DECA

DECA Demo

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A possible role for sumoylation in chromosome condensation is further supported by the recent finding that sumoylation of the budding yeast Ycs4 condensin subunit is stimulated by Cdc14, a phosphatase required for rDNA segregation, raising the possibility that Cdc14 targets condensin to the rDNA by inducing sumoylation of one of its subunits (DAmours et al., 2004).

Moreover, Pds5, a protein important for sister chromatid cohesion and condensation was found to be sumoylated , with SUMO modification increasing during mitosis. Overexpression of Ulp2 suppresses the temperature sensitivity of pds5 mutants, suggesting that Pds5 sumoylation promotes the dissolution of cohesion (Stead et al.,2003).

Conversely, in fission yeast, loss of Ulp2 leads to premature centromere separation and failure to maintain cohesion at centromeric regions. Excess in sumoylation of topoisomerase II may in part account for these phenotypes (Bachant et al., 2002).

Similar conclusions were reached with a dominant - negative mutant of Ubc9 in Xenopus egg extracts (Azuma et al., 2003).

Most of the chromosome segregation defects associated with impairment of the SUMO pathway in lower eukaryotic cells are associated with diverse phenotypes, including hypersensitivity to DNA damage, telomere length elongation, and recombination defects. It remains to be determined whether other chromosome processes, in addition to chromosome condensation and segregation, are also affected by Ubc9 loss in mammalian cells.

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Xinglong Wang | National Centre for Text Mining | School of Computer Science | University of Manchester