC-II (NF-kappa B) element .
	93262492-1	TI - Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by	binding	to the retinoblastoma protein .
	93180775-4	Using Scatchard analysis, we have determined the dissociation constants of homodimeric p49 and heterodimeric p49/p65 for	binding	to the HIV kappa B site .
	97131617-4	Inhibition of RANTES expression did not appear to be secondary to IL-2 inhibition and required	binding	to the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor .
	93314685-5	Their IL-2 transcription seems to be controlled solely by the transition from inactive to active functional state of a positive transcription factor	binding	to these promoter elements as well as its cytoplasmic or nuclear location: in resting memory T cells the activator is located in the cytoplasm and is inactive, whereas in stimulated cells it is functional in promoting transcription and now resides in the nucleus .
	91114695-3	We report the identification of a T cell- specific transcription factor , TCF-1 ,	binding	to this element.
	92156807-8	In contrast, mutations in the AP-1 site located at - 150 b p almost completely abrogate induction of the IL-2 promoter , and appearance of an inducible nuclear factor	binding	to this site is sensitive to PKC depletion.
	93194904-5	This sequence element was referred to as the BAT box and its deletion significantly reduced the activity of a CD20 promoter-CAT construct in B cells. Mobility shift assays with various mutant probes and B cell nuclear extracts demonstrated that the core sequence TAAT was essential for	binding	to this site.
	96413292-2	AB - The proximal sequence element (PSE)-	binding	transcription factor ( PTF ), which binds the PSE of both RNA polymerase II - and RNA polymerase III - transcribed mammalian small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes , is essential for their transcription.
	96413292-1	TI - Cloning and characterization of the beta subunit of human proximal sequence element-	binding	transcription factor and its involvement in transcription of small nuclear RNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III .
	93260875-6	In this paper, I described the characterization of genes encoding eosinophil granule proteins and the mRNA expression of GATA-1	binding	transcription factor during eosinophil differentiation .
	93046624-1	TI - A novel B cell-derived coactivator potentiates the activation of immunoglobulin promoters by octamer-	binding	transcription factors .
	91173312-5	This protein-DNA complex comigrated with the complex obtained with the p urified human p65 NF-kappa B subunit and	binding	was inhibited by I kappa B-alpha and -beta proteins .
	92052106-5	This absence of	binding	was localized to the NF-kappa B region of the HIV-1 enhancer ; the 65-kDa plus 50-kDa NF-kappa B heterodimer was preferentially lost. Adding purified NF-kappa B protein t o nuclear extracts from cells with restricted expression overcomes this lack of binding.
	91266919-8	Gel retardation experiments established that this IRE motif formed a protein - RNA complex with cytosolic extracts from human K562 cells and this	binding	was strongly competed with IRE transcripts from ferritin or transferrin receptor mRNAs .
	96413288-9	With respect to arginine residues , only the two single mutations of R-276 and R-394 to alanine showed a dramatic decrease of agonist and antagonist	binding	whereas the R272A mutation showed only a slight effect.
	92118719-10	In contrast, mild oxidation with glucose oxidase selectively inhibits p75 and p85	binding	while not blocking p50 and p55 interactions.
	93153017-4	To investigate the molecular basis for the critical regulatory interaction between NF-kappa B and I kappa B/MAD-3 , a series of human NF-kappa B p65 mutants was identified that functionally segregated DNA	binding	, I kappa B-mediated inhibition , and I kappa B-induced nuclear exclusion of this transcription factor . Results from in vivo expression studies performed with these NF-kappa B p65 mutants revealed the following: 1) I kappa B/MAD-3 completely inhibits NF-kappa B p65 -dependent transcriptional activation mediated through the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 kappa B enhancer in human T lymphocytes , 2) the binding of I kappa B/MAD-3 to NF-kappa B p65 is sufficient to retarget NF-kappa B p65 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm , 3) selective deletion of the functional nuclear localization signal present in the Rel homology domain of NF-kappa B p65 disrupts its ability to engage I kappa B/MAD-3 , and 4) the unique C-terminus of NF-kappa B p65 attenuates its own nuclear localization and contains sequences that are required for I kappa B-mediated inhibition of NF- kappa B p65 DNA binding activity .
	93180775-1	TI - Dimerization of NF-KB2 with RelA(p65) regulates DNA	binding	, transcriptional activation , and inhibition by an I kappa B -alpha ( MAD- 3 ).
	97031178-4	Therefore, we analyzed the expression, DNA	binding	, and transcriptional activity of the endogenous RA and VitD3 receptors [ retinoic acid receptors ( RARs ), retinoid X receptors ( RXRs ), and VitD3 receptor ( VDR )] in the U-937 cell line , in which RA and VitD3 induce distinct monocytic differentiation pathways .
	93114357-5	Both PMA and the combination of NECA and forskolin acted together either to increase ( c-Fos ) or decrease ( Jun ) protein levels as well as increasing AP-1	binding	, as judged by gel-shift assay , and AP-1 transcriptional activity.
	96397543-2	AB - The Id family of helix-loop-helix proteins function as negative regulators of DNA	binding	, basic helix-loop-helix proteins in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.
	96413288-13	In addition, antagonists show distinctly different requirements for efficient	binding	, which may contribute to their interference in the ligand-inducible transactivation function of RAR alpha .
	96413288-3	They are composed of different structural domains , including distinct domains for DNA and ligand	binding	.
	93153017-1	TI - I kappa B/MAD-3 masks the nuclear localization signal of NF-kappa B p65 and requires the transactivation domain to inhibit NF-kappa B p65 DNA	binding	.
	96413288-8	Interestingly, residue C-235 is specifically important in antagonist	binding	.
	92049367-2	AB - We have used a DNA-	binding	/immunoprecipitation assay to analyze the capacity of human glucocorticoid receptor ( hGR ), generated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates , to bind DNA.
	94151327-5	However, these effects on I kappa B alpha result in nuclear mobilization of only a fraction of the entire cytoplasmic pool of RelA . Subsequent studies have revealed that (i) cytoplasmic RelA is stably associated not only with I kappa B alpha but also with other ankyrin motif-rich proteins including the products of the NF-kappa B2 (p100) and NF-kappa B1 (p105) genes ; (ii) in contrast to RelA - I kappa B alpha , RelA -p100 cytoplasmic complexes are not dissociated following tumor necrosis factor alpha activation; (iii) p100 functions as a potent inhibitor of RelA -mediated transcription in vivo; (iv) the interaction of RelA and p100 involves the conserved Rel homology domain of both proteins but not the nuclear localization signal of RelA , which is required for I kappa B alpha	binding	; (v) p100 inhibition of RelA function requires the C-terminal ankyrin motif domain , which mediates cytoplasmic retention of RelA ; and (vi) as observed with I kappa B alpha , nuclear RelA stimulates p100 mRNA and protein expression .
	92207144-10	These results indicate that LTB4 may regulate the production of different cytokines by modulating the yield and/or the function of transcription factors such as AP-1-	binding	proto-oncogene products .
	94110342-6	PBMC obtained from these two groups, 17 SR and 12 SS , as well as 12 normal controls were analyzed. SR patients had two distinguishable GR	binding	abnormalities: 15 of the 17 SR patients demonstrated a significantly reduced GR binding affinity, as compared with SS patients (P = 0.0001) and normal controls (P = 0.0001).
	94110342-10	Furthermore, GR number failed to normalize after incubation in media alone or IL-2 and IL-4 . Therefore, SR asthma may be due to more than one abnormality, the majority related to a reversible cytokine -induced reduction in GR	binding	affinity and the second related to an irreversible reduction in GR number.
	93315684-4	Both induction of monocyte	binding	and mRNA levels for M-CSF by MM-LDL were not inhibited in protein kinase C-depleted endothelial cells .
	92331609-6	To determine the role of AP-2 in the regulation of the HTLV-I LTR gene expression, we used an AP-2 cDNA in DNA	binding	and transient expression assays .
	96272884-4	Therefore, we examined glucocorticoid receptor characteristics on monocytes by [3H]dexamethasone	binding	and measured IFN alpha , cortisol , and ACTH in AIDS patients with ( AIDS -GR) or without glucocorticoid resistance ( AIDS -C) and controls (C).
	93315684-2	AB - We have previously shown that minimally oxidized LDL (MM-LDL) activated endothelial cells to increase their interaction with monocytes but not neutrophils , inducing monocyte but not neutrophil	binding	and synthesis of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and monocyte colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ).
	96293454-4	In transient transfectin experiments, BCL6 can repress transcription from promoters linked to its DNA target sequence and this activity is dependent upon specific DNA-	binding	and the presence of an intact N-terminal half of the protein.
	96355009-3	In this work, we report that these anergic T cells are defective in their ability to up-regulate protein	binding	and transactivation at two critical IL-2 DNA enhancer elements: NF-AT ( nuclear factor of activated T cells ; a sequence that binds a heterotrimeric NFATp , Fos , and Jun protein complex ) and Activator Protein-1 ( AP-1 ) (that binds Fos and Jun heterodimers ).
	93155114-6	Antisera to Fos inhibits NF-AT DNA	binding	as does an oligonucleotide containing a binding site for AP1 .
	92049367-12	The specificity of DNA	binding	by cell-free synthesized hGR was analyzed further by examining the abilities of various DNAs to compete for binding to a naturally occurring GRE found in the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat .
	93315684-9	We present evidence that induction of neutrophil	binding	by LPS is actually suppressed by agents that elevated cAMP levels.
	92049367-1	TI - Evaluation of the role of ligand and thermal activation of specific DNA	binding	by in vitro synthesized human glucocorticoid receptor .
	92366509-1	TI - In vivo footprint analysis of the HLA-DRA gene promoter : cell-specific interaction at the octamer site and up-regulation of X box	binding	by interferon gamma .
	92049367-8	In contrast, addition of either ligand or antagonist in combination with a heat activation step promoted DNA	binding	by approximately 3-fold over that of heat- activated unliganded receptors .
	93155114-9	NF-AT DNA	binding	can be reconstituted in vitro using semi-purified AP1 proteins mixed with cytosol from T lymphocytes .
	91349414-1	TI - Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor	binding	during depression and after clinical recovery .
	92049367-11	Addition of KCl resulted in less DNA	binding	either due to blockage of DNA-receptor complex formation or disruption of the complexes.
	93043110-2	AB - A single point assay of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) in human lymphocytes based on the measurement of specific dexamethasone	binding	has been developed and compared with a common multi-point Scatchard analysis .
	91363265-5	We also observed that ketoconazole was a weak competitor of GcR in intact cells , although it significantly inhibited [3H] dexamethasone	binding	in cytosolic preparations from rat tissues .
	92213189-3	In order to further understand the apparent glucocorticoid resistance in major depressive disorder , circadian variation in cortisol concentration , dexamethasone suppression and glucocorticoid receptor	binding	in mononuclear leukocytes , polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts were measured in rigidly defined major depressive disorder patients and non-depressed psychiatric controls .
	96355009-5	However, the reduced expression of these proteins was not the result of a global TCR/CD3-signaling defect because CD3 cross-linking induced an equivalent increase in intracellular-free calcium ions , as well as NFATp dephosphorylation, translocation to the nucleus , and DNA	binding	in both normal and anergic T cells .
	92213189-1	TI - Glucocorticoid receptor	binding	in three different cell types in major depressive disorder: lack of evidence of receptor binding defect .
	93030402-5	Thus enabled to perform the test on multiple blood samples in parallel, we investigated cardiac infarction patients over a 12-day period to test if glucocorticoid receptor	binding	is altered in this 'stressful' disease.
	93072349-7	These findings are the first to demonstrate membrane	binding	of aldosterone being compatible with major aspects of its nongenomic effects.
	97182951-7	It is remarkable that in B-CLL cells the nuclear appearance and DNA	binding	of specific transcription factors is dramatically affected whereas other members of the same factor family remained unaltered in these leukemic cells.
	96365473-1	TI - Sequence-specific DNA	binding	of the B-cell-specific coactivator OCA-B .
	91349414-2	AB - Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor	binding	parameters were studied in 15 severely depressed patients during depression and after clinical recovery, and in 15 healthy controls .
	92049367-9	Agonist ( dexamethasone ) was slightly more effective in supporting specific DNA	binding	than antagonist ( RU486 ).
	93065212-4	Here we characterize the T cell protein	binding	to this site as a 100 kD protein which is most abundant in T cells and which binds to site B as a 200 kD complex .
	91173312-4	The translated protein showed weak DNA	binding	with a specificity for the kappa B binding motif .
	92317168-2	AB - The NF-kappa B family of transcription proteins represents multiple DNA	binding	, rel related polypeptides that contribute to regulation of genes involved in immune responsiveness and inflammation , as well as activation of the HIV long terminal repeat.
	92244343-9	On the basis of	binding	, reconstitution and cotransfection experiments , we propose that activation of NF-AT occurs in at least two stages: a CsA -sensitive stage involving modification and/or translocation of the pre-existing NF-AT complex, and a CsA -insensitive stage involving the addition of newly synthesized Fos or Fos/Jun proteins to the pre-existing complex .
	97031178-8	Stimulation by RA resulted in increased RAR beta/RXR DNA	binding	, activated RARE-dependent transcription , and increased expression of RAR-beta .
	96382512-4	Ligand activation of c-ErbB induced the tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA-	binding	, and reporter gene transcription of Stat 5b in erythroblasts .
	92049367-13	Oligonucleotides containing the consensus GRE were the most efficient competitors, and fragments containing regulatory sequences from glucocorticoid -repressible genes were somewhat competitive, whereas single stranded oligonucleotides were unable to compete for mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat DNA	binding	, except when competitor was present at extremely high concentrations.
	92049367-14	Together these studies indicate that hGR synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysates displays many of the same properties, including GRE - specific DNA	binding	, observed for glucocorticoid receptor present in cytosolic extracts of mammalian cells and tissues .
	97182951-9	constitutive nuclear translocation and DNA	binding	, of these members of NF-AT , NF-kB and AP-1 factor families .
	93253031-7	When the wild-type hGR and hGR -Ile 729 were expressed in COS- 1 cells and assayed for [3H]-Dexamethasone	binding	, the dissociation constants were 0.799 +/- 0.068 and 1.54 +/- 0.06 nM (mean +/- SEM) (P < 0.01), respectively.
	92049367-15	Similarities between the effects of dexamethasone and RU486 suggest that the antiglucocorticoid properties of RU486 do not occur at the level of specific DNA	binding	.
	91217625-11	First, deletion analysis revealed that a region of TCF-1 containing the HMG box was sufficient for sequence-specific	binding	.
	96413288-12	From these results, we can conclude that electrostatic interactions of retinoids with the RAR alpha -LBD play a significant role in ligand	binding	.
	92043714-3	Human T and B lymphocytes demonstrate an early and transient hyperpolarization after ligand	binding	.
	92215726-15	We conclude that a specific nuclear translocation mechanism exists for calcitriol in both cell types examined, most likely due to translocation of receptor proteins after hormone	binding	.
	92043714-2	AB - The involvement of ion channels in B and T lymphocyte activation is supported by many reports of changes in ion fluxes and membrane potential after mitogen	binding	.
	97112990-7	The CpG dinucleotide in this element is selectively methylated in Th2 T cells and other cells that do not express IFN-gamma , and methylation markedly reduces transcription factor	binding	.
	93204999-3	The IL-2R alpha enhancer	binds	NF- kappa B poorly and is only weakly activated by the NF-kappa B site alone.
	97128276-5	We find that, although the variant octamer motif	binds	Oct-1 and Oct-2 in vitro with 5-fold lower affinity than the consensus octamer motif , mutation of the variant octamer motif to either a consensus octamer or non-octamer motif has no effect on transcriptional activation from the germline promoter .
	97051821-1	TI - An IL-2 response element in the human IL-2 receptor alpha chain promoter is a composite element that	binds	Stat5 , Elf-1 , HMG-I(Y ) and a GATA family protein .
	97048062-9	A PXQXT/S-containing sequence is also present in the cytoplasmic domain of the Hodgkin's disease marker , CD30 , and	binds	TRAF3 in vitro.
	96365473-3	We find that OCA-B	binds	DNA directly in the major groove between the two subdomains of the POU domain , requiring both an A at the fifth position of the octamer element and contact with the POU domain .
	93152894-5	Over its 3' end , it	binds	a factor that is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed.
	91172768-2	AB - The kappa B sequence ( GGGACTTTCC )	binds	a factor, NF-kappa B , that is constitutively found in its functional, DNA binding form only in B lymphocytes .
	93152894-4	This region	binds	an inducible, T-cell-specific factor over its 5' end , a site that is necessary for the expression of IL-3 in the absence of other upstream elements.
	94088534-5	Since one of the few transcription factors which have been implicated in the regulation of monocyte genes is the macrophage- and B-cell-specific PU.1 transcription factor , we investigated whether PU.1	binds	and activates the M-CSF receptor promoter.
	91266912-3	The KBF1/p50 factor	binds	as a homodimer but can also form heterodimers with the products of other members of the same family, like the c-rel and v-rel (proto)oncogenes .
	93153017-6	Unexpectedly, our in vivo studies also demonstrate that I kappa B/MAD-3	binds	directly to NF- kappa B p50 .
	93262492-5	Elf-1	binds	exclusively to the underphosphorylated form of Rb and fails to bind to Rb mutants derived from patients with retinoblastoma .
	97112990-5	The proximal element is a composite site that	binds	members of the CREB/ATF , AP-1 , and octamer families of transcription factors . Jun is essential for activation-induced transcription and binds preferably as a heterodimer with ATF-2 .
	92318932-2	AB - Oct-2 is a transcription factor that	binds	specifically to octamer DNA motifs in the promoters of immunoglobulin and interleukin-2 genes .
	92407982-7	In this report, we demonstrate that a novel Ets-related transcription factor , Elf-1 ,	binds	specifically to two purine-rich motifs in the HIV-2 enhancer.
	94076456-6	We now report the identification of a cDNA clone ( 15B- 7 ), from a Jurkat expression library , that	binds	specifically to the DRE 1 regulatory sequence.
	93216805-7	In addition, the macrophage transcription factor PU.1	binds	the CD11b promoter in vitro and in vivo close to the Sp1 site .
	93216805-1	TI - The Sp1 transcription factor	binds	the CD11b promoter specifically in myeloid cells in vivo and is essential for myeloid-specific promoter activity.
	96365473-4	An amino-terminal fragment of OCA-B	binds	the octamer site in the absence of a POU domain with the same sequence specificity.
	93216805-5	We show that this sequence	binds	the transcription factor Sp1 in vitro and in vivo.
	97098661-7	PRRII is a T-cell-specific enhancer , located between nucleotides -137 and -64, which	binds	the T-cell-specific Ets protein Elf-1 and HMG-I(Y) proteins .
	94155850-5	We report that a constitutively active form of calcineurin partially substitutes for the Ca2+ co-stimulus required to activate the IL-2 promoter elements IL-2A (which	binds	the factors OAP and Oct-1 ) and IL-2E (which binds NF-AT ), and completely substitutes for the Ca2+ co-stimulus required to stimulate an NF-kappa B -dependent element. Calcineurin stimulates the NF-kappa B element by enhancing inactivation of I kappa B/MAD3 , an inhibitor of NF-kappa B , thereby increasing the amount of nuclear NF-kappa B DNA binding activity.
	92107162-3	We have shown that the Z gene product , which	binds	to AP-1 sites as a homodimer and has sequence similarity to c-Fos , can efficiently activate the EBV early promoter, BMRF1 , in certain cell types (i.e., HeLa cells ) but not others (i.e., Jurkat cells ).
	92385366-3	The protein expressed by the v-erb A oncogene	binds	to DNA and acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of both the thyroid hormone receptor and the closely related retinoic acid receptor .
	92407982-1	TI - A novel Ets-related transcription factor , Elf-1 ,	binds	to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 regulatory elements that are required for inducible trans activation in T cells .
	92195320-3	We show here that c-Rel	binds	to kappa B sites as homodimers as well as heterodimers with p50 .
	92052179-8	NF-E1 is also the human homologue of the mouse delta protein , which	binds	to ribosomal protein gene promoters .
	91110562-3	In fact, IFNs inhibit growth of various normal and transformed cell types . Previously, a nuclear factor , IRF-1 ( interferon regulatory factor 1 ), which	binds	to type I IFN and some IFN-inducible gene promoters , was identified and cloned.
	91184620-2	AB - The human T cell-specific transcription factor TCF-1 alpha plays a key role in the tissue-specific activation of the T cell receptor ( TCR ) C alpha enhancer and	binds	to pyrimidine -rich elements ( 5'-PyCTTTG-3' ) present in a variety of other T cell-specific control regions .
	96413274-8	Consistent with these results, quantitative DNase footprinting of the TNF-alpha promoter using increasing amounts of recombinant NFATp demonstrated that the -76 site	binds	to NFATp with a higher affinity than the kappa 3 site .
	94025289-4	Hence, Ca2+	binds	to calmodulin , leading to the binding of calmodulin to calcineurin ; the activated calcineurin , in turn, may dephosphorylate the cytoplasmic subunit of NF-AT , resulting in its translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to form a competent transcriptional activator .
	93123257-8	The first (-445/-366) is a positive element active in both basophils and T cells . The second (-365/-264)	binds	to nuclear factors , which appear to be different in basophils and T cells , and acts as a negative element in basophils and as a positive one in T cells .
	91217625-3	We have recently identified and cloned a human transcription factor , TCF-1 , that	binds	to a functional element in the T lymphocyte-specific enhancer of CD3-epsilon.
	91367666-2	AB - The transcription factor HIV-TF1 , which	binds	to a region about 60 bp upstream from the enhancer of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( HIV- 1 ), was purified from human B cells .
	93204999-4	Serum response factor ( SRF )	binds	to a site adjacent to the NF- kappa B site in the IL-2R enhancer , and both sites together have strong transcriptional activity specifically in T cells .
	93065212-1	TI - Characterization of a novel T lymphocyte protein which	binds	to a site related to steroid/thyroid hormone receptor response elements in the negative regulatory sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat .
	93065212-2	AB - We have previously identified a T lymphocyte protein which	binds	to a site within the LTR of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) and exerts an inhibitory effect on v irus gene expression.
	93112057-2	AB - Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that	binds	to and transactivates promoters of growth hormone and prolactin genes .
	93300824-2	AB - Nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NFAT ) is a transcriptional activator that	binds	to sequences in the interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter and is thought to be largely responsible for the T cell-specific inducibility of IL-2 expression.
	97051821-6	An unidentified Ets family protein	binds	to the EBS overlapping the consensus GAS motif and appears to negatively regulate the human IL-2R alpha promoter .
	92052179-7	NF-E1 is encoded by the same gene as the YY-1 protein , which	binds	to the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter .
	97132074-2	AB - Nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-kappa B ) is a transcription factor that	binds	to the consensus DNA sequence in the cis-acting elements of various genes .
	92052179-6	This protein also	binds	to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer mu E1 site .
	92052179-1	TI - Isolation of a candidate repressor/activator , NF-E1 ( YY-1 , delta ), that	binds	to the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu E1 sit e.
	92052179-5	We have isolated a human cDNA clone encoding a zinc finger protein ( NF-E1 ) that	binds	to the negative-acting segment of the kappa E3' enhancer .
	96344715-6	NGFI-B/nur77	binds	to the response element by monomer or heterodimer with retinoid X receptor ( RXR ).
	91266912-2	AB - The KBF1 factor , which	binds	to the enhancer A located in the promoter of the mouse MHC class I gene H-2Kb , is indistinguishable from the p50 DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B , which regulates a series of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses .
	91204058-3	T-cell activation also correlates with the induction of the factor NF-kappa B which	binds	to two adjacent sites in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat .
	93043110-6	Though specifically	bound	dexamethasone measured by whole-cell assay and that using cell harvester correlated well, almost by one order lower values obtained with the latter method render it non- applicable for receptor quantitation .
	96329553-9	Therefore, activation of STAT5A predominates compared to STAT5B when assayed by direct immunoprecipitation and by evaluation of	bound	STATs to immobilized GRR .
	91094881-8	In striking contrast to the mouse Ig heavy-chain enhancer , in which the octamer motif acts as a B-cell-specific enhancer element , the human enhancer contains an octamerlike sequence with one base substitution which	bound	octamer-binding proteins with only very low affinity and showed no enhancer activity of its own.
	96420243-9	These results suggest that phosphorylated pRB is constitutively expressed in MM cells and that IL-6 further shifts pRB from its dephosphorylated to its phosphorylated form, thereby promoting MM cell growth via two mechanisms; by decreasing the amount of E2F	bound	by dephosphorylated pRB due to reduced dephosphorylated pRB , thereby releasing growth arrest; and by upregulating IL-6 secretion by MM cells and related IL-6 - mediated autocrine tumor cell growth.
	92186836-5	Two well-characterized Ets family members, Ets-1 and Ets-2 , are reciprocally expressed during T-cell activation . Surprisingly, however, neither of these proteins	bound	in vitro to EBS1 or EBS2 .
	93216805-6	In vivo the Sp1 site is	bound	only in myeloid (U937) cells , not in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells .
	97025459-7	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that each of the cis-elements	bound	specific protein factors .
	92331609-7	Gel retardation and methylation interference studies revealed that bacterially produced AP-2	bound	specifically and with high affinity to all three 21 bp repeats , and that it required the core sequence AGGC for specific binding .
	91217625-13	Third, TCF-1	bound	specifically to a functional T cell-specific element in the T cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha) enhancer .
	92186836-8	Elf-1	bound	specifically to both EBS1 and EBS2 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays .
	94076456-8	In vitro transcription and translation of 15B-7 cDNA produced a fusion protein which	bound	specifically to the HTLV-I +195 to +240 oligonucleotide.
	93194904-6	Cross competition experiments with an octamer sequence from the Ig heavy chain promoter, the BAT box , and a TA-rich sequence present in the CD21 promoter revealed that all three sequences	bound	the same nuclear proteins suggesting that the BAT box binding proteins were Oct-1 and Oct-2 .
	92066454-2	AB - Two different proteins which independently	bound	to neighboring sequences within the negative regulatory element ( NRE ) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) were detected in the nuclear extract of a virus-infected human T cell line .
	94076456-4	We identified a protein, p37, which specifically	bound	to DRE 1 .
	92066454-3	One of the factors	bound	to a novel dyad symmetrical sequence .
	92066454-6	The other factor	bound	to a putative AP-1 recognition sequence predicted for the HIV-1 NRE .
	92068245-3	In T cells and T cell lines , NF-kB is	bound	to a cytoplasmic proteic inhibitor , the IkB . Treatment of T cells with mitogens ( phorbol esters ) or cytokines ( TNF alpha ) induces NF-kB nuclear translocation and the subsequent expression of NF-kB dependent T cell genes.
	94083530-7	Jurkat T cells stably expressing tax contained elevated levels of NF-kappa B that directly	bound	to the LT-kappa B site .
	97088634-6	The transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 as well as the closely related factor Spi-B	bound	to the PU-box in B- cells.
	92331609-5	We demonstrated that AP-2 mRNA was present in T-lymphocytes and that cellular factors from both non-transformed and transformed T-lymphocytes specifically	bound	to the consensus motif for AP-2 in each 21 bp.
	96329553-6	Whereas 94-kD STAT5A was clearly tyrosine phosphorylated and	bound	to the enhancer element , the gamma response region ( GRR ), of the Fc gamma RI gene , substantially less tyrosine phosphorylated STAT5B bound to the immobilized GRR element.
	96413274-5	In A20 B cells , the TNF-alpha gene is not regulated by NFATp	bound	to the kappa 3 element .
	97088634-7	In the erythroleukemia cell line K562 , due to the absence of Spi- B , only PU.1	bound	to the Btk promoter.
	92186836-9	It also	bound	to the purine-rich CD3R element from the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat, which is required for inducible virus expression in response to signalling through the T-cell receptor . Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiple Ets family members with apparently distinct DNA binding specificities regulate differential gene expression in resting and activated T cells .
	93012816-7	Danazol	bound	to these sites in high concentration (10(-6) M, clinical serum concentration during danazol therapy) and decreased the number of both sites.